Search

BackgroundMobile health (mHealth) interventions offer great potential to reach large populations and improve public health. However, high attrition rates threaten evaluation and implementation of mHealth intervention studies. ObjectiveWe explored factors associated with attrition of study participants in an mHealth randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an intervention to reduce unintentional child injury risk in China. MethodsThe cluster RCT compared two groups of an app-based intervention for caregivers of 3-6–year-old children (Bao Hu San). The intervention group received unintentional child injury and parenting education, whereas only parenting education was implemented in the control group. The trial included 2920 study participants in Changsha, China, and lasted 6 months. Data on participant engagement (using the app) were collected electronically throughout the 6-month period. Associations between participant attrition and demographic characteristics, and between attrition and intervention engagement were tested and quantified separately for the intervention and control groups using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) based on generalized linear mixed models. ResultsIn total, 2920 caregivers from 20 eligible preschools participated, with 1510 in the intervention group and 1410 in the control group. The 6-month attrition rate differed significantly between the two groups (P

Objective To evaluate the precision and dependability of road traffic mortality data recorded in the World Health Organization Mortality Database and investigate how uncorrected data influence vital mortality statistics used in traffic safety programmes worldwide. Methods We assessed country and territory-specific data quality from 2015 to 2020 by calculating the proportions of five types of nonspecific cause of death codes related to road traffic mortality. We compared age-adjusted road traffic mortality and changes in the average annual mortality rate before and after correcting the deaths with nonspecific codes. We generated road traffic mortality projections with both corrected and uncorrected codes, and redistributed the data using the proportionate method. Findings We analysed data from 124 countries and territories with at least one year of mortality data from 2015 to 2020. The number of countries and territories reporting more than 20% of deaths with ill-defined or unknown cause was 2; countries reporting injury deaths with undetermined intent was 3; countries reporting unspecified unintentional injury deaths was 21; countries reporting unspecified transport crash deaths was 3; and countries reporting unspecified unintentional road traffic deaths was 30. After redistributing deaths with nonspecific codes, road traffic mortality changed by greater than 50% in 7% (5/73) to 18% (9/51) of countries and territories. Conclusion Nonspecific codes led to inaccurate mortality estimates in many countries. We recommend that injury researchers and policymakers acknowledge the potential pitfalls of relying on raw or uncorrected road traffic mortality data and instead use corrected data to ensure more accurate estimates when improving road traffic safety programmes. Objectif Determiner le niveau de precision et de fiabilite des informations concernant le nombre de deces lies aux accidents de la route enregistrees dans la base de donnees de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante sur la mortalite, mais aussi etudier l'influence des donnees non corrigees sur les statistiques de mortalite, qui jouent un role essentiel dans les programmes de securite routiere a travers le monde. Methodes Nous avons evalue la qualite des donnees propres a chaque pays et territoire entre 2015 et 2020 en calculant la proportion que representent cinq types de codes non specifiques relatifs aux causes de deces dans des accidents de la route. Nous avons compare la mortalite routiere selon l'age et l'evolution du taux de mortalite annuel moyen avant et apres avoir corrige les deces portant des codes non specifiques. Pour terminer, nous avons genere des projections en matiere de mortalite routiere a l'aide des codes corriges et non corriges, puis redistribue les donnees par integration proportionnelle. Resultats Nous avons analyse les donnees issues de 124 pays et territoires, avec au moins un an de donnees de mortalite entre 2015 et 2020. Deux pays et territoires mentionnaient plus de 20% de deces imputables a des causes inconnues ou mal definies ; trois pays signalaient des deces dus a des blessures non intentionnelles ; 21 faisaient etat de blessures mortelles non intentionnelles et non specifiees ; trois ne precisaient pas le type de vehicule implique dans les collisions mortelles ; et enfin, 30 pays rapportaient des accidents de la route mortels, indetermines et involontaires. Apres redistribution des deces munis de codes non specifiques, le taux de mortalite routiere a change de plus de 50% dans 7% (5/73) a 18% (9/51) des pays et territoires. Conclusion L'emploi de codes non specifiques a entraine une mauvaise estimation de la mortalite dans de nombreux pays. Nous recommandons aux responsables politiques et chercheurs actifs dans le domaine des traumatismes de tenir compte des eventuels pieges que recele l'usage de donnees brutes ou non corrigees sur la mortalite routiere, et leur conseillons de se fonder sur des donnees corrigees afin d'obtenir des estimations plus precises pour l'amelioration des programmes de securite routiere. Objetivo Evaluar la precision y la fiabilidad de los datos sobre mortalidad por accidentes de trafico registrados en la Base de datos sobre mortalidad de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Asimismo, investigar como los datos incorrectos influyen en las estadisticas vitales sobre mortalidad utilizadas en programas de seguridad vial a nivel mundial. Metodos Evaluamos la calidad de los datos en funcion del pais y del territorio desde 2015 a 2020 calculando los porcentajes de cinco tipos de codigos de fallecimientos sin causa especifica relacionados con la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico. Comparamos la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico en funcion de la edad, asi como los cambios en el indice medio anual de mortalidad antes y despues de corregir los fallecimientos con codigos no especificos. Generamos las proyecciones de mortalidad por accidentes de trafico con codigos corregidos y sin corregir, y distribuimos de nuevo los datos utilizando el metodo proporcional. Resultados Analizamos los datos correspondientes a 124 paises y territorios que contaban con datos sobre mortalidad de al menos un ano, del periodo comprendido entre 2015 y 2020. El numero de paises y territorios que notificaron mas de un 20% de fallecimientos por causas imprecisas o desconocidas fue de 2; los paises que notificaron fallecimientos por lesiones con intencionalidad indeterminada fueron 3; los paises que notificaron fallecimientos por lesiones no intencionadas y no especificadas fueron 21; los paises que notificaron fallecimientos no especificados en accidentes de transporte fueron 3; y los paises que notificaron fallecimientos no especificados y no intencionados en accidentes de trafico fueron 30. Tras redistribuir los fallecimientos con codigos no especificos, la mortalidad por accidentes de trafico cambio en mas de un 50% en un intervalo del 7% (5/73) al 18% (9/51) de los paises y territorios. Conclusion Los codigos no especificos dieron lugar a estimaciones imprecisas sobre mortalidad en numerosos paises. Instamos a que los investigadores y los responsables de politicas de lesiones reconozcan las potenciales deficiencias que supone el hecho de basarse en datos no tratados ni corregidos, y a que, en lugar de eso, utilicen datos corregidos con el fin de garantizar estimaciones mas precisas a la hora de mejorar los programas sobre seguridad vial. [phrase omitted], Introduction Globally, road traffic crashes cause approximately 1.3 million preventable deaths and 50 million injuries each year. (1) In 2021, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly resolution 74/299 committed to [...]

