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Background and Aims Understanding adaptive genetic variation and whether it can keep pace with predicted future climate change is critical in assessing the genetic vulnerability of species and developing conservation management strategies. The lack of information on adaptive genetic variation in relict species carrying abundant genetic resources hinders the assessment of genetic vulnerability. Using a landscape genomics approach, this study aimed to determine how adaptive genetic variation shapes population divergence and to predict the adaptive potential of Pterocarya macroptera (a vulnerable relict species in China) under future climate scenarios. Methods We applied restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to obtain 8244 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 160 individuals across 28 populations. We examined the pattern of genetic diversity and divergence, and then identified outliers by genetic differentiation (F ST) and genotype–environment association (GEA) methods. We further dissected the effect of geographical/environmental gradients on genetic variation. Finally, we predicted genetic vulnerability and adaptive risk under future climate scenarios. Key Results We identified three genetic lineages within P. macroptera : the Qinling-Daba-Tianmu Mountains (QDT), Western Sichuan (WS) and Northwest Yunnan (NWY) lineages, which showed significant signals of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE). IBD and IBE explained 3.7–5.7 and 8.6–12.8 % of the genetic structure, respectively. The identified GEA SNP-related genes were involved in chemical defence and gene regulation and may exhibit higher genetic variation to adapt to the environment. Gradient forest analysis revealed that the genetic variation was mainly shaped by temperature-related variables, indicating its adaptation to local thermal environments. A limited adaptive potential was suggested by the high levels of genetic vulnerability in marginal populations. Conclusions Environmental gradient mainly shaped the population differentiation of P. macroptera. Marginal populations may be at high risk of extinction, and thus proactive management measures, such as assisted gene flow, are required to ensure the survival of these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Anthropocene, biodiversity loss owing to human activity and climate change has worsened. Quercus gilva is an evergreen oak species native to China, Japan, and South Korea and is threatened by a long history of human impact. The purpose of this study was to (1) reassess the threatened category of Q. gilva based on a detailed survey, and (2) identify the genetic structure and diversity of Q. gilva based on genomic data. First, we conducted a detailed survey of the populations in China. Second, we collated all the literature and information. Finally, genome-wide genetic variation was analyzed based on 65 individuals from 22 populations. We found that Q. gilva has suffered rapid population decline, and at present, most populations are very small. The evolutionary path of Q. gilva was from the southwest to east of China and then to Japan and South Korea. Quercus gilva showed no distinct genetic structure and had a relatively low genetic diversity. Among the 22 populations, most populations in southwestern China, South Korea, and Japan had high genetic diversity. The populations in Jingning (Zhejiang province; ZJN), Wuyuan (Jinaxi province; JWY), and Zherong (Fujian province; FZR) suffered a strong bottleneck. In conclusion, Q. gilva is an endangered species native to East Asia. Because of the very low genetic diversity of Q. gilva and most populations are small, we need to (1) strengthen the protection of this species, (2) conduct conservation actions with in-situ reinforcement populations, and (3) select populations with high genetic diversity as provenances for afforestation efforts. Finally, we suggest that in the future, genetic diversity should be considered as the sixth criterion for IUCN to evaluate the threatened category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus litseoides, an endangered montane cloud forest species, is endemic to southern China. To understand the genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and molecular evolution of Q. litseoides, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome was analyzed and compared in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis. The cp genome of Q. litseoides was 160,782 bp in length, with an overall guanine and cytosine (GC) content of 36.9%. It contained 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. A total of 165 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 48 long sequence repeats with A/T bias were identified in the Q. litseoides cp genome, which were mainly distributed in the large single copy region (LSC) and intergenic spacer regions. The Q. litseoides cp genome was similar in size, gene composition, and linearity of the structural region to those of Quercus species. The non-coding regions were more divergent than the coding regions, and the LSC region and small single copy region (SSC) were more divergent than the inverted repeat regions (IRs). Among the 13 divergent regions, 11 were in the LSC region, and only two were in the SSC region. Moreover, the coding sequence (CDS) of the six protein-coding genes (rps12, matK, atpF, rpoC2, rpoC1, and ndhK) were subjected to positive selection