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the consistency problem can be solved by running the Raft consensus algorithm in a distributed cluster, but the re-election of the leader may cause the cluster to be unavailable. Therefore, the leadership transfer function is increased to the Raft algorithm to prevent the cluster unavailable because of the leader being shut down or removed from the cluster and so on. To cope with such situation, the leadership transfer function is formally specified with the TLA+ language and verified with the TLC Model Checker to prove its correctness. And then the codes of the leadership transfer implemented in OpenDaylight are analyzed. In the end, the measured time of reelection and time of leadership transfer proves that the availability of the cluster is heightened when the Leader is asked to shut down.

Cerasus dielsiana (Rosaceae) is one of the most characteristic wild flowering cherry species endemic to subtropical China, with high conservation value from ornamental, economic, and ecological perspectives. To verify its spatial genetic structure and phylogeographic history, evaluation of nuclear (ITS) sequence variation in 203 individuals from 25 wild populations across its natural distribution ranges was conducted. High levels of ribotypes and nuclear diversity (Hd = 0.879 ± 0.012, π = 3.56 ± 0.16) were detected at the species level. Spatial analysis of molecular variation (SAMOVA), median-joining network and phylogenetic Neighbour-joining tree assigned the populations into four genetically distinct groups. Meanwhile, high levels of genetic differentiation among populations and strong phylogeographic patterns (Nst = 0.837 > Gst = 0.585; P C. dielsiana, and at least three potential in situ glacial refugia as well as recent demographic expansion in eastern region have been detected. Collectively, we highlight that the combined effect of natural selection and random genetic drift under complex topography and palaeoclimatic oscillations since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in subtropical China might have been the main driver to the species’ allopatric differentiation. Scientific conservation and sustainable utilization for wild C. dielsiana germplasm resources were subsequently proposed.

Defect detection is a largely critical step in the production of rubber rings. This paper presents a algorithm of edge detection based on digital image processing. Firstly, the target image should be preprocessed to eliminate noise; secondly, the Sobel operator is used for edge detection, and thirdly these images are dilated by an algorithm of mathematical morphology, and are emulated by the MATLAB software. The result indicates that this algorithm functions well in repairing fissures between fine defects, enhances the brightness of images, and has a better detection precision.

Conclusions are drawn based on the research of the complex network's features and propagation models of viruses and the contrastive study of several immune techniques commonly-used in the complex network, which are that different immune techniques should be applied in line with different networks and virus models, and that in the scale-free network, targets immune and acquaintances immune are much better than random immune, and targets immune is slightly better than acquaintances immune.

Two new diterpenoids nervosanin A and nervosanin B were isolated, together with the known neorabdosin, nervosin, odonicin, effusanin A and effusanin E, from the leaves of Isodon nervosus and their structures were elucidated from spectral and chemical evidence.

Background: Aim: To update the incidence of vaginal cuff related complications after different modes of hysterectomy and their management. Methods: The study was conducted in Jingzhou central hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. Patient’s case files were reviewed who had undergone Hysterectomy from 1st Jan. 2013 - 31st Dec. 2014. The incidence of vaginal cuff related complications were retrospectively evaluated by different approaches. Data were collected according to our inclusion criteria and statistically analyzed its significance (P