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The continuous process for the production of insoluble sulfur (IS) has been developed to overcome the disadvantages associated with the traditional batch process, such as low automation, discontinuous production, and high consumption of sulfur and CS2. The consumption of CS2 in the continuous process is lower than that in the batch process. The recovery of solvent facilitates the recycling of CS2 and N2 in addition to the closed circulation of the entire system. The key process and recovery parameters of the IS synthesis were simulated using Aspen Plus. Sulfur was completely recovered after high-temperature pyrolysis, and the utilization ratio of sulfur atoms was increased from approximately 50% to more than 95%. Tail gas was comprehensively utilized through compression and cryogenic green treatment. Based on the developed green synthesis process and simulated process parameters, the continuous production of IS was evaluated on an industrial scale of 10,000 metric tonnes. Owing to the continuous characteristics of the production process, the air tightness of the production process was significantly improved, and the quality of the product was more stable than that of the product obtained by the current domestic batch process. The unconverted sulfur could be recycled after recovery, without low-grade sulfur as a by-product. The amount of sulfur used as raw material per unit product was reduced; the comprehensive conversion rate of sulfur to IS exceeded 95%, which significantly improved the utilization rate of sulfur atoms. Through the compression and condensation of the tail gas, the recovery efficiency of CS2 was considerably improved at the same temperature, and compressed N2 could be simultaneously obtained. The liquefaction rate of CS2 approached 91.78%, which was characterized by obvious greening.

Co-condensation of mixed SiGe nanoclusters and impingement of SiGe nanoclusters on a Si substrate were applied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in this study to mimic the fast epitaxial growth of SiGe/Si heterostructures under mesoplasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions. The condensation dynamics and properties of the SiGe nanoclusters during the simulations were investigated first, and then the impingement of transient SiGe nanoclusters on both Si smooth and trench substrate surfaces under varying conditions was studied theoretically. The results show that the mixed nanoclusters as precursors demonstrate potential for enhancing epitaxial SiGe film growth at a high growth rate, owing to their loosely bound atomic structures and high mobility on the substrate surface. By varying cluster sizes and substrate temperatures, this study also reveals that smaller clusters and higher substrate temperatures contribute to faster structural ordering and smoother surface morphologies. Furthermore, the formed layers display a consistent SiGe composition, closely aligning with nominal values, and the cluster-assisted deposition method achieves the epitaxial bridging of heterostructures during cluster impingement, highlighting its additional distinctive characteristics. The implications of this work make it clear that the mechanism of fast alloyed epitaxial film growth by cluster-assisted mesoplasma CVD is critical for extending it as a versatile platform for synthesizing various epitaxial films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the molecular mechanism of Micropterus salmoides subjected to ammonia nitrogen stress, the HiSeq sequencing strategy of Illumina platform was used to analyze the gene expression profiles in the liver of M. salmoides at 12h ammonia nitrogen stress (12h) and 24h ammonia stress (24h). We obtained 111.66 Gb of valid data and assembled a total of 133486 unigenes with N50 value of 1000 bp. Comparative transcriptional analysis identified 2072 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at two time points. Specifically, 1516 DEGs were obtained at 12h, consisting of 907 up-regulated and 609 down-regulated genes, while 556 DEGs were obtained at 24h, with 330 up-regulated and 226 down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the number of DEGs enriched at 12h was significantly higher than that at 24h, but there were more DEGs related to "Oxidoreductase activity" at 24h. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis related pathways. Subsequently, ten DEGs were selected for qPCR validation, and their expression levels were consistent with the sequencing analysis results, demonstrating the reliability of the sequencing data. Notably, the oxidative stress related gene Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 a (HIF1 a), Growth arrest DNA damage inducible protein 45P (Gadd45 P), DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), autophagy related gene microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and apoptosis downstream related gene endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreduclin1a (Ero1 a) displayed significant upregulated throughout the entire process of ammonia nitrogen stress. In summary, ammonia nitrogen stress could cause oxidative stress response in the liver of M. salmoides, while the damaged cells were eliminated by autophagy and apoptosis when the body's regulatory role is insufficient to maintain internal environmental stability. The genes and pathways identified in this study will facilitate further investigations into the molecular mechanisms behind the tolerance of M. salmoides to ammonia stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a commonly occurring primary malignant bone cancer with serious impact and high mortality, yet effective and safe therapy method not available. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the antitumor effect of telmisartan on human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and its underlying mechanism. The proliferation effect of osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8. The invasive and migratory capabilities were determined by transwell invasion and migration assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis and proteins related to apoptosis including Bax, Bcl-2 and Cleaved Caspase-3 were examined by western blotting. The expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling relevant molecules were detected by western blot assay. Telmisartan treatment caused dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and inducing anti-migration, anti-invasiveness and apoptosis of U2OS cells. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed concurring with the altered expression of proteins associated with the apoptosis. Mechanistically, telmisartan suppresses mTOR activation. Telmisartan can impede the growth, invasion, migration and induce the apoptosis of U2OS cell probably through inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway activation. Thus, telmisartan is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of human osteosarcomal cancer.

Concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) uses the stream control transmission protocol's (SCTP) multihoming feature to distribute data across multiple end-to-end paths in a multihomed SCTP association. Due to the disparity of multipaths, it is facing a great challenge to solve the disorder of received data packets. In order to lighten the reordering degree and then to improve the through-put performance, we need to estimate the bandwidth and round trip time (RTT) of the real-time paths as exactly as possible. In this paper, we use the extended vector Kalman filter to predict the available bandwidth and RTT of each path simultaneously. Based on this, we propose a predictive path selection algorithm for CMT in SCTP. Simulation results show that the path selection algorithm can lessen the data packets disordering by correctly predicting each path's bandwidth and RTT in real time. To bandwidth sensitive scene,the algorithm can converge more quickly than Kalman-CMT and can improve the system total throughput in a certain extent. To time and bandwidth sensitive scene, the algorithm can greatly improve the convergence speed and total throughput than Kalman-CMT.

Key message: Our study elucidated that Q. dentata responds to Na2CO3 stress by excreting salt on the blade, accumulating osmotic protectants, and changing the cell ultrastructure and physiological-biochemical parameters of leaves. Quercus dentata Thunb is an important constructive species in the forest communities of the mountainous areas of northern China with high ecological and landscape value. However, soil salinization prevents the use of Q. dentata in the North China Plain. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how Q. dentata responds to saline-alkaline stress. Here, Q. dentata seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of an alkaline salt (Na2CO3) to determine the effects on leaf mesophyll cell ultrastructure and physiological-biochemical parameters. We first discovered crystallized deposits on the pressure side of Q. dentata leaf blades after the 100 mM Na2CO3 treatment. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the main component of the crystal deposits was sodium ions. However, no salt glands or bladders were detected in Q. dentata leaves. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the mesophyll cells changed as stress duration increased, and the number and size of the chloroplasts were limited by partial disintegration. The results also show that Na2CO3-stressed Q. dentata plants displayed increased soluble sugar and proline contents. Additionally, the low-concentration Na2CO3 stress slightly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In summary, the results show that the cell structure of Q. dentata leaves was damaged by Na2CO3 stress. However, accumulating osmoprotectants and the excretion of salt onto the leaf blades enhanced saline-alkaline stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging "one stone, three birds" strategy was proposed to realize the value‐added disposal of solid waste coal gangue (CG), the synthesis of superb adsorbent and the efficient decontamination of pollutants (i. e. dyes, heavy metals). In this process, the metal ions extrated from calcined coal gangue (CCG) was reconstituted by a one‐step hydrothermal process to yield porous polymetallic silicate adsorbent (named HECCGA8h). The adsorbent has a high adsorption capacity of 270.27 and 185.53 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) and Cd(II), respectively. In the actual waters, the removal rate of MB by this adsorbent reaches 99.8% (in Yangtze River water) and 99.42% (in Seawater), and the removal rate of Cd(II) reaches 99.11% (in Yangtze River water) and 92.52% (in Seawater), respectively. Thermokinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of MB by HECCGA8h is spontaneous and endothermic with increased entropy, and the adsorption of Cd(II) is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption of MB is mainly driven by synergism of hydrogen bond, electrostatic attraction and ion exchange, and the adsorption of Cd(II) is mainly driven by the complexation and ion exchange between the surface group of the adsorbent and Cd(II). This research provides a new way for the realization of "treating waste with waste". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]