pressure when pairwise comparison of 16 species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis. A close relationship between Q. litseoides and Quercus edithiae was found in the phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes. Our study provided highly effective molecular markers for subsequent phylogenetic analysis, species identification, and biogeographic analysis of Quercus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have significantly reduced the cost and improved the efficiency of obtaining single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, particularly through restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Meanwhile, the progression in whole genome sequencing has led to the utilization of an increasing number of reference genomes in SNP calling processes. This study utilized RAD-seq data from 242 individuals of Engelhardia roxburghiana , a tropical tree of the walnut family (Juglandaceae), with SNP calling conducted using the STACKS pipeline. We aimed to compare both reference-based approaches, namely, employing a closely related species as the reference genome versus the species itself as the reference genome, to evaluate their respective merits and limitations. Our findings indicate a substantial discrepancy in the number of obtained SNPs between using a closely related species as opposed to the species itself as reference genomes, the former yielded approximately an order of magnitude fewer SNPs compared to the latter. While the missing rate of individuals and sites of the final SNPs obtained in the two scenarios showed no significant difference. The results showed that using the reference genome of the species itself tends to be prioritized in RAD-seq studies. However, if this is unavailable, considering closely related genomes is feasible due to their wide applicability and low missing rate as alternatives. This study contributes to enrich the understanding of the impact of SNP acquisition when utilizing different reference genomes. • This study contributes to enrich the knowledge concerning the influence of SNP acquisition when employing different reference genomes. • The SNP counts vary based on the choice of reference genomes, with using the species itself yielding optimal results for SNP calling. • Whole-genome sequencing is called for to obtain more accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the prevailing model of galaxy formation and evolution, the process of gas accretion on to central galaxies undergoes a transition from cold-dominated to hot-dominated modes. This shift occurs when the mass of the parent dark matter haloes exceeds a critical threshold known as M shock. Moreover, cold gas usually flows on to central galaxies through filamentary structures, currently referred to as cold streams. However, the evolution of cold streams in haloes with masses around M shock, particularly how they are disrupted, remains unclear. To address this issue, we conduct a set of idealized hydrodynamic simulations. Our simulations show that (1) for a gas metallicity |$Z=0.001{\!-\!}0.1\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }$|⁠ , cold stream with an inflow rate |$\sim 3\, {\rm {M}_{\odot }}\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$| per each can persist and effectively transport cold and cool gas to the central region (<0.2 virial radius) in haloes with mass |$10^{12}\, {\rm {M}_{\odot }}$|⁠ , but is disrupted at a radius around 0.2 virial radius due to compression heating for haloes with mass |$3 \times 10^{12}\, {\rm {M}_{\odot }}$|⁠. (2) At z ∼ 2, the maximum halo mass that capable of hosting and sustaining cold streams M stream is between 1 × 1012 M⊙ and |$1.5\times 10^{12}\,\rm {{M}_{\odot }}$| for gas metallicity |${\it Z}=0.001\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }$|⁠ , while for a higher gas metallicity |${\it Z}=0.1\, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }$|⁠ , this value increases to |$\sim 1.5\times 10^{12}\,\rm {{M}_{\odot }}$|⁠. (3) The evolution and ultimate fate of cold streams are determined primarily by the rivalry between radiative cooling and compression. Stronger heating due to compression in haloes more massive than M stream can surpass cooling and heat the gas in cold streams to the hot (⁠|$\ge 10^6\,$|  K) phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The biomechanical and tendon-bone incorporation properties of allograft-augmented hybrid grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction compared with traditional autografts are unknown. Hypothesis: Using an autograft for ACL reconstruction yields better results on biomechanical testing, radiographic analysis, and histological evaluation versus using a hybrid graft. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 66 adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction with an autograft (AT group; n = 33) or a hybrid graft (HB group; n = 33). The grafts used in both groups were harvested from the peroneus longus tendon and were fixed by suturing to the surrounding periosteum. Samples were harvested for biomechanical testing, micro–computed tomography (CT), and histological evaluation at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Bone tunnels on the femoral and tibial sides were divided into 3 subregions: intra-articular (IA), midtunnel (MT), and extra-articular (EA). A cylinder-like volume of interest in the bone tunnel and a tubular-like volume of interest around the bone tunnel were used to evaluate new bone formation and bone remodeling, respectively, via micro-CT. Results: In the AT group, there were significantly higher failure loads and stiffness at 8 weeks (failure load: 3.04 ± 0.40 vs 2.09 ± 0.54 N, respectively; P =.006) (stiffness: 3.43 ± 0.56 vs 1.75 ± 0.52 N/mm, respectively; P <.001) and 12 weeks (failure load: 9.10 ± 1.13 vs 7.14 ± 0.94 N, respectively; P =.008) (stiffness: 4.45 ± 0.75 vs 3.36 ± 0.29 N/mm, respectively; P =.008) than in the HB group. With regard to new bone formation in the bone tunnel, in the AT group, the bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) was significantly higher than in the HB group on the tibial side at 8 weeks (IA: 22.21 ± 4.98 vs 5.16 ± 3.98, respectively; P <.001) (EA: 19.66 ± 7.19 vs 10.85 ± 2.16, respectively; P =.030) and 12 weeks (IA: 30.50 ± 5.04 vs 17.11 ± 7.31, respectively; P =.010) (MT: 21.15 ± 2.58 vs 15.55 ± 4.48, respectively; P =.041) (EA: 20.75 ± 3.87 vs 10.64 ± 3.94, respectively; P =.003). With regard to bone remodeling around the tunnel, the BV/TV was also significantly higher on the tibial side at 8 weeks (MT: 33.17 ± 8.05 vs 15.21 ± 7.60, respectively; P =.007) (EA: 25.19 ± 6.38 vs 13.94 ± 7.10, respectively; P =.030) and 12 weeks (IA: 69.46 ± 4.45 vs 47.80 ± 6.16, respectively; P <.001) (MT: 33.15 ± 3.88 vs 13.76 ± 4.07, respectively; P <.001) in the AT group than in the HB group. Sharpey-like fibers had formed at 8 weeks in the AT group. A large number of fibroblasts withdrew at 12 weeks. In the AT group, the width of the interface was significantly narrower at 4 weeks (85.86 ± 17.49 vs 182.97 ± 14.35 μm, respectively; P <.001), 8 weeks (58.86 ± 10.99 vs 90.15 ± 11.53 μm, respectively; P =.002), and 12 weeks (42.70 ± 7.96 vs 67.29 ± 6.55 μm, respectively; P =.001) than in the HB group. Conclusion: Using an autograft for ACL reconstruction may result in improved biomechanical properties and tendon-bone incorporation compared with a hybrid graft. Clinical Relevance: Augmenting small autografts with allograft tissue may result in decreased biomechanical performance and worse tendon-bone incorporation, increasing the risk of graft failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish a mouse model of proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO), and to determine if PFO could delay degeneration of the medial compartment of the knee joint in a mouse model.Methods: An animal model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was used to induce post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). PFO was performed to examine the effectiveness of PFO on protection against medial compartment knee OA. Micro-CT was used to observe osteosclerosis development in the subchondral bone, and Safranin O-fast green staining was used to evaluate the progression of articular cartilage destruction. The condylar-plateau angle (CPA) and anatomical femorotibial angle (aFTA) were measured to determine whether knee alignment was changed after PFO.Results: PFO treatment could decrease osteophyte formation and osteosclerosis development in the subchondral bone, as observed by micro-CT. The value of the ratio of trabecular bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) of DMM+PFO group was lower than that of DMM group. PFO also inhibited the progression of articular cartilage destruction. DMM + PFO group displayed decreased maximal and summed OA scores, as compared with DMM group. Moreover, the change of knee alignment was reduced by PFO, which might be the mechanism of PFO alleviating medial compartment knee OA.Conclusion: Our results indicated that PFO could alleviate medial compartment knee OA in a mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new oxidovanadium(V) complexes with formula [VOLL′], (L = L 1 = 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one for 1 , L = L 2 = 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one for 2 , and L′ = (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pivalohydrazide) have been prepared. The complexes have been characterized by single crystal X-ray determination. The V atom in each complex is coordinated by the NOO donor atoms of L′ and the OO donor atoms of L, and one oxido group, forming octahedral coordination. The complexes were administered intragastrically to both normal and STZ-diabetic mices for two weeks. The biological activity results show that the complexes at doses of 10.0 and 5.0 mg V·kg −1 , can significantly decrease the blood glucose level in STZ-diabetic mices, but the blood glucose level in the treated normal mices was not altered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[CuII(L)2.C12H10N2] with flufenamic acid (HL=C14H10F3NO2) and phenanthroline (C12H10N2O) was synthesized and characterized by C, H and N elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and, IR spectra. The urease inhibitory and antibacterial activities of the complex were tested. The complex showed strong inhibitory activity against jack bean urease with an IC50 value of 0.265 μM. Four bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and proteusbacillus vulgaris, were used in the antibacterial test. The complex showed strong inhibitory activity against the species with IC50 values of 2.016, 35.037, 10.680, and 3.820 μM. The interactions of the complex with human serum albumin (HSA) were studied through fluorescence spectroscopy. By analyzing the experimental data, we concluded that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of the complex with serum albumin was static quenching. The binding mode of the complex with DNA through UV spectroscopy was electrostatic binding or groove. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new oxidovanadium(V) complexes were designed, synthesized and characterized by C, H, N elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction，UV/Vis and IR spectra. Complex 1 : [VOL1X] (H 2 L1 = (E)-N′-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methbenzohydrazide, HX = ethylmaltol = 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone), Complex 2: [VOL2(CH 3 O)(CH 3 OH)], (H 2 L2 = C 16 H 16 N 2 O 4 = (E)-N′-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,5-dimethoxybenzohydrazide, CH 3 OH = methanol), Complex 3 : [VOL3X] (H 2 L3 = (E)-N′-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,5-dimethoxybenzohydrazide). The insulin-like activity of the three complexes was tested. Both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice were administered intragastrically for two weeks. It was found that the complexes at doses of 10.0 and 5.0 mg V·kg−1 can significantly decrease the blood glucose level in STZ-diabetic mice, and the blood glucose level in the treated normal mice was not altered. The lesions of kidney and liver caused by diabetes have varying degrees of improvement. Unlabelled Image • The complexes have fine insulin-like activity on streptozotocin diabetic mice. • The complexes have protective effects on the lesions of kidney and liver caused by diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most extensive and important biodiversity patterns on the Earth. Various studies have established that species diversity increases with higher taxa numbers from the polar to the tropics. Studies of multicellular biotas have supported the LDG patterns from land (e.g., plants, animals, forests, wetlands, grasslands, fungi, and so forth) to oceans (e.g., marine organisms from freshwater invertebrates, continental shelve, open ocean, even to the deep sea invertebrates). So far, there are several hypotheses proposed to explore the diversity patterns and mechanisms of LDG, however, there has been no consensus on the underlying causes of LDG over the past few decades. Thus, we reviewed the progress of LDG studies in recent years. Although several explanations for the LDG have been proposed, these hypotheses are only based on species richness, evolution and the ecosystems. In this review, we summarize the effects of evolution and ecology on the LDG patterns to synthesize the formation mechanisms of the general biodiversity distribution patterns. These intertwined factors from ecology and evolution in the LDG are generally due to the wider distribution of tropical areas, which hinders efforts to distinguish their relative contributions. However, the mechanisms of LDG always engaged controversies, especially in such a context that the human activity and climate change has affected the biodiversity. With the development of molecular biology, more genetic/genomic data are available to facilitate the estimation of global biodiversity patterns with regard to climate, latitude, and other factors. Given that human activity and climate change have inevitably impacted on biodiversity loss, biodiversity conservation should focus on the change in LDG pattern. Using large-scale genetic/genomic data to disentangle the diversity mechanisms and patterns of LDG, will provide insights into biodiversity conservation and management measures. Future perspectives of LDG with integrative genetic/genomic, species, evolution, and ecosystem diversity patterns, as well as the mechanisms that apply to biodiversity conservation, are discussed. It is imperative to explore integrated approaches for recognizing the causes of LDG in the context of rapid loss of diversity in a changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have high medicinal value. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza which can inhibit the growth of acute leukemia cell lines in vitro, although the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: CCK-8 assays and BrdU stain were used to evaluate cell proliferation ability. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression. miR-497-5p expression level was detected by using qRT-PCR, and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) was used to detect cell apoptosis. Results: Here we reported that Tan IIA could inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote cell apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Thus, Tan IIA had the anti-cancer activity in AML cell lines, which was likely mediated by up-regulation of miR-497-5p expression. Our data further showed that in AML cells, the same effects were observed with overexpression of miR-497-5p by a miR-497-5p mimic. We demonstrated that Tan IIA could inhibit the expression of AKT3 by up-regulating the expression of miR-497-5p. We subsequently identified that AKT3 was the direct target of miR-497-5p, and that treatment with Tan IIA obviously reversed the effect of treatment with an miR-497-5p inhibitor under harsh conditions. In turn, PCNA expression was increased and cleaved Caspase-3 was suppressed, which contributed to the growth of AML cells. Conclusions: Our results showed that Tan IIA could inhibit cell proliferation in AML cells through miR-497-5p-mediated AKT3 downregulation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Three types of magnetite were identified in the Hongniu–Hongshan skarn deposit. • Mt-type 2 show CDR texture, and the infiltration of saline hydrothermal fluids is considered to enhance CDR processes in the skarn deposit. • The crystallization of magnetite would lead to a reducing environment and was favorable for the precipitation of Cu sulfides in the later. The Hongniu–Hongshan Cu skarn deposit is located in the central part of the Zhongdian porphyry and skarn Cu belt in southwestern China. We investigated the petrography and trace-element chemistry of magnetite in the deposit to examine the nature and origin of the ore-forming fluids. Three types of magnetite were identified in porphyritic granite and skarn in the Hongniu–Hongshan deposit. Mt-type1 crystallized from magmas, is typical magmatic magnetite. Mt-type2 formed later than type1, but earlier than the syn-ore stage, and was related to magmatic–hydrothermal activity. Mt-type3 formed during the early syn-ore stage, is hydrothermal skarn magnetite. The magnetites have variable K, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ga, W, Sn, and Ge contents. The high contents of Ti, V and Cr in the Mt-type1 is largely controlled by its magmatic origin. For the type 2 magnetites, the high Al, Ti, and Ga contents were controlled by hydrothermal fluid composition and temperature, and V, Sn, and Cr were controlled by f O 2 values. The enrichment of Mg, Mn, and Zn in the Mt-type3 was largely due to fluid–rock interactions. Co-precipitating mineral phases appear to have exerted less control on magnetite compositions in the deposit. Some of the Mt-type2 had experienced coupled dissolution and reprecipitation (CDR) processes. The infiltration of saline hydrothermal fluids is considered to enhance CDR processes in the skarn deposit. We suggest that the crystallization of magnetite in the porphyritic granite reduced the sulfate content of the magma, which resulted in Cu and Au being complexed more readily into fluids. The precipitation of Mt-type3 might have resulted in a change from an oxidized to a more reduced environment, thereby creating conditions favorable for the precipitation of Cu sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have high medicinal value. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza which can inhibit the growth of acute leukemia cell lines in vitro, although the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: CCK-8 assays and BrdU stain were used to evaluate cell proliferation ability. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression. miR-497-5p expression level was detected by using qRT-PCR, and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) was used to detect cell apoptosis. Results: Here we reported that Tan IIA could inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote cell apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Thus, Tan IIA had the anti-cancer activity in AML cell lines, which was likely mediated by up-regulation of miR-497-5p expression. Our data further showed that in AML cells, the same effects were observed with overexpression of miR-497-5p by a miR-497-5p mimic. We demonstrated that Tan IIA could inhibit the expression of AKT3 by up-regulating the expression of miR-497-5p. We subsequently identified that AKT3 was the direct target of miR-497-5p, and that treatment with Tan IIA obviously reversed the effect of treatment with an miR-497-5p inhibitor under harsh conditions. In turn, PCNA expression was increased and cleaved Caspase-3 was suppressed, which contributed to the growth of AML cells. Conclusions: Our results showed that Tan IIA could inhibit cell proliferation in AML cells through miR-497-5p-mediated AKT3 downregulation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inflammation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the basic pathological feature of proliferative vascular diseases. Tanshinone ⅡA (Tan ⅡA), which is the most abundant fat-soluble element extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza , has potent protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we show that Tan ⅡA significantly inhibits neointimal formation and decreases VSMC inflammation by upregulating the expression of KLF4 and inhibiting the activation of NFκB signaling. Using a microRNA array analysis, we found that miR-712-5p expression is significantly upregulated in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-treated VSMCs. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that transfection of miR-712-5p mimic promotes, whereas depletion of miR-712-5p suppresses TNF-α-induced VSMC inflammation, leading to amelioration of intimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation. Moreover, depletion of miR-712-5p by its antagomir largely abrogates TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation. Our findings suggest that miR-712-5p mediates the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on VSMC inflammation, and that Tan ⅡA inhibits VSMC inflammation and proliferation in vivo and in vitro by suppression of miR-712-5p expression. Targeting miR-712-5p may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent proliferative vascular diseases. • Tanshinone IIA inhibits VSMC inflammation and proliferation by suppression of miR-712-5p expression. • miR-712-5p mediated the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on VSMC inflammation. • Targeting miR-712-5p may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent proliferative vascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]