A novel strategy for the synthesis of quinolin-2(1H)-one and its related derivatives is described. The light-induced Zn-catalyzed isomerization of quinoline-N-oxides proceeds smoothly to afford 2-quinolinones in satisfactory to high yields. Control experiments and computational studies demonstrate that this photochemical isomerization reaction proceeds through an intramolecular hydrogen and oxygen transfer reaction, ensuring 100% atomic economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to simultaneously improved the proton conductivity and mechanical strength is a key problem facing currently used proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Herein, a solid inorganic superacid‐zirconium phosphate (ZrP) with a two‐dimensional layer structure was combined with one‐dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to prepare hybrid nanofiller ZrP‐CNTs by an in situ chemical deposition method. The new hybrid nanofiller was then applied to modify sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), a widely used PEM matrix, to obtain a series of composite membranes. The structure and properties of the membranes were fully characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TG, tensile properties, and proton conductivity. The results showed that the proton conductivities of the membranes were significantly improved due to the addition of super solid acid‐ZrP that has abundant proton sources or proton sites. Moreover, the composite membranes exhibited better mechanical properties and thermal stability than those of pure SPEEK membrane, owing to the great interface interaction and good compatibility between ZrP‐CNTs and SPEEK. The composite membrane (2 wt% ZrP‐CNTs) demonstrated the optimal comprehensive performance. Its proton conductivity was 36.63 mS cm−1 and its tensile strength was 37.56 MPa, which was 70% and 10%, respectively, higher than those of the pure SPEEK membrane under the same condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation and physicochemical properties of kidney stones (KSs) are closely associated with diet. In view of the differences in ethnicity and dietary composition between Chinese and Western populations, the present study aimed to investigate the association between intestinal dysbacteriosis and KSs in China. The current study examined the differences in intestinal microbes between the KS disease (KSD) and the healthy control (HLT) groups, and statistically significant differences based on 16s rRNA gene amplicons were identified using a Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA. In addition, the calcium oxalate KS (COKS), uric acid KS (UAKS) and carbonate apatite KS(CCKS) groups were compared with a non-parametric statistical test. Determination of bacterial abundance was performed via the analysis of 16s rRNA marker gene sequences using next-generation sequencing. Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroides (B) levels were significantly higher in the KSD group compared with the HLT group (B/F=0.67 vs. 0.08; P<0.001), as were the overall levels of B (6.19-fold higher compared with the HLT group; 22.2 vs. 3.6%; P<0.001). The Prevotella-9 abundance levels in the KSD group were 4.65-fold higher compared with those in the HLT group (8.8 vs. 1.9%; P<0.001). The levels of Blautia and Lachnoclostridium were significantly decreased in the KSD group (13.3 vs. 6.0%; and 5.0 vs. 7.9%; both P<0.05). Moreover, Prevotella-9 levels were higher in non-calciferous KSs (UAKS) compared with calciferous KSs (COKS and CCKS). Therefore, the findings of the present study indicated a key association between specific KS components and intestinal flora, providing a theoretical basis for new treatment methods for KSs. Moreover, differences and interactions between these bacteria could initially predict specific types of urolithiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MiR-216a, a tumor-related microRNA (miRNA), has been reported to be implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of diverse types of human malignancies; however, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the biological role of miR-216a in RCC and clarify the potential mechanisms involved. In the present study, miR-216a was found to be significantly down-regulated in both RCC tissues and cell lines. Functional studies demonstrated that enhanced expression of miR-216a suppressed RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro , inhibited tumor growth in vivo , and induced RCC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the tumor-suppressing effects of miR-216a in RCC were abrogated by the miR-216a inhibitor treatment. Notably, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was downregulated by miR-216a via direct binding to its 3' untranslated region in RCC cells. Furthermore, TLR4 expression was discovered to be markedly up-regulated and inversely correlated with miR-216a expression in RCC tissues. Mechanistic studies revealed that restoring the expression of TLR-4 alleviated miR-216a-induced inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-216a functions as a tumor suppressor in RCC by directly targeting TLR4 and that miR-216a might be a novel therapeutic target for RCC., Competing Interests: None.

In the title compound, C(18)H(24)NO(2) (+)·Cl(-), the absolute configuration of the new stereogenic centre (the C atom with a CH(2)OH substituent) was unambiguously determined to have an R configuration. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 30.82 (2)°. Inter-molecular N-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal structure.