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C35H24CoN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.444(2) Å, b = 11.648(2) Å, c = 21.478(4) Å, β = 97.05(3)°, V = 2841.5(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0849, wRref(F2) = 0.1393, T = 153(2) K.

The landscape of therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for locomotor function recovery is rapidly evolving. This review provides an overview of electrical neuromodulation effects on spinal cord injury (SCI), focusing on DBS for motor functional recovery in human and animal models. We highlight research providing insight into underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. A literature review via Web of Science and PubMed databases from 1990 to May 29, 2024, reveals a growing body of evidence for therapeutic DBS in SCI recovery. Advances in techniques like optogenetics and whole-brain tractogram have helped elucidate DBS mechanisms. Neuronal targets sites for SCI functional recovery include the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), cuneiform nucleus (CNF), and nucleus raphe magnus (NRG), with pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and nucleus ventroposterolateral thalami (VPL) for post-injury functional recovery treatment. Radiologically guided DBS optimization and combination therapy with classical rehabilitation have become an effective therapeutic method, though ongoing interventional trials are needed to enhance understanding and validate DBS efficacy in SCI. On the pre-clinical front, standardization of pre-clinical approaches are essential to enhance the quality of evidence on DBS safety and efficacy. Mapping brain targets and optimizing DBS protocols, aided by combined DBS and medical imaging, are critical endeavors. Overall, DBS holds promise for neurological and functional recovery after SCI, akin to other electrical stimulation approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunohistochemical Strept Avidin Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (SABC) three-step method was used to investigate the distribution patterns and developmental changes of GnRH and GnRHR immunopositive (GnRH-ip and GnRHR-ip) cells in the pituitary of Ji Ning Gray goats during 0-180 days of age. The results showed that GnRH-ip and GnRHR-ip cells were detected only in the pars distalis of adenohypophysis. There were no positive cells in the pars intermedia and neurohypophysis. GnRH-ip and GnRHR-ip cells were not observed in the anterior pituitary at birth day and 30 days of age. At 60 days, a number of GnRH-ip and GnRHR-ip cells were found in the anterior pituitary. GnRH-ip cells were pale brown which scattered or clustered around the sinusoid capillary; GnRHR-ip cells were brown and the cytomembrane was darker. The size and percentage of GnRH-ip and GnRHR-ip cells increased with the age growth. The numbers of GnRH-ip and GnRHR-ip cells after sexual maturity were significantly bigger than that before sexual maturity. The results above suggested that GnRH and GnRHR in the pituitary of Ji Ning Gray goats play a pivotal role in the sexual development and sexual maturity.

C35H24CoN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.444(2) Å, b = 11.648(2) Å, c = 21.478(4) Å, β = 97.05(3)°, V = 2841.5(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0849, wRref(F2) = 0.1393, T = 153(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of copper and rare-earth elements on corrosion behavior of high silicon iron-based alloys in nitric acid was studied by means of static and loading current corrosion experiments. The anodic polarization curve was also made to discuss the corrosion mechanism. The examination on alloy microstructure and SEM corrosion pattern showed that when silicon content reached 14.5%, the Fe3Si phase appeared and the primary structure of the iron-base alloy was ferrite. When adding 4.57% copper in the iron alloy, its corrosion resistance in static diluted sulfuric acid was improved while its corrosion resistance and electrochemical corrosion properties in the nitric acid were decreased. In contrast, the addition of rare earth elements could improve the corrosion properties in all above conditions including in static diluted sulfuric acid and in nitric acid.

The effects of acetate and propionate on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a plug-flow [A.SUP.2]O process were evaluated in this study. The wastewater quality indexes and operation parameters were the same when different carbon sources were used. However, we observed no obvious effect of carbon source on nitrogen removal. Denitrifying phosphorus removal was found to play an important role in simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in anoxic reactors because almost the entire carbon source was used for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis in anaerobic reactors, and there was no external carbon source left for heterotrophic denitrification. Propionate was found to be a more effective and energy-saving carbon source for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In addition, the variations in the metabolic chemicals, such as phosphorus, PHA, glycogen, and oxygen, were lower when propionate was used than when acetate was used. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000262 CE Database subject headings: Biological processes; Carbon; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Wastewater management. Author keywords: Biological treatment; Carbon; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Wastewater management.