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The adsorption characteristics of functionalized polystyrene resin for acetaldehyde and furfural in Baijiu were evaluated in comparison with those of other sorbents including activated carbon, diatomite, and AB-8 macroporous resin. The adsorption capacity of the modified polystyrene resin was 60.19 and 47.37 mg/g for acetaldehyde and furfural at 240 min and 323 K, respectively, greatly exceeding that of the other sorbents. Adsorption experiments were conducted on three major commercial flavor types of Baijiu, revealing less than 1% change in the total ester content of Baijiu before and after adsorption, so selective adsorption could be achieved using this sorbent. Its structure was characterized through elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore structure analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption mechanism of aldehydes and furfural on the functionalized resin was investigated using adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The findings indicated that the adsorption process fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich model. Based on the results of ΔG0 > 0, ΔH0 > 0, and ΔS > 0, the adsorption was a non-spontaneous endothermic process. As the adsorption process proceeded, the solution became less orderly, and the adsorption process was primarily governed by chemisorption. This research serves as a reference for the quality and health improvement of Baijiu.

With the continuous development of communication technology and the accelerated arrival of enterprise digitization, the telecom business support system is also evolving and changing. In order to realize the goal of high-quality, high-efficiency and sustainable evolution, telecom operators need to establish an effective and adaptive to the market demand of business support system hierarchical evolution target system. Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of the current telecom business support system and the demand of operation services, a framework of L-PS-M (level-process-system-measurement) hierarchical evolution target system for telecom operation service support was proposed. The framework firstly constructed a three-dimensional cube mapping structure formed by the three dimensional factors of end-to-end business process, system support capability, and hierarchical goal. Secondly, a subdivided implementation path of the operation service support system was given. Thirdly, telecom carriers could carry out the planning and optimization of the system support capability according to the actual demand in a targeted way through the implementation path, so as to improve the efficiency of the operation and system production, and further clarified the evolution of the business support system, which was applicable to telecom operations. It further clarified the evolution direction of the business support system.

For a non-empty set XX, denote the full transformation semigroup on XX by T(X)T\left(X) and suppose that EE is an equivalence relation on XX. Evidently, TE∗(X)={α∈T(X)∣(x,y)∈Eif and only if(xα,yα)∈Efor allx,y∈X}{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)=\left\{\alpha \in T\left(X)| \left(x,y)\in E\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{if and only if}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\left(x\alpha ,y\alpha )\in E\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{for all}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}x,y\in X\right\} is a subsemigroup of T(X)T\left(X). In this article, we investigate Green relations, Green ∗\ast -relations and Green ∼ \sim -relations, various kinds of regularities, ℱ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal F} }}-abundant and G{\mathcal{G}}-abundant elements and left and right magnifying elements in TE∗(X){T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X). More specifically, we first obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions under which ℒ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }} (respectively, ℒ∗{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}^{\ast }, ℒ˜\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}, ℛ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}, ℛ∗{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}^{\ast }, and ℛ˜\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}) is (left, right) compatible, ℛ=ℛ∗{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}={{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}^{\ast } or ℒ=ℒ˜{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}=\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}. Then, we give the sufficient and necessary conditions such that TE∗(X){T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X) is left regular (respectively, right regular, completely regular, intra-regular, and completely simple). Finally, we characterize the ℱ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal F} }}-abundant (respectively, G{\mathcal{G}}-abundant) and left (respectively, right) magnifying elements in TE∗(X){T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X).

The conjugacy relation plays an important role in group theory and the conjugacy relation of groups has been generalized to semigroups in various methods by several authors. If aa and bb are elements of a semigroup SS, then aa is called primarily conjugate to bb if a=uva=uv and b=vub=vu for some u,v∈S1u,v\in {S}^{1}. In general, primary conjugacy is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive. Finding the classes of semigroups in which the primary conjugacy is transitive is an open problem raised by Araújo et al. in the literature. In this article, among other things we prove that the primary conjugacy is transitive in regular ω\omega -semigroups.

The conjugacy relation is an important tool in the study of group theory and now has been generalized to semigroups in several methods. In particular, the p-conjugacy, o-conjugacy, c-conjugacy, i-conjugacy, n-conjugacy and r-conjugacy in semigroups are introduced and investigated extensively and some problems related to these conjugacy relations are proposed. The aim of this paper is to continue the study of conjugacy relations in semigroups around some of these problems. We first point out that p-conjugacy in a semigroup that is embeddable in a group, is not necessarily transitive. Then we obtain a simple sufficient condition under which the o-conjugacy is the universal relation and prove that this condition is also necessary in some natural classes of semigroups. Finally, we explore some properties of r-conjugacy in restriction semigroups, which extends some results on i-conjugacy in inverse semigroups. Our results have answered or partially answered some problems raised by Araújo, Kinyon, Konieczny and Malheiro in [Proc.Roy.Soc.Edinburgh Sect.A 147, 1169–1214, 2017] and [J.Algebra 533, 142–173, 2019]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous progress and development of technology, the Internet of Everything (IoE) is gradually becoming a research hotspot. More companies and research institutes are focusing on the connectivity and transmission between multiple devices in asymmetric networks, such as V2X, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), environmental monitoring, disaster management, agriculture, and so on. The number of devices and business volume of these applications have rapidly increased in recent years, which will lead to a large load of terminals and affect the transmission efficiency of IoE data transmission. To deal with this issue, it has been proposed to perform data transmission via multipath cooperative transmission with multihop transmission. This approach aims to improve transmission latency, energy consumption, reliability, and throughput. This paper designs a channel-sensing-based cooperative transmission mechanism (CSCTM) with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) for user equipment (UE) aggregation mechanism in future asymmetric IoE scenarios, which ensures that IoE devices data can be transmitted quickly and reliably, and supports real-time data processing and analysis. The main contents of this proposed method include strategies of cooperative transmission and redundancy version (RV) determination, a joint combination of decoding process at the receiving side, and a design of transmission priority through ascending offset sort (AOS) algorithm based on channel sensing. In addition, multihop technology is designed for the multipath cooperative transmission strategy, which enables cooperative nodes (CN) to help UE to transmit data. As a result, it can be obtained that CSCTM provides significant advancements in latency and energy consumption for the whole system. It demonstrates improvements in enhanced coverage, improved reliability, and minimized latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let XX be a non-empty set and YY a non-empty subset of XX. Denote the full transformation semigroup on XX by T(X)T\left(X) and write f(X)={f(x)∣x∈X}f\left(X)=\{f\left(x)| x\in X\} for each f∈T(X)f\in T\left(X). It is well known that T(X,Y)={f∈T(X)∣f(X)⊆Y}T\left(X,Y)=\{f\in T\left(X)| f\left(X)\subseteq Y\} is a subsemigroup of T(X)T\left(X) and RT(X,Y)RT\left(X,Y), the set of all regular elements of T(X,Y)T\left(X,Y), also forms a subsemigroup of T(X,Y)T\left(X,Y). Green’s ∗\ast -relations and Green’s ∼ \sim \hspace{0.08em}-relations (with respect to a non-empty subset UU of the set of idempotents) were introduced by Fountain in 1979 and Lawson in 1991, respectively. In this paper, we intend to present certain characterizations of these two sets of Green’s relations of the semigroup T(X,Y)T\left(X,Y). This investigation proves that the semigroup T(X,Y)T\left(X,Y) is always a left Ehresmann semigroup, and RT(X,Y)RT\left(X,Y) is orthodox (resp. completely regular) if and only if YY contains at most two elements.