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Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient in lake ecosystems and organic phosphorus (Po) is a significant component. However, the distribution characteristics and migration behaviour of Po in ice–water–sediment systems under freezing and thawing conditions in cold and arid regions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the forms of Po and its contribution to endogenous P pollution. We selected three lakes (Dai, Hu, and Wu Lake) and employed phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) techniques to analyse the following: (1) The total phosphorus (TP) content, which was the highest in the water from Dai Lake (0.16 mg/L), with substantial seasonal variation observed in Wu Lake, where P content was four times higher in summer than in winter because of farmland drainage. (2) Eutrophication analysis, which indicated that Dai Lake had significantly higher eutrophication levels than Wu Lake, with P being the controlling factor in Dai Lake and both N and P in Wu Lake. The proportion of Po in the TP content was 90%, 70%, and 55% for Wu, Dai, and Hu Lake, respectively, indicating that Po was the main component of eutrophic lakes. (3) 31P-NMR, which revealed that orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and monoester phosphate (Mon-P) were the main P components in the winter, with a higher P content in Dai Lake. Ortho-P has a higher content in ice, indicating that inorganic phosphorus (Pi) migration is the main factor in ice–water media. Mon-P showed multiple peaks in Dai Lake, indicating a complex composition of adenosine monophosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. (4) The ice–water phase change simulation experiments, which showed that phosphate was the least repelled in ice, while pyrophosphate (Pyro-P) and macromolecular P were more repelled. Adding sediment enhanced the migration of P but did not change the repulsion of macromolecular P, suggesting the molecular structure as the main influencing factor. These results provide important scientific evidence for the quantitative analysis of Po pollution in lake water environments, aiding in P load reduction and risk prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As important multifunctional cells in the lung, alveolar epithelial type II (AEII) cells secrete numerous chemokines on various stimuli. Our previous data showed that AEII cells also express the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the proinflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-l[beta] induces CGRP secretion in the A549 human AEII cell line. In the present study, the CGRP-1 receptor antagonist human (h)CGR[P.sub.8-37] (0.1-1 nM) greatly amplified the production of IL-1[beta]-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)- 1. The inhibition of CGRP expression by small interfering RNA significantly increased MCP-1 secretion on IL-1[beta] stimulation. However, exogenous hCGRP (10-100 nM) suppressed IL-1[beta]-evoked MCP-1 secretion in MCP-1 promoter activity, and CGRP gene stably transfected cell clones significantly inhibited both the mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1 induced by IL-1[beta]. These data imply that AEII-derived CGRP suppressed IL-1[beta]-induced MCP-1 secretion in an autocrine/paracrine mode. Subsequent investigation revealed that CGRP inhibited IL-1[beta]-evoked NF-[kappa]B activity by suppressing I[kappa]B[alpha] phosphorylation and degradation. Moreover, CGRP attenuated IL-1 [beta]-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, the early event in proinflammatory factor signaling. We previously showed that the CGRP inhibitory effect was mediated by elevated intracellular cAMP and show here that analogs of cAMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate and the Sp isomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate, mimicked the CGRP suppressive effect on IL-1[beta]-induced ROS formation, NF-[kappa]B activation, and MCP-1 secretion. Thus increased endogenous CGRP secretion in lung inflammatory disease might eliminate the excessive response by elevating the cAMP level through inhibiting the ROS-NF-[kappa]B-MCP-1 pathway. reactive oxygen species; lung; inflammation doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00538.2005.

Objective: To investigate the application and value of pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) in pregnant patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH)., Methods: The clinical data of pregnant patients with PH who were treated between 2006 and 2014 in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at Capital Medical University affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analysed. The differences of the clinical characteristics and outcome between PAC inserted patients and PAC not inserted patients were compared., Results: The systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) measured by preoperative echocardiography has no significant difference between the PAC inserted patients [(103.0 ± 24.1) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa)] and PAC not inserted patients [(96.4 ± 27.3) mmHg; P = 0.175]. SPAP may be overestimated or underestimated by echocardiography compared with PAC with a gap from -38.4 mmHg to 49.5 mmHg. The rates of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (20.0% vs 3.2%) and continuous use of epidural anesthesia (89.1% vs 65.1%) were higher in PAC inserted patients compared with PAC not inserted patients. Norepinephrine, dobutamine, sildenafil, alprostadil, iloprost and low molecular weight heparin were more widely used in PAC inserted patients. The mortality rate and the rates of low birth weight (63.9% vs 30.6%) and very low birth weight infants (19.4% vs 13.9%) were all higher in PAC inserted patients, while the rate of induced abortion was lower in this group (5.5% vs 17.5%). The length of stay in surgical intensive care unit [6.0 (5.0) d vs 1.0 (3.0) d], postoperative length of stay [8.0 (6.0) d vs 8.0 (4.0) d] and total hospital costs [43 999.22 (38 267.27) RMB vs 14 878.24 (10 564.47) RMB] were all higher in PAC inserted patients. The incidence rate of PAC related complications was 7.3%., Conclusions: In moderate or severe PH pregnant patients with severe clinical symptoms, perioperative insertion of PAC helps to monitor the perinatal pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) and guide treatment, potentially improving clinical outcomes and lowering the short term mortality. PAC can't be replaced by echocardiography in measuring PAP.

Objective: To summarize the experiences of using continuous renal replacement therapy in the treatment of myonephropathic metabolic syndrome caused by acute lower limb ischemia., Methods: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed acute lower limb ischemia with surgical treatment between January 2008 and December 2013, among which 22 patients with myonephropathic metabolic syndrome received continuous renal replacement therapy. Summarize the change tendency of myoglobin, urine volume and serum creatinine levels during treatment and analysis the condition changes and prognosis of the patients., Results: Among them, 2 patients were amputated and two died after surgery. The major causes of death were acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis, circulation failure and liver failure, etc. Myoglobin was significantly higher at Day 1 after surgery than that was before surgery (P < 0.05). Urine volume was significantly lower at Day 1 after surgery than that on the day of surgery (P < 0.05). CK was significantly lower at Day 2 after surgery than the day before (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin was significantly lower at Day 1 after surgery than that before surgery (P < 0.05). Serum creatinine levels remained steady., Conclusion: In patients of acute lower limb ischemia with myonephropathic metabolic syndrome, early targeted continuous renal replacement therapy may decrease the serum concentrations of myoglobin and CK, improve urine volume, maintain homeostasis, prevent renal function deterioration and improve the prognosis of patients. And it is highly recommended.

Caveolae and its structural protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) are abundant in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and have been suggested to contribute to cell signaling and cholesterol trafficking. This study investigated the effect of cholesterol on the movement of caveolae-related proteins in human umbilical vein ECs with use of caveolae functional proteomics. After cholesterol exposure to ECs for 2 to 4 h, caveolae were isolated and separated on 2-D protein gels. Among 40 protein spots revealed in caveolae fractions, the ATP synthase beta subunit (ATPS-beta), one of the 3 proteins enriched by cholesterol in caveolae, was confirmed by western blotting and confocal microscopy. Further, cholesterol exposure increased the level of ATPS-beta, along with Cav-1 and cholesterol in caveolae. These effects could be blocked by cytochalasin B, an actin cytoskeleton disruptor. ATPS-beta was physically associated with Cav-1, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and GST-Cav-1 fusion protein pull-down assay. Cholesterol increased the extracellular ATP release mediated by ATPS-beta, since this action could be blocked by piceatannol or oligomycin, ATPS inhibitors. Thus, the ectopic localization of ATPS-beta may participate in the energy balance of cells in response to the change in intracellular cholesterol levels.