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Large structural variants (SVs) in the human genome are difficult to detect and study by conventional sequencing technologies. With long-range genome analysis platforms, such as optical mapping, one can identify large SVs (>2 kb) across the genome in one experiment. Analyzing optical genome maps of 154 individuals from the 26 populations sequenced in the 1000 Genomes Project, we find that phylogenetic population patterns of large SVs are similar to those of single nucleotide variations in 86% of the human genome, while ~2% of the genome has high structural complexity. We are able to characterize SVs in many intractable regions of the genome, including segmental duplications and subtelomeric, pericentromeric, and acrocentric areas. In addition, we discover ~60 Mb of non-redundant genome content missing in the reference genome sequence assembly. Our results highlight the need for a comprehensive set of alternate haplotypes from different populations to represent SV patterns in the genome.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, regulatory RNAs that play important roles in abiotic stress responses in plants, but their regulatory roles in the adaptive response to heat stress at the booting stage in two rice varieties, 9311 and Nagina 22, remain largely unknown. In this study, 464 known miRNAs and 123 potential novel miRNAs were identified. Of these miRNAs, a total of 90 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained with 9311 libraries as the control group, of which 54 were upregulated and 36 were downregulated. To gain insight into functional significance, 2773 potential target genes of these 90 differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. GO enrichment analysis showed that the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs included NACs, LACs, CSD, and Hsp40. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The expression levels of 10 differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes obtained by qRT-PCR were largely consistent with the sequencing results. This study lays a foundation for the elucidation of the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in rice at elevated temperatures. Key words: rice, heat-responsive, microRNA, target gene, booting stage, high-throughput sequencing. Les microARN (miARN) sont de petits ARN non-codants impliques dans la regulation genique et jouant des roles importants dans la reponse aux stress abiotiques chez les plantes. Cependant, leur role dans l'adaptation au stress thermique au stade de l'epiaison chez deux varietes de riz (9311 et Nagina 22) demeure largement inconnu. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont identifie 464 miARN connus et 123 miARN potentiellement inedits. Parmi ces miARN, 90 ont presente une expression differentielle au sein d'une librairie ou 9311 etait employe comme temoin; 54 etant exprimes plus fortement et 36 plus faiblement. Pour jeter un eclairage sur leur signification fonctionnelle, les auteurs ont identifie 2773 genes potentiellement cibles par ces 90 miARN exprimes de maniere differentielle. Une analyse d'enrichissement GO a montre que les genes predits comme etant des cibles de ces miARN incluaient des NAC, LAC, CSD et Hsp40. Une analyse des sentiers KEGG a montre que le catalogue de genes-cibles etait significativement enrichi en genes impliques dans le sentier de transduction du signal des regulateurs de croissance. Les niveaux d'expression de 10 miARN exprimes de maniere differentielle et de leurs genes-cibles ont ete quantifies par qRT-PCR et les resultats etaient largement en accord avec les resultats du sequencage. Cette etude fournit une assise de connaissance pour elucider les mecanismes de regulation fondes sur les miARN qui sont en cause dans la reponse du riz aux temperatures elevees. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : riz, thermosensible, microARN, gene-cible, stade de l'epiaison, sequencage a haut debit., Introduction Climate change is a severe challenge for global agriculture in the 21st century. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2013), the globally averaged combined land and [...]

The benchmark comparative price between global seaborne iron ore and Chinese domestic iron ore is based on free on board (FOB) or cost, insurance and freight (CIF), resulting in imprecise market pressure price estimation for Chinese domestic iron ore, due to the lack of the breakeven operating cost. To clarify the quantitative data of breakeven operating cost of iron ore products by tier-1 producers, systematic study has been carried out in terms of high-grade hematite enriched mineralization characteristics and typical iron ore products by different enriched types from banded iron formation (BIF) in Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. At the same time, the itabirite-type hematite ore in Brazil is introduced as a control to analyze the economic indicators of typical high grade hematite ore. Based on the previous research results, the enriched mineralization types of high grade hematite associated with BIF in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia, are classified into Martite-Goethite, Microplaty Hematite and channel iron deposit (CID) type hematite; and in the Iron Quadrangle, Brazil, they are mainly itabirite-type hematite. Brazilian iron is grouped into itabirite type hematite. The iron content of the iron ore products corresponding to each mineralization type is higher than 56%. On the impurity element content, the pseudo-hematite-goethite has high phosphorus content, whereas micro-plate hematite has high phosphorus and sulfur. The river sedimentary hematite has lower phosphorus and sulfur contents, whereas itabirite type hematite contains Mn. Representative global iron ore producers, including Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) and Vale, have reached the breakeven operating cost of 34.66, 36.76, 47.35 and 38.07 ＄/dmt, respectively, which could offer the OPEX cost reference for development of Chinese overseas iron ore equity projects..

The complexity of algebraic operation methods on Galois fields was analyzed and the operation mechanism of linear network coding was anatomized.Based on deterministic network coding data transmission and random network coding data transmission for single-source multicast connection,the mathematic model had been created to estimate the computation cost of linear network coding and the relationship between operation cost and environmental parameters had been revealed.The key factors of affecting the operation cost were also analyzed.The analysis results indicate that computation cost can be decreased through properly choosing environment parameters.Numerical calculation and simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the proposed model and validate the theoretical analysis.

A novel retransmission approach in wireless broadcasting based on network coding（NCWBR） was presented, the key point of which was to combine different lost packets with network coding to achieve high efficient retransmission.Theoretical analysis reveals that the approach can ensure the solvability in the receiver nodes, and has better retransmission performance.Simulation results indicate that, comparing with existing approach, NWCBR can effectively reduce the average number of transmissions and improve the transmission efficiency.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate key long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network associated with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Materials and Methods: Three mRNA datasets, two miRNA datasets, and one lncRNA dataset of LSCC were downloaded from GEO database. Following the identification of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), (microRNAs) miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in LSCC compared with adjacent tissues, functional enrichment of DEmRNAs was performed. Then, construction of the ceRNA (DElncRNA‐DEmiRNA‐DEmRNA) regulatory network and functional analyses of all DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory network were conducted. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reactions (qRT‐PCR) were used to detect the expression levels of selected DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DElncRNAs. Results: A total of 3449 DEmRNAs, 40 DEmiRNAs, and 100 DElncRNAs were identified in LSCC. The ceRNA networks, which contained 132 DElncRNA‐DEmiRNA pairs and 287 DEmiRNA‐DEmRNA pairs, involving 44 lncRNAs, 3 miRNAs, and 271 mRNAs, were obtained. DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory networks were significantly enriched in pathways in cancer, prostate cancer, and aldosterone‐regulated sodium reabsorption. Except for HCG22 and hsa‐miR‐1246, expressions of the others in the qRT‐PCR results played the same pattern with that in our integrated analysis, generally. Conclusions: We concluded that HCG22/EGOT‐hsa‐miR‐1275‐FAM107A and HCG22/EGOT‐hsa‐miR‐1246‐Glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like interaction pairs may play a central role in LSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]