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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are becoming increasingly promising as environmentally friendly solvents, and accurate prediction of their density and viscosity is crucial for their successful industrial application. However, existing density and viscosity prediction models primarily rely on temperature variations and often overlook changes in the molar ratio of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) to hydrogen bond donors (HBD) in DESs, limiting their practicality. Therefore, in this study, several binary and ternary DESs were synthesized using choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond donor. The densities and viscosities of these DESs were measured, and prediction models for the density and viscosity of DESs based on temperature and molar ratio were developed. These models were used to forecast the density and viscosity of DESs at different temperatures and molar ratios. The model parameters are calibrated using experimental data from this research. Finally, the model is utilized to predict the density and viscosity of DESs mentioned in this paper, as well as DESs with varying HBAs and HBDs. The results demonstrate that the discrepancy between the literature value, experimental value, and calculated value is less than 6%, confirming the universal applicability and reliability of the prediction model proposed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Rectal locations are very rare, and minimally invasive surgery is a good choice for the treatment of rectal GISTs. Case presentation Two women each had a mass located on the lower vaginal-rectal space as determined by transvaginal ultrasound (TV-US), pelvis MR imaging, and colonoscopy. The patients successfully underwent transvaginal excision. The spindle-shaped cells were found in pathological test. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that CD117 and Dog-1 were stained positively. These results confirmed the masses as GISTs. The postoperative period was uneventful without anal dysfunction. Two patients were received adjuvant treatment with imatinib after surgery. Conclusion Transvaginal excision could be a minimally invasive and safe alternative treatment in the management of rectal GISTs in lower locations.

In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to explore the electronic and valleytronic properties of single-layer (SL) SMSiN2 (M = Mo, W), which are two-dimensional Janus materials with strong spin–orbit coupling. Our findings indicate that SL SMoSiN2/SWSiN2 possess a direct/indirect band gap, where the valence band maximum is situated at the K/K′ point, giving rise to the formation of degenerate valleys. When considering spin–orbit coupling, SMoSiN2 and SWSiN2 demonstrate intriguing valley spin splitting in their valleys, with a maximum splitting of up to 0.14/0.39 eV in the valence bands. By implementing magnetic doping with V and Cr, we provide a demonstration that valley polarization could be realized in SL SMSiN2. Moreover, the findings reveal high carrier mobility in SL SMSiN2, notably in SWSiN2, where hole carriers can achieve a remarkable mobility of up to 7.98 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1 along the zigzag direction. Furthermore, our observations suggest that strain can be effectively utilized to manipulate the character and magnitude of the band gap, as well as the valley spin splitting in these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioplastic bags mixed with food waste seem inevitable with the growth of waste classification and the banning of non-biodegradable polymers in China. To solve the asynchronous degradation of both food waste (FW) and bioplastics in the anaerobic digestion process, we investigated to determine the most effective pretreatment method. Among the three treatment options—physical, chemical, and biological—we found that biological pretreatment holds the most promise, primarily due to the efficient catalytic hydrolysis capacity of enzymes. We utilized three types of enzymes—amylases, lipases, and proteinase K—at a concentration of 0.075 g L−1 for pretreatment. The pretreatment process involved subjecting the FW/bioplastics mixture to enzymatic action for a duration of 48 h, at temperatures of 35 °C and 55 °C. We observed that the methane production from anaerobic digestion increased by 22.72%, 32.51%, and 60.95%, respectively, at the temperature of 55 °C when treated with the mentioned enzymes. Additionally, the degradation time of the bioplastic bags decreased from 30 to 24 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed noticeable physical degradation, with the emergence of holes on the surface of the bioplastic following the enzymatic pretreatments and the effect of proteinase K was the most obvious. Further analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the peak observed at 1700 cm−1 is a characteristic peak of proteinase K depolymerization and the peak sign was significantly weakened after the experiment. This discovery suggests that proteinase K possesses a unique ability to break certain chemical bonds within bioplastics. Furthermore, novel bacterial species were identified in the substrate microbiome after proteinase K pretreatment. Notably, temperature was also a significant factor influencing material degradation. The enzymatic pretreatment enhanced biodegradation, resulting in enhanced methane yield during anaerobic digestion. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of biological pretreatment in effectively addressing the asynchronous degradation issue between food waste and bioplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To substitute fossil resources, it is necessary to investigate the conversion of biomass into 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) as a high-value-added chemical. The Pt/deAl-Beta@Mg(OH)2 catalytic system is designed to obtain a higher 1,2-PDO production yield. The optimal yield of 1,2-PDO is 34.1%. The unique shell-core structure of the catalyst demonstrates stability, with a catalytic yield of over 30% after three times of use. The primary process path from glucose to 1,2-PDO, glucose-hexitol-1,2-PDO, is speculated by the experiments of intermediate product selectivity. The alkaline catalytic mechanism of the reaction process is elucidated by studying catalyst characterization and analyzing different time courses of products. The introduction of Mg(OH)2 improves the target yield by promoting the isomerization from glucose to fructose and retro-aldol condensation (RAC) conversion, with pseudo-yield increases of 76.1% and 42.1%, respectively. By studying the processes of producing lactic acid and 1,2-PDO from glucose, the glucose hydrogenolysis flow chart is improved, which is of great significance for accurately controlling 1,2-PDO production in industrial applications. The metal, acid, and alkali synergistic catalytic system constructed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and route reference for applying biomass conversion technology in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The p21 codon 31 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1801270, has been linked to cervical cancer but with controversial results. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of p21 SNP-rs1801270 and other untested p21 SNPs in the risk of cervical cancer in a Chinese population. Methods We genotyped five p21 SNPs (rs762623, rs2395655, rs1801270, rs3176352, and rs1059234) using peripheral blood DNA from 393 cervical cancer patients and 434 controls. Results The frequency