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Over a field of characteristic p > 2 , the first cohomology of the Witt-type Lie superalgebra W(2) with coefficients in all Kac modules K (λ) is determined by use of the weight-derivation spaces from W(2) to K (λ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOver a field of characteristic p > 2, we first provide the definitions of the supersymmetric super-biderivation and the skew-supersymmetric super-biderivation from a Lie superalgebra g to a g-module M. Then we prove that a super-biderivation from g to M is a sum of a supersymmetric super-biderivation from g to M and a skew-supersymmetric super-biderivation from g to M. Finally, we also determine the super-biderivations from sl(2,1) to all simple modules of sl(2,1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate a blow-up criterion for compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations. It is shown that if density and velocity satisfy (∥ ρ ∥ L ∞ (0 , T ; L ∞) + ∥ u ∥ C ([ 0 , T ] ; L 3) < ∞) , then the strong solutions to isentropic magnetohydrodynamic equations can exist globally over [ 0 , T ] . Notably, our analysis accommodates the presence of an initial vacuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 2, the first cohomology of the 3-dimensional simple Lie algebra s l (2) with coefficients in all simple modules is determined, which implies Whitehead's first lemma is not true in prime characteristic. As applications, derivations and 2-local derivations of s l (2) on any simple module are also characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper determines all local and 2-local derivations of the 3-dimensional complex simple Lie algebra 픰픩(2) on its any finite-dimensional completely reducible module. In particular, the quotient space of the one consisting of all local derivations by the one consisting of all derivations of 픰픩(2) on its (n + 1)-dimensional simple module has the dimension n − 1 if n is odd, and 0 otherwise. On the other hand, each 2-local derivation of 픰픩(2) on any finite-dimensional completely reducible module is a derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a field of characteristic p > 0 , the first cohomology of the orthogonal symplectic Lie superalgebra o s p (1 , 2) with coefficients in baby Verma modules and simple modules is determined by use of the weight space decompositions of these modules relative to a Cartan subalgebra of o s p (1 , 2). As a byproduct, the first cohomology of o s p (1 , 2) with coefficients in the restricted enveloping algebra (under the adjoint action) is not trivial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot spots resulted from shock-induced void collapse could seriously alter the ignition and initial chemical reactions in heterogeneous explosive crystals. Herein, the influences of hot spot distance on ignition and reaction growth in the crystalline RDX were investigated through reactive molecular dynamics simulations. As two voids collapsed completely, double hot spots occurred at the internal upstream and downstream voids in the crystalline RDX, respectively. The farther hot spot distance could be observed in the bulk RDX with the larger void–void distance. Combined with the resulted chemical fragments analysis, hot spot distance affects the chemical reaction rate but does not alter the initial decomposition mechanism in RDX. The farther hot spot distance results in a faster decomposition degree of RDX molecules, a higher concentration of NO2 liberation, and even greater violent growth for explosive reaction. It is evident that RDX with a longer void–void distance is more sensitive to the present overdriven shock. The farther double hot spots result in more RDX molecules being heated simultaneously and then reacted quickly under the synergetic growth of double hot spots. In terms of the synergetic growth of double hot spots, it is demonstrated that reducing hot spot distance could result in decreasing the high-temperature area ratio in the crystalline RDX exposed to an overdriven insult, avoiding the occurrence of a greater violent scenario. The present study can provide an efficient route to understand the role of hot spot distance in ignition and reaction growth and further evaluate the shock sensitivity of crystalline explosives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of gas-liquid two-phase bubbly flows is widely found in many industrial fields, such as nuclear energy, chemical, petroleum, and refrigeration. Bubbly two-phase flows measuring including detection and tracking affects the specific engineering problem solving to a great extent. The particle tracking velocity (PTV) algorithm is generally used for the tracking of the particles in the flow field. However, it does not take the shape change of particles into account in the process of flow. In this paper, a kind of bubble feature matching method based on ORB algorithm is proposed, and the edge detection method of findContours in OpenCV is used to extract the bubble contour in the image. The proposed algorithm implements the trajectory tracking of the bubbles with shape change when moving up in liquid. The feasibility of bubble trajectory tracking is shown by displaying of different bubble tracks in the plan, 3D plots and contour changing plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, computation offloading has become a research focus since it has the potential to solve the challenges faced when dealing with computation-intensive applications in the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), especially in the 5G or future network environment. However, major issues still exist and the performance of main metrics can be improved to better adapt to the practical scenarios. This paper focuses on achieving resource- and time-efficient computation offloading in IoVs by boosting the cooperation efficiency of vehicles. Firstly, a fuzzy logic-based pricing strategy is designed to evaluate the cooperation tendency and capability of each vehicle from multiple aspects. Vehicles are encouraged to participate in the offloading process even if they are in a disadvantageous position compared to other vehicles. Secondly, a Max-Min fairness-oriented approach is proposed to find the most suitable offloading decision, and vehicles with poor cooperation capabilities are guaranteed to be treated equally in the offloading. Finally, two heuristic algorithms are presented to solve the problem with applicable complexity and to suit the practical IoV environment. Extensive simulation results prove that the proposed approach achieves remarkable performance improvements in terms of delay, service cost and the resource utilization ratios of vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CHARGE syndrome (CS, OMIM 214800) is a rare genetic disease characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, including coloboma, heart defect, atresia of the choanae, retardation of development, genital anomalies, and ear anomalies/deafness. The syndrome is mainly caused by a heterozygous variant in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene that encodes the CHD7 protein, involved in the ATP-dependent remodeling of chromatin. Methods: In this study, the next-generation sequencing targeted panel was used to detect a de novo variant c.3523-2A>G in the CHD7 gene in a patient with severe CS, congenital heart disease, left coloboma of the choroid, cryptorchidism, and congenital deafness. The Sanger sequencing confirmed the variant and clarified it as de novo variant by short tandem repeat analysis in the patient family. We analyzed the effect of a variant by Minigene assay to evaluate the pathogenicity of the variant. Results: In summary, cDNA analysis confirmed that c.3523-2A>G variant activates a cryptic splice site, resulting in 172 base pair missing in exon 15, leading to the premature truncation of the CHD7 protein (p.V1175Afs*11). Conclusion: The present study functionally characterized the novel c.3523-2A>G variant in CHD7, providing further confirmatory evidence that it is associated with CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most frequent clinical presentation of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) is bilateral, symmetrical, postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing loss, which begins with impairment at high frequencies and eventually progresses to hearing loss at all frequencies. Autosomal dominant deafness-5 (DFNA5) is a subtype of ADNSHL caused by heterozygous variants in the gasdermin E (GSDME, also known as DFNA5) gene. Methods: Deafness gene NGS panel analysis were performed on the proband of a six-generation Chinese family with hearing loss. The co-segregation analysis between the hearing loss and the novel variant was analyzed by Sanger sequencing and pure-tone audiometry. The minigene splicing assay was performed to evaluate the potential effect of the variant on messenger RNA splicing in vitro. Results: The family exhibited autosomal dominant, progressive, postlingual, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss, which was similar to that of the previously reported DFNA5 families. A novel heterozygous splice site variant in GSDME gene intron 8 was identified, which co-segregated with the hearing loss phenotype of the family. The variant caused skipping of exon 8 in the mutant transcript, leading to the direct linking of exons 7 and 9. Conclusions: We identified a novel GSDME splice site variant c.1183 + 1 G > C in an extended Chinese family, which led to the skipping of exon 8. The results extended the pathogenic variants spectrum of the GSDME gene, provided further support for the 'gain-of-function' mechanism of DFNA5, and afforded a molecular interpretation for these patients with ADNSHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new method to measure the axial stress of bolt based on the combination of first trailing (T 1) wave and shear (S) wave ultrasound using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT). T 1 wave is generated by the mode conversion of S and longitudinal (L) waves. By analyzing the formation and propagation path of the T 1 wave in bolt through the finite element (FE) model, the travelling time of T 1 is calculated. The analysis indicates that the axial stress of bolt can be measured combining the travelling times of T 1 wave and S wave. The sensitivities of S, L and T 1 waves to the changes of bolt axial stress are analyzed. The experimental results show that the method based on the combination of T 1 and S waves ultrasound using an EMAT can measure the bolt axial stress accurately. Compared to the method based on the combination of L and S waves, the proposed method has lower measurement errors. The relative error is less than 1.8 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the strong solutions of the nonhomogeneous incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system with vacuum, we establish a blow-up criterion for this system in terms of u C 0 , T ; L 3 ℝ 3 . Moreover, the result generalizes previous ones in Giga (1986) and He and Xin (2005) where homogeneous incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and homogeneous incompressible MHD system are considered, respectively, and demonstrates that the velocity field plays a more dominant role in the MHD system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of artificial intelligence, big data classification technology provides the advantageous help for the medicine auxiliary diagnosis research. While due to the different conditions in the different sample collection, the medical big data is often imbalanced. The class-imbalance problem has been reported as a serious obstacle to the classification performance of many standard learning algorithms. SMOTE algorithm could be used to generate sample points randomly to improve imbalance rate, but its application is affected by the marginalization generation and blindness of parameter selection. Focusing on this problem, an improved SMOTE algorithm based on Normal distribution is proposed in this paper, so that the new sample points are distributed closer to the center of the minority sample with a higher probability to avoid the marginalization of the expanded data. Experiments show that the classification effect is better when use proposed algorithm to expand the imbalanced dataset of Pima, WDBC, WPBC, Ionosphere and Breast-cancer-wisconsin than the original SMOTE algorithm. In addition, the parameter selection of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and it is found that the classification effect is the best when the distribution characteristics of the original data was maintained best by selecting appropriate parameters in our designed experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study aimed to improve the quality of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Methods. A pool of candidate indicators was established using literature retrieval, panel discussion, and experience summary. The first round of consultation was performed with the selected 18 experts by the Delphi method. Then, the checklist was modified according to the experts' opinions for the second round of consultation to prepare the final checklist. Results. The positivity coefficients of experts in the two rounds of consultation were 100% and 88.9%, respectively, with the authority coefficient of 0.88. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the primary and secondary indicators were 0.296 and 0.303, respectively (P < 0.05). Finally, the breakdown and checklist were prepared, which involved 16 primary indicators and 56 secondary indicators. Conclusion. The scientific and reasonable breakdown and checklist prepared based on a consultation can provide scientific guidance for nursing during CRRT, reduce the incidence of adverse events, and improve work efficiency and satisfaction of medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To explore the effect observation on modified Zishen Tongguan decoction combined with acupuncture in the treatment of urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery and its influence on the incidence of adverse reactions. Methods. The clinical data of 84 patients suffered from urinary retention after radical resection of cervical cancer (December 2018–December 2019) in the oncology department of Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected for retrospective analysis. According to the order of admission, they were divided into group A (n = 42), treated with conventional therapy, modified Zishen Tongguan decoction, and acupuncture, and group B (n = 42), treated with conventional therapy. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed, the urination function indexes after therapy were recorded, and the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were analyzed. Results. After therapy, compared with group B, the average urinary flow rate, maximum urinary flow rate, bladder compliance (BC) level value, and the number of patients with good recovery of bladder function of group A were obviously higher P < 0.05 , and the urination time and detrusor pressure were obviously lower P < 0.001 . There was no significant difference in the average scoring of overactive bladder syndrome score (OABSS) between the two groups at 7 days of therapy p > 0.05 . The average OABSS of group A at 14 days of therapy was obviously lower than that of group B P < 0.001 . Compared with group B, the total clinical effective rate of group A was obviously higher P < 0.05 , while the total incidence of adverse reactions was obviously lower P < 0.05 . Conclusion. Modified Zishen Tongguan decoction combined with acupuncture is a reliable method to treat urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery, which greatly improves the urination function of patients, as well as the clinical efficacy. Further research will help create a better solution for patients with urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient R peaks detection is the key to the accurate analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals which is a benefit to the early detection of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, many effective R peaks detection methods have been proposed, however, the false detection rate is relatively high when the noisy ECG signal is involved. Based on the property of MTEO that it could enhance the features of signal, a novel R peaks detection algorithm is proposed in this paper to deal with ECG signals with low SNR. The algorithm includes two stages. In the first stage, a band-pass filter is used for eliminating noise, then the first-order forward differentiation and MTEO are used to transform the ECG signals, at last, the output of MTEO is smoothed with a Moving Averaging filter. In the second stage, the adaptive thresholds method and efficient decision rules are applied to detect the true R peaks. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed method are substantiated on MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB), Fantasia Database and MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database. The testing of the proposed method on the MITDB showed the following results: Sensitivity (Se) = 9 9. 8 8 % , Positive predictivity (+P) = 9 9. 7 8 % and Accuracy (Acc) = 9 9. 6 7 %. On Fantasia Database involvement, Se = 9 9. 9 9 % , +P = 9 9. 9 8 % and Acc = 9 9. 9 7 %. On MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database involvement, Se = 9 9. 9 9 % , +P = 9 9. 9 9 % and Acc = 9 9. 9 9 %. Compared with other R peaks detection methods, the proposed algorithm is simple, efficient and robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoscopic view of dynamic arsenic adsorption on the surface of adsorbents [Display omitted] How operation parameters (e.g. flow speed of flue gas and temperature) and flue gas properties (e.g. contents of SO 2 , NO x etc.) affect As 2 O 3 adsorption by γ-Al 2 O 3 under the condition of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the key to protecting catalyst from poisoning and preventing it being emitted into environments. The patterns of mentioned influence factors affecting adsorption of As 2 O 3 have been investigated via experimental studies combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation calculations. According to the results of experiments and MD simulation, within the selected specific range of flue gas flow speed, As 2 O 3 could be adsorbed effectively. In the meantime, with higher temperature, the thermal vibration of As 2 O 3 molecule gets more intense and compromises the adsorption. Also, different flue gas contents affect As 2 O 3 adsorption in different chemical and physical means. This research could provide valuable information for power plants and subsequent studies in related area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to explore whether COL1A2 and miR‐1297 participated in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vitro and classified the underlying mechanisms. Methods: d‐Glucose (30 mM; high glucose, HG)‐stimulated HK‐2 cells were used to mimic DN condition. RNA and non‐coding RNA profiles were from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The interaction between miR‐1297 and COL1A2 was measured by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method was conducted to analyse COL1A2‐associated signalling pathways. The role of miR‐1297/COL1A2 in biological behaviours of HG‐induced HK‐2 cells were analysed by cell counting kit‐8 and apoptosis assays. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL1A2 was up‐regulated in DN tissues. We predicted and verified miR‐1297 as the regulatory miRNA of COL1A2, and the expression of miR‐1297 was decreased in DN tissues and HG‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. Overexpression of miR‐1297 could promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis to protect HK‐2 cells from HG‐induced damage. And knockdown of COL1A2 enhanced the protective effects of miR‐1297 on HG‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. GSEA results revealed that several inflammatory pathways were enriched in COL1A2 high‐expression group. Meanwhile, transfection of miR‐1297 reduced the phosphorylation of NFκB and expression of three important pro‐inflammatory genes including cytokine CCL5, adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 via targeting COL1A2. These results suggested that miR‐1297 protected HG‐treated HK‐2 cells probably through suppressing inflammation via targeting COL1A2. Conclusion: This study sheds a light on the role miR‐1297/COL1A2 in DN progression and provides a novel promising therapy strategy for suppressing DN progression. SUMMARY AT A GLANCE: In this study, bioinformatics analysis of Gene Set Enrichment databases identified a relationship between miR‐1297 and collagen 1A2 in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The functional relevance of this relationship was explored in HK‐2 cells, which demonstrated that downregulation of collagen 1A2 by miR‐1297 inhibits apoptosis and inflammation caused by hyperglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disease which symptom is local pruritus and pain. In medicine, researchers take a certain point that the brain is the control center of CSU, but in previous experiments, the researchers found that cerebellum also had a certain effect on CSU. In order to find out the influence of CSU in the brain and cerebellum, we collected the brain resting-state fMRI data from 40 healthy controls and 32 CSU patients and used DPABI to preprocess. We calculated the entropy values of five scales by using multiscale entropy (MSE) and the average entropy values of two groups' BOLD signals; 15 regions with significant differences were found which not only had a more detailed impact in the brain but also had an impact in the cerebellum, such as precentral gyrus, lenticular putamen, and vermis of cerebellum. In addition, we found that compared with the healthy controls, the entropy values of CSU patients showed two trends which need further study. The advantage of our experiment is that the multiscale entropy value is used to get more influence regions of CSU in the brain and cerebellum. The results of this paper may provide some help for the pathological study of CSU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The prognostic role of WT1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still controversial. No study has focused on the prognostic role of WT1 expression in adult B-ALL patients receiving chemotherapy only. Methods: Using TaqMan-based real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), we detected the WT1 transcript levels of 162 de-novo adult B-ALL patients at the time of diagnosis and analysed their clinical features. Results: WT1 overexpression was defined as a transcript level higher than 0.50%, which is the upper limit in normal bone marrow. WT1 overexpression was identified in 66.0% of the patients and was an independent positive prognostic factor for CIR, RFS and OS in patients who received chemotherapy only (CIR: HR = 0.236 [95% confidence interval 0.094–0.592]; P = 0.002; RFS: HR = 0.223 [0.092–0.543]; P = 0.001; OS: HR = 0.409 [0.214–0.783]; P = 0.007) and in patients who did not have BCR-ABL fusion or KMT2A rearrangements (CIR: HR = 0.431 [0.201–0.921]; P = 0.030; RFS: HR = 0.449 [0.224–0.899]; P = 0.024; OS: HR = 0.521 [0.278–0.977]; P = 0.042). However, WT1 overexpression had no prognostic value in patients who received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Furthermore, allo-HSCT could improve the prognosis of patients with low WT1 expression. Conclusion: Therefore, testing for WT1 expression at the time of diagnosis may predict outcomes in adult B-ALL patients who receive only chemotherapy and who do not have the BCR-ABL fusion gene or KMT2A rearrangements. Allo-HSCT may improve the prognosis of patients with low WT1 transcript levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relapse is a major obstacle in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Refinement of risk stratification may aid the identification of patients who are likely to relapse. Abnormal cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) has been implicated in various cancers, but its function remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of CSRP2 in predicting adult AML recurrence. Methods: RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CSRP2 in 193 newly diagnosed adult AML patients and 44 healthy controls. The competitive risk model was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of relapse rate (CIR), Kaplan–Meier to calculate the relapse-free survival rate (RFS), and the Cox regression model to perform multivariate analysis. Viral transfection was used to construct AML cell lines with stable knockdown of CSRP2, CCK8 to detect proliferation and drug resistance, flow cytometry to detect cell cycle and apoptosis, and Western blot to detect key molecules in signaling pathways. Results: CSRP2 transcript levels were higher in 193 adult AML compared with 44 healthy controls. In 149 patients who achieved complete remission, those with high CSRP2 transcript levels displayed a lower 2-year CIR and higher 2-year RFS, especially when receiving only chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, a high CSRP2 transcript level was independently associated with a better RFS. Knockdown of CSRP2 promoted proliferation and cell cycle progression, and reduced chemosensitivity. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of p-AKT and p-CREB in CSRP2-knockdown AML cell lines. Inhibition assays suggested these two signaling pathways participated in the CSRP2-mediated proliferation effects in AML cell lines. Conclusion: In summary, CSRP2 correlates with relapse in adult AML. Down-regulation of CSRP2 could promote the proliferation of AML cell lines by regulating the AKT and CREB signaling pathways. Therefore, CSRP2 may provide prognostic significance and potential therapeutic targets in the management of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of NRAS-mutated (NRASmut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are largely unknown. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 1,149 cases of de novo AML and discovered 152 NRASmut AML (13%). Of the 152 NRASmut AML, 89% had at least one companion mutated gene. DNA methylation-related genes confer up to 62% incidence. TET2 had the highest mutation frequency (51%), followed by ASXL1 (17%), NPM1 (14%), CEBPA (13%), DNMT3A (13%), FLT3-ITD (11%), KIT (11%), IDH2 (9%), RUNX1 (8%), U2AF1 (7%) and SF3B1(5%). Multivariate analysis suggested that age ≥ 60 years and mutations in U2AF1 were independent factors related to failure to achieve complete remission after induction therapy. Age ≥ 60 years, non-M3 types and U2AF1 mutations were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival. Age ≥ 60 years, non-M3 types and higher risk group were independent prognostic factors for poor event-free survival (EFS) while allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was an independent prognostic factor for good EFS. Our study provided new insights into the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of NRASmut AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the simple restricted modules for special contact Lie superalgebras of odd type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 3. We give a sufficient and necessary condition in terms of typical or atypical weights for restricted Kac modules to be simple. In the process, we also determine the socle for each restricted Kac module and the length for each simple restricted module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser surface re-melted Al–Al 2 Cu eutectic alloy with α-Al and θ-Al 2 Cu nanoscale lamellae exhibits high strength and good plasticity at room temperature, implying that the nanoscale θ-Al 2 Cu lamellae plastically co-deform with α-Al. Microscopy characterization reveal that plastic deformation of θ-Al 2 Cu lamellae is accommodated by localized shear on unusual slip planes of {121} Al2Cu. Herein, we elucidate interface-mediated deformation mechanisms of nanoscale Al–Al 2 Cu eutectics and investigate the structure and properties of the {001} Al ‖{001} Al2Cu interface using atomistic simulations. Simulation results reveal that the interface is composed of two sets of misfit dislocations with the displacement shift complete vectors as Burgers vectors. We then conduct simple shear simulations to explore shear response and corresponding mechanisms of the Al–Al 2 Cu interface, and reveal that interfacial shear is accomplished through the gliding of misfit dislocations on the interface. Plasticity of nanoscale θ-Al 2 Cu lamellae is examined to be associated with localized shears on {121} Al2Cu planes, which are ascribed to the continuity of slip systems across Al–Al 2 Cu interfaces and accumulated lattice dislocations at interfaces. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long BP facets bounding { 10 1 ¯ 2 } 〈 1 ¯ 011 〉 twins in Mg (≥ 4 nm) have been observed experimentally. However, the formation of these long BP facets has not been studied and their contribution/role to the twin growth remains unclear. We observe a long straight BP facet (27 nm) using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and investigate its formation, stability, and mobility by atomistic simulations. Experimentally, a serrated twin interface containing short CTBs and short BP facets near a (10 1 ¯ 2) twin tip is observed to transform under the effects of the electron beam into a long straight semi-coherent BP facet that contains disclination dipoles. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the relaxation of a 3D twin domain reveals another process whereby a long partially-relaxed BP interface forms and contains an I 2 stacking fault. A comparison between the energy of these configurations as obtained by atomistic simulations suggests that these transformations occur in two steps: (1) serrated interfaces composed of coherent BP segments with lengths less than 2 nm combine and form a long and straight coherent BP facets and (2) these long coherent BP facets quickly transform into relaxed ones with misfit defects. Importantly, it is found that long BP facets are relatively immobile, and upon reloading, decay into more mobile serrated interfaces prior to migrating. The work presented suggests that the atomistic configurations of BP facets during twin growth processes differ significantly from relaxed BP interfaces that would be observed by TEM. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here a novel light-triggered nanosystem based on co-assembling nanoaggregates (NAs) of lipophilic photosensitizers and lipophilic prodrugs containing multiple thioethers. Upon laser irradiation, the oxidization of the multiple thioethers by photosensitizer-generated singlet oxygen could rapidly destroy the NA structure, resulting in faster drug release than those containing a single thioether. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-valyl-isoleucine (LYRM03) has been shown to be beneficial in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI). Nonetheless, the pharmacologic action of LYRM03 interference has not been demonstrated to occur through oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model, and the potential pathogenic mechanism needs to be clarified. Our research intended to explore the mechanism of action using an in vivo rat LPS-induced ALI model and highlight the associated pathogenesis. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following five groups: Sham; LPS (5 mg/kg); LPS + LYRM03 (5 mg/kg); LPS + LYRM03 (10 mg/kg); and LPS + LYRM03 (20 mg/kg). Pulmonary injury indicators were documented at 24 h after LPS-induced ALI. Morphologic alterations, such as the extent of the injury, were determined using hematoxylin–eosin staining. Furthermore, expression levels of oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8, and interleukin-6) in circulation were observed. The production of apoptosis-associated proteins (poly ADP-ribose polymerase, c-caspase 3, B-cell lymphoma-2, and Bcl2 associated X), inflammatory mediators (high mobility group box-1, toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88), and inhibitor of kappa B-α were determined through Western blotting. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to assess the messenger RNA expression of the inflammatory mediators. The LPS-treated group exhibited a remarkable increase in the extent of the pulmonary injury, oxidative stress indicator secretion, inflammatory molecule release, and inflammatory mediator production and an increase in the inhibitor of kappa B-α levels relative to the Sham group. The LYRM03 (5 and 10 mg/kg)-treated groups exhibited a remarkable decrease relative to the LPS group. In addition, treatment with LYRM03 (20 mg/kg) powerfully limited the extent of the injury and demonstrated anti-inflammatory actions. The results of this investigation indicated that treatment with LYRM03 plays a role in lung defense by inhibiting the NF-κB/MyD88/TLR4 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burying a straw layer in the subsoil has been proposed for cutting the capillary movement of soil water and salt in saline soils, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum has been widely used for reclaiming the productivity of alkali soils. However, the available information on the combination of these two approaches with respect to the amelioration of saline–alkali soils is limited. A 2-year field experiment was conducted on the Hetao Plain of China to evaluate the combined effects of straw layers (0, 6, 12 and 18 t ha−1) at a depth of 30 cm and FGD gypsum (0 and 0.75 t ha−1) mixed into the topsoil (0–20 cm) on soil physicochemical properties and sunflower yields. The soil water content, which increased at planting but decreased at harvest in the overlying (0–30 cm) soil in both years, was affected mainly by the straw layer. The soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable absorption percentage (ESP) after the straw treatments were markedly lower than those obtained after the non-straw treatments, and the soil pH at planting was positively affected. The positive effects of the straw layer on soil salinity and sodicity increased with increasing rates. Compared with the individual straw applications, the combined applications increased the reductive effects on ESP and pH, but increased the EC at planting. Additionally, compared with the non-gypsum controls, the combined applications increased the sunflower yields by 17.4% in 2015 and 20.4% in 2016. These results suggest that a dense straw layer combined with the appropriate application of FGD gypsum can substantially reduce both soil salinity and sodicity and increase the sunflower yield. • Straw treatment increased the soil water at planting but decreased that at harvest. • Straw treatment markedly reduced the soil ESP and pH but increased the soil EC. • Higher straw rates had greater positive effects on soil quality and crop yield. • Straw combined with gypsum resulted in better performance than straw alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reclamation of saline–sodic soils with gypsum from the desulphurization of flue gas (FGD) is a recently developed technique. However, limited information is available on the long‐term effects of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields. This study evaluated the effects of FGD gypsum on soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations after 17 years. Established in 2001, the study site on the Tumochuan Plain of Inner Mongolia, China, has a sandy loam soil. The experimental field was divided into three classes characterized by small, medium and large exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values before the experiment. Based on the initial soil ESP values (6.1–20, 20–30 and 30–78.4%, respectively), FGD gypsum was applied once at rates of 20.9, 30.6 and 59.3 t ha−1 to the small‐, medium‐ and large‐ESP classes, respectively. Compared with the control plots, the treated plots showed decreases in soil pH of 9.8 and 7.5% and decreases in ESP of 52.7 and 46.6% at the 20–40‐cm and 40–60‐cm depths, respectively. The treated plots showed remarkable decreases in electrical conductivity at the 20–60‐cm depth in the small‐ESP class, but moderate increases at the 0–20‐cm depth in the medium‐ and large‐ESP classes. The dissolved salt composition changed, with substantially larger Ca2+ and SO42− but smaller CO32− + HCO3− concentrations in the treated plots than in the control plots. The treated plots showed increases in the macroaggregate fractions (>250 μm) and decreases in the silt–clay fractions (<53 μm). There were no significant differences in the heavy metal (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) concentrations among the plots; thus, the use of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields is safe. The beneficial effects of FGD gypsum on the reclamation of sodic soils remained and were concentrated deeper in the soil after 17 years. Highlights: Limited information is available on the lasting effects of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields.The long‐term effects of FGD gypsum on soil physicochemical properties are reported for the first time.The beneficial effects of FGD gypsum on soil reclamation extended to the 20–60‐cm soil layers.The use of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields was safe, and the effects lasted many years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Autophagy plays a significant role in the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiomyocyte autophagy is of major importance in maintaining cardiac function. We aimed to identify key genes associated with autophagy in AMI through bioinformatics analysis and verify them through clinical validation. Materials and Methods: We downloaded an AMI expression profile dataset GSE166780 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Autophagy-associated genes potentially differentially expressed in AMI were screened using R software. Then, to identify key autophagy-related genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and correlation analysis were performed on the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in AMI. Finally, we used quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to verify the RNA expression of the screened key genes. Results: TSC2, HSPA8, and HIF1A were screened out as key autophagy-related genes. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of HSPA8 and TSC2 in AMI blood samples were lower, while the expression level of HIF1A was higher than that in the healthy controls. Conclusions: TSC2, HSPA8, and HIF1A were identified as key autophagy-related genes in this study. They may influence the development of AMI through autophagy. These findings may help deepen our understanding of AMI and may be useful for the treatment of AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• As a promising preparation strategy for 2D MXenes, the molten-salt-assisted synthesis method has garnered significant attention in recent years owing to its numerous advantages. • Molten-salt-assisted synthesis method is elucidated through the etching mechanism, property regulation, and delamination of multi-layered MXenes. • The applications of 2D MXenes derived from the molten-salt-assisted synthesis method in energy storage and conversion. • The challenges and prospects associated with the synthesis of molten-salt-assisted synthesis methods are put forward. Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have captured inter-disciplinary interest owing to their exceptional electronic conductivities, adjustable layered structures, and controllable interfacial functional groups. Low-cost, efficient, and amicable techniques are urgently desired for synthesizing high-quality and high-yield 2D MXene materials. Recently, molten-salt-assisted methods have been proven to be the promising processes to construct versatile 2D MXenes with metallic-level conductivity, good mechanical strength, low ion diffusion barrier and rich surface chemistries to meet the criteria for practical applications. Herein, the most up-to-date progress of molten-salt-assisted approaches for manufacturing 2D MXene materials and their synthesis mechanisms are comprehensively summarized, introducing the effect on the physical/chemical properties of the obtained MXenes compared with other common synthesis methods. Meanwhile, typical examples of MXenes obtained by tuning surface termination, interlayer spacing, size, and morphology are presented. Further, the focus turns to their structure–property relationships and applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, including supercapacitors, Li-batteries, Zn-ion batteries and electrocatalysis. Finally, a discussion about the challenges and prospects of the molten-salt-assisted approaches is put forward. This review will guide and encourage the future rational design and controllable synthesis of 2D MXenes with high performance based on molten-salt-assisted strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • High RASD1 transcript levels at diagnosis predicted poor survival in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. • RASD1 promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and chemotherapy resistance and inhibited cell apoptosis in B-ALL. • RASD1 might serve a novel prognostic biomarker for adult B-ALL and as a potential therapeutic target in adult B-ALL patients. Abstract B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults remains a highly challenging disease. Identifying new prognostic biomarkers is necessary to help select the best therapeutic schedules and to improve prognosis. We performed bioinformatics analyses of transcriptomic data to identify aberrantly-expressed mRNA transcripts in B-ALL and focused on RASD1 (Ras-related dexamethasone-induced 1). To date, no information is available on the prognostic value of RASD1 in B-ALL. Fifty-three consecutive adults with de novo B-ALL were enrolled in this study. Our data suggested that RASD1 was abnormally overexpressed in B-ALL. High RASD1 transcript levels at diagnosis were associated with lower survival probabilities (44% [20%–61%] vs. 79% [60%–97%]; P = 0.037) and were also an independent prognostic factor in adult B-ALL (HR = 4.9 [1.5–15.9]; P = 0.008). Functional in vitro analyses and bioinformatic analyses indicated that RASD1 promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and chemotherapy resistance and inhibited cell apoptosis. These data demonstrated that RASD1 might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for adult B-ALL and as a potential therapeutic target in adult B-ALL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early prevention and monitoring of Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) on nightshade is extremely critical for potent prevention and treatment of bacterial wilt disease. We developed two kinds of lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS) using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for rapid diagnosis of plant bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), which both were based on double antibody sandwich method. Three monoclonal antibodies (McAb) highly specific to Rs were obtained by cell fusion and screening after four times of immunization with the strain GIM 1.76. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) with GNPs and FITC were 104 colony forming units per millilitre (CFU/mL) and 106 CFU/mL respectively, then the range detection correspondingly were 104-109 CFU/mL and 106-109 CFU/mL. On top of that, the developed immunoassay could be used for spot and point-of-care testing Rs on tomato seed, ginger seed, casuarina seed and display no cross-reaction with 43 other phytopathogenic strains that also could infect plants so as to cause plants diseases. These results demonstrated that we sucessfully developed two simple, effective and sensitive strips for monitoring bacterial wilt infection. Meanwhile, this is the first report about LFICS labelled by FITC for rapid detection of Rs, and it is the first time conformed that the sensitive of the LFICS with GNPs is significantly higher than FITC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) which could catalyze 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a yellow chromogenic reaction. ZIF-67 showed high peroxidase-like activity compared with copper-based metal−organic framework nanoparticles (Cu-MOF), zinc-based metal−organic framework nanoparticles (ZIF-8), and horseradish peroxidase (HPR). We discovered for the first time that the cobalt-based metal−organic framework nanoparticles possess intrinsic peroxidase-like activity without H2O2, which can be employed to quantitatively monitor the H2O2.ᅟ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrodeposition of nano-Ni films on a Cu substrate from NiCl 2 precursors in choline chloride (ChCl)/urea or ethylene glycol (EG) based deep eutectic solvent (DES) was illustrated. Voltammetric study demonstrates that the electrodeposition of Ni(Ⅱ) in both ChCl/urea and ChCl/EG systems is a simple one-step reaction process, and the electrochemical process is a typical diffusion-controlled irreversible process. The obtained Ni films can be controlled to form nanostructures depending on the DES and the electrodeposition conditions. The nanostructured Ni films were investigated as electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline medium. The enhanced catalytic activity toward the HER was confirmed, which is mainly attributed to the formation of needles morphology and the improved electrochemical surface area. The result reveals that the electrodeposition process may provide a promising strategy for the production of nano-Ni at low temperature for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have reported that flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum can be used as an amendment for saline-alkali soils. However, little information is available regarding the effects of FGD gypsum on soil quality and crop production at large scales. Thus, we evaluated the changes in the soil salinity, sodicity, soluble ion levels, paddy rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield and heavy metal levels in soil and rice after reclamation with FGD gypsum and paddy planting over three years. Data (90 samples) were also collected from three neighbouring saline-sodic fields (1780 ha). As expected, soil salinity and sodicity decreased significantly after two years of reclamation. The levels of electrical conductivity (EC) and the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) decreased rapidly in the first year, and the pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased substantially in the second year. Averaged across the experimental sites, the mean EC, pH, ESP and SAR levels of the soils two years after reclamation decreased by 38.6%, 14.6%, 61.2% and 87.8%, respectively, compared to those of the initial soils. In addition, the concentrations of water-soluble Na + and CO 3 2−  + HCO 3 − were 97.5% and 96.8% lower, respectively, two years after reclamation than the concentrations before reclamation. The paddy rice yield increased over time with reclamation; the mean level in the second year was 7.4 t ha −1 or 80% of the yield harvested from the managed fields of neighbouring farmers. Moreover, the heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and As) contents of both soils and rice were lower than the established standards and below detectable limits after FGD gypsum application. These results confirm that FGD gypsum is a safe and effective way to reclaim saline-sodic soils and worthy of widespread application on the Songnen Plain in Northeast China and in similar ecological areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum has been used as an amendment to reduce soil salinization and alkalinization worldwide. However, the effective and safe use of FGD gypsum in agricultural land is still debatable in some countries, although many studies have reported its beneficial effects on soil management. Therefore, a study was conducted on wasteland (600 ha) close to the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, China. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the long-term effects of FGD gypsum application on soil salinity and sodicity, crop production and heavy metals in soils and crops. The results showed that soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in topsoil (0–20 cm) decreased dramatically during the first year, while a substantial reduction of electrical conductivity (EC) occurred during the second year after FGD gypsum application. Four years later, the EC, pH and ESP levels in reclaimed soils were 58.3%, 92.2% and 95.2% lower, respectively, than those in the initial soils. In addition, the FGD gypsum application altered the major water-soluble ion composition of dissolved salts, showing high Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− concentrations and low concentrations of HCO 3 − , CO 3 2− and other water-soluble ions. After reclamation, the crop yields gradually increased over time, and the sunflower and corn yields reached more than 90% of the levels of local production of these crops. Moreover, the heavy metal (Cd, As, Pb, Hg and Cr) contents of the FGD gypsum-reclaimed soils and crops was far lower than the established standards and below detectable limits. This study provides convincing evidence of the benefits of the large-scale use of FGD gypsum to reclaim saline-alkali soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Modification method enables materials with enhanced CO 2 /H 2 O selectivity. • H 2 O adsorption capacity per amine group decreased by more than 50%. • Modified sorbents show desorption temperature of 60–70 °C. Water vapor in air significantly affects the CO 2 separation performance of solid amine sorbents. Although moisture benefits the CO 2 adsorption process, the co-adsorbed H 2 O in amine sorbents leads to extra regeneration energy consumption, which challenges the application of solid amine sorbents for direct air capture. Reducing H 2 O adsorption and improving the CO 2 /H 2 O selectivity of solid amine sorbents are fundamental solutions. This work clarified the more prominent hydrophilic contribution of polyethylenimine (PEI) layers than support resins for amine-impregnated sorbents. Then, we identified the phenyl group as the preferred additive to enhance the hydrophobic properties of PEI-impregnated sorbents using an orthogonal test. The introduction of hydrophobic phenyl groups reduced the average water vapor adsorption per amine group by more than 50% and increased the CO 2 /H 2 O selectivity of the amine resin sorbents by 68%–89%, resulting in lower heat requirement caused by H 2 O desorption. Despite the modification reduced CO 2 uptake, a modest CO 2 capacity of 1.47–1.6 mmol/g was detected of BZ13.5–40%R20 in a representative air condition (28 °C, relative humidity 50%). In addition, BZ13.5–40%R20 showed stable CO 2 capacity in 10 consecutive temperature swing adsorption cycles (desorption at 70 °C, N 2 stripping) in laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching (RPM) has been promoted to improve water use efficiency and crop productivity. However, limited information exists regarding the effects of substituting adding irrigation (AI) with the RPM on economic benefit, carbon footprint (CF) and the sustainability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, especially under optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilization on the Loess Plateau of China. An eight-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and the CF for wheat production under shifting the adding irrigation with a higher N application rate to the water–efficient field management strategies with a lower N application rate, and to assess the sustainability of wheat production under different N application rates and planting patterns. A factorial experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plots were two N levels (i.e., 120 and 240 kg N ha−1), while four planting patterns [i.e., conventional rainfed flat planting (CRF), AI, RPM, and straw mulching (SM)] were assigned to subplots. After measurement of plant-derived biomass and SOC analysis, we evaluated wheat grain yields and economic performance, and calculated SOC sequestration rate (C seq rate) and the CF during the eight-year experiment periods. Finally, considering the aspects of crop yields, economic benefit, SOC concentration, and GHG emissions, the integrated sustainable evaluation index (SEI) of each field management strategy was calculated. Reducing the N application rate significantly decreased grain yields (4.3%), C seq rate (31.6%), the intensity of CO 2 -eq emissions produced per unit of grain yields (CF GY , 26.6%) and per unit of economic profit (CF EP , 26.4%), while had no significant effect on economic profit and SEI. Compared with the CRF, the RPM significantly enhanced grain yields (11.2%) and C seq rate (48.1%), and SEI (10.6%), while exerting no significant effect on economic profit, CF GY and CF EP. The RPM significantly reduced grain yields (7.2%), CF GY (13.9%) and CF EP (26.7%), but increased the SEI (8.5%) relative to the AI. The SEI value was also enhanced by 7.2% under RPM than that under SM. The integrated strategies of plastic film mulching in combination with a low N application rate might enhance grain yields, economic profit, and soil C sequestration, ultimately achieving sustained wheat production in the studied region. The integrated strategies of plastic film mulching in combination with a low N application rate represented an economically and C-friendly optimal field management practice for wheat production on the Loess Plateau of China or other regions with similar environmental conditions in the world. • N reduction maintained economic profit for wheat production. • Plastic film mulching enhanced economic profit and SOC sequestration rate. • The sustainability increased by 10.6% under plastic film mulching. • Plastic film mulching with low N application was suitable for wheat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) plays a vital role in oncology indications. The efficacy and toxicity of ADC generally depend on the concentration of the drugs in the body system, and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (P.K.) is a quantitative tool to understand the drug concentration in the body. To characterize the whole drug carefully, sophisticated bioanalysis was required. ADC bioanalysis generally needs multiple analysis strategies, which can accurately quantify total antibody (TAb), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), antibody-conjugate payload (ac-payload), and free-payload. In this work, we mainly described and validated a high throughput capture Liquid Chromatography tandem-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) bioanalysis method to detect the concentrations of ac-payload (such as MMAE) in cynomolgus monkey serum. This method was allowed to determinate the Drug to Antibody Ratio (DAR), obtained by n of ac-payload/ n of TAb. In addition, the technique could significantly improve the throughput of the pre-coated antibody on a 96-well plate. Besides, this method had no interference or carryover in endogenous substances and showed linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) in the concentration range within 15.6–2000.0 ng/mL. The inter-run accuracy ranged from 75.8 % to 120.0 %, and precision was within ≤ 20.0 %. Meanwhile, selectivity and the benchtop stability of the method were also validated. This optimization method was successfully applied to the change of average DAR in P.K. study. [Display omitted] • High throughput quantification of distinct ADC by LBA & LC–MS/MS. • High throughput capture procedure for the ac-payload separation from the serum. • Application of the LBA & LC-MS/MS method for quantifying DAR of TK samples in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe irreducible restricted modules of the special Hamiltonian Lie superalgebras of odd type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 3. A sufficient and necessary condition for the restricted Kac modules to be irreducible is given in terms of typical weights. Furthermore, the character formulas for the irreducible quotients of the restricted Kac modules are reduced to the ones for the irreducible quotients of the restricted Kac modules of the Hamiltonian Lie superalgebras of odd type and the ones of a 1 -dimensional central extension of the classical Lie superalgebra of type P ̃ (n). In particular, the composition factors of restricted Kac modules are determined in a sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a matrix polynomial A (λ) of degree d and the associated vector space of pencils DL (A) described in Mackey et al. [12] , we construct a parametrization for the set of left and right transformations that preserve the block structure of such pencils. They form a special class of structure-preserving transformations (SPTs). An SPT in that class maps DL (A) to DL (A ˜) , where A ˜ (λ) is a new matrix polynomial that is still of degree d and whose finite and infinite eigenvalues and their partial multiplicities are the same as those of A (λ). Unlike previous work on SPTs, we do not require the leading matrix coefficient of A (λ) to be nonsingular. We show that additional constraints on the parametrization lead to SPTs that also preserve extra structures in A (λ) such as symmetric, alternating, and T -palindromic structures. Our parametrization allows easy construction of SPTs that are low-rank modifications of the identity matrix. The latter transform A (λ) into a matrix polynomial A ˜ (λ) whose j th matrix coefficient A ˜ j is a low-rank modification of A j. We expect such SPTs to be one of the key tools for developing algorithms that reduce a matrix polynomial to Hessenberg form or tridiagonal form in a finite number of steps and without the use of a linearization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the synthesis of two aggregation-induced emission materials ( PPBC and DPPBC ) with different conjugate strengths of penylethene-carbazole moieties. Their structures have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectra and elemental analysis. Besides, their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescent properties are investigated systematically. Their electrical structures are also studied by theoretical methods. The results reveal that they possess good thermal property of decomposition temperature (313 and 214 °C) and low LUMO energy of −1.91 and −1.87 eV. PPBC and DPPBC also show good electrochemical stabilities and optical properties. Non-doped OLED (device I) adopting PPBC as a deep blue emitter presents deep blue emission (the peak is at 441 nm) with CIE coordinates (0.21, 0.22), possessing a turn-on voltage of 4.8 V, a maximum luminance of 7500 cd m −2 , a maximum luminance efficiency of 1.286 cd A −1 and a maximum power efficiency of 1.339 lm/w; and non-doped OLED (device II) fabricated by DPPBC emits blue-green light (the peak is at 508 nm) with CIE coordinates (0.23, 0.45), achieving a turn-on voltage of 3.6 V, a maximum luminance of 10290 cd m −2 , a maximum luminance efficiency of 4.075 cd A −1 and a maximum power efficiency of 2.559 lm/w. The results demonstrate that these new AIE compounds are promising solid-state luminescent materials with practical utility in non-doped OLED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the text, two luminescent materials ECPPTT and ECDPTT , have been designed and synthesized by integrating tetraphenyl/triphenyl-ethene(TPE/TrPE), carbazole group and thianthrene-9,9,10,10-tetraoxide unit. ECPPTT and ECDPTT possess obvious AIE and TADF capabilities, and show good thermal stability in their thin film of 240 °C and 262 °C, respectively. Non-doped organic light emitting diodes(OLED) using ECPPTT and ECDPTT as emission layer are prepared and exhibit blue-green and green emission color with peaks at 494, 517 nm, respectively. The non-doped OLED based on ECPPTT provides good peak EL efficiencies of 3.437 cdA -1 and 10090cdm -2 ; while non-doped OLED fabricated with ECDPTT affords a maximum current efficiency and a maximum luminance of 2.478 cdA -1 and 7561cdm -2 . These results have demonstrated the feasibility of combing AIE and TADF units to design new molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current work is to synthesize novel boron-containing polymers with excellent thermal resistance, and reveal the structure and the reason for the high char yield. Thus, poly (dihydroxybiphenyl borate) (PDDB) with a more rigid molecular chain, was successfully synthesized using 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl and boric acid. Structural characterizations of the prepared PDDB were performed via NMR, FTIR, XPS, and XRD analyses. The results reveal that PDDB consists of aromatic, Ph O B and B O B structures as well as a small number of boron hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. PDDB shows good solubility in strong polar solvents, which is of great importance for the modification of thermosetting resins. TGA combined with DSC were employed to evaluate the thermal properties of PDDB, and increases in the glass transition temperature (T g ) and char yield were observed with increased boron content. T g and char yield of PDDB (800 °C, nitrogen atmosphere) reached up to 219 °C and 66.5%, respectively. PDDB was extensively characterized during pyrolysis to reveal the high char yield of PDDB. As briefly discussed, the boron oxide and boron carbide that formed during pyrolysis play a crucial role in the high char yield of PDDB, which reduces the release of volatile carbon dioxide and carbon. This research suggests that PDDB has great potential as a novel modified agent for the improvement of the comprehensive performance of thermosetting resins to broaden their applicability in the field of advanced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triclosan, an antimicrobial additive widely used in personal care products, has caused the contamination of various aquatic environment. Biodegradation was proved to play a vital role in the treatment of triclosan in wastewater. However, there is limited information about the metabolic pathway. In this study, three common freshwater microalgae including Chlorella pyrenoidosa ( C. pyrenoidosa ), Desmodesmus sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus ( S. obliquus ) were applied to remove and biodegrade triclosan in aqueous culture medium. High removal rate up to 99.7% was observed during the treatment of 400 μg L −1 triclosan by the three microalgae for 1 day. The removal of triclosan attributed to cellular uptake by C. pyrenoidosa , and biotransformation by Desmodesmus sp. and S. obliquus . Simultaneously, triclosan metabolites resulted from hydroxylation, reductive dechlorination, or ether bond cleavage and their conjugates produced through glucosylation and/or methylation were detected in the biodegradation samples. Metabolic pathway of triclosan by algae were firstly proposed in this work, shedding light on the environmental fate of triclosan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For contact Lie superalgebras of odd type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined CO 2 and SO 2 absorption performance in a new combined capture process was evaluated in this work by experimental study using a lab-scale packed column system and a developed rate-based model in Aspen Plus. The combined absorption experiments were carried out to identify the impact of several key operating parameters, including flue gas SO 2 and CO 2 concentrations, CO 2 and SO 2 loadings, the absorption temperature, and the L/G ratio, on CO 2 absorption and NH 3 volatilization. Experimental results indicated that ≥85% CO 2 absorption efficiency was achieved in 5 wt% aqueous NH 3 solvent containing lean CO 2 loading at 0.2 mol CO 2 /mol NH 3 (C/N) and SO 2 loading at 0.1 mol SO 2 /mol NH 3 (S/N). The rate-based model was developed using the electrolyte-NRTL method and the RateFrac module in Aspen Plus, and validated as compared to the present experimental results. The modeling results showed that the SO 2 loading provided the similar effect on the CO 2 mass transfer, the absorption efficiency and the heat of CO 2 absorption as compared to the CO 2 loading, however, the SO 2 loading resulted in lower NH 3 volatilization compared to CO 2 loading. The lean CO 2 loading and the solvent flow rate dynamic adjustment approaches in association with the lean NH 3 solvent splitting process were studied to analyze the potential coordination of the combined absorption process and the sulfite treatment system. Maintaining 85% CO 2 capture efficiency was possible when SO 2 loading was increased from 0.1 to 0.2 S/N by reducing the lean CO 2 loading from 0.2 to 0.088 C/N or increasing the solvent flow rate from 8 to 14.1 L/h. The time window for the SO 2 treatment by the precipitation process was increased with the increasing split ratio of the lean NH 3 solvent splitting process that was associated with the dynamic adjustment approaches. In the present study, the discussion of the combined absorption experiments using the CO 2 and SO 2 loaded NH 3 solvent, the developed rate-based model, and the operation strategies provided valuable contributions to the advancement of the combined CO 2 and SO 2 capture process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]