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Due to the influence of terrigenous debris, the internal pore structure of continental shale is highly heterogeneous, and the controlling factors are complex. This paper studies the structure and controlling factors of shale reservoirs in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Southern Songliao Basin using core data and various analytical test data. The results show that the original deposition and subsequent diagenesis comprehensively determine the shale reservoirs' pore structure characteristics and evolution law. According to the severity of terrigenous debris, the shale reservoirs in the study area are divided into four categories and six subcategories of lithofacies. By comparing the characteristics of different shale lithofacies reservoirs, the results show that the lithofacies with a high brittle mineral content have more substantial anti-compaction effects, more primary pores to promote retention and a relatively high proportion of mesopores/macropores. Controlling the organic matter content when forming high-quality reservoirs leads to two possibilities. An excessive organic matter content will fill pores and reduce the pore pressure resistance. A moderate organic matter content will make the inorganic diagenesis and organic hydrocarbon generation processes interact, and the development of organic matter mainly affects the development of dissolution pores. The comprehensive results show that A3 (silty laminated felsic shale) reservoirs underwent the pore evolution process of "two drops and two rises" of compaction, cementation and pore reduction, dissolution and pore increase, and organic matter cracking and pore increase, and they are the most favourable lithofacies of the shale reservoirs in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, paper‐based functional materials have received extensive attention in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of rich and adjustable porous network structure and good flexibility. As an important energy storage device, paper‐based supercapacitors have important application prospects in many fields and have also received extensive attention from researchers in recent years. At present, researchers have modified and regulated paper‐based materials by different means such as structural design and material composition to enhance their electrochemical storage capacity. The development of paper‐based supercapacitors provides an important direction for the development of green and sustainable energy. Therefore, it is of great significance to summarize the relevant work of paper‐based supercapacitors for their rapid development and application. In this review, the recent research progress of paper‐based supercapacitors based on cellulose was summarized in terms of various cellulose‐based composites, preparation skills, and electrochemical performance. Finally, some opinions on the problems in the development of this field and the future development trend were proposed. It is hoped that this review can provide valuable references and ideas for the rapid development of paper‐based energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushroom, as a popular kind of wild edible fungi, has raised the attention of many scientists around the globe, due to the fact that increasing numbers of fatal mushroom poisoning cases worldwide have been reported each year. Therefore, to overcome the issue of fatality of mushrooms with an attempt to help people prevent mushroom poisoning, studying mushroom toxicology has become a significant topic to many biochemists; a growing number of researches are conducted focusing on mushroom toxins as well as their chemical properties and toxicity mechanism. In this review, properties and mechanisms of three major toxins (amatoxin, antamanide, muscarine) are chosen as the research focus. The three major toxins, which are extracted from wild mushrooms, will be summarized and studied based on past research findings. Our goals are trying to find possible treatments of each toxin as well as their potential usage in the pharmaceutical industry, which can be especially beneficial towards research of mushroom-extracted drug and food-poisoning toxicity treatment for further investigation and academic references.

Recently, with the continuous development of human society and the continuous innovation of technologies, the intelligence era has arrived. Various intelligent electronic devices continue to be developed, in which flexible wearable electronic devices are highly favored by people. To meet the requirements of the normal operation of intelligent devices, the key point lies in the development of new smart energy storage devices. Accordingly, smart supercapacitors have been widely focused on and studied by researchers recently with the introduction of intelligent functions, such as electrochromism, self‐healing, and shape memory, into supercapacitors to broaden their application fields and promote their smart development. This can meet not only people's energy needs but also people's diverse personality needs and make our life more convenient, fast, and more intelligent than ever. Therefore, it is very important to summarize related work on smart supercapacitors. Although researchers have performed much research on smart supercapacitors, there is still little literature summary on the related work of different smart supercapacitors. Accordingly, this paper mainly introduces the research progress on electrochromic, self‐healing, shape memory, and self‐charging smart supercapacitors in recent years and discusses the development prospects and challenges of smart supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida albicans is a normal resident of humans and also a prevalent fungal pathogen. Lactate, a nonfermentative carbon source available in numerous anatomical niches, can be used by C. albicans as a carbon source. However, the key regulator(s) involved in this process remain unknown. Here, through a genetic screen, we report the identification of a transcription factor Zcf24 that is specifically required for lactate utilization in C. albicans. Zcf24 is responsible for the induction of CYB2, a gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase that is essential for lactate catabolism, in response to lactate. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed a significantly higher signal of Zcf24 on the CYB2 promoter in lactate‐grown cells than that in glucose‐grown cells. Genome‐wide transcription profiling indicates that, in addition to CYB2, Zcf24 regulates genes involved in the β‐oxidation of fatty acids, iron transport, and drug transport. Surprisingly, deleting ZCF24 confers enhanced commensal fitness. This could be attributed to Crz1‐activated β‐glucan masking in the zcf24 mutant. The orthologs of Zcf24 are distributed in species most closely to C. albicans and some filamentous fungal species. Altogether, Zcf24 is the first transcription factor identified to date that regulates lactate catabolism in C. albicans and it is also involved in the regulation of commensalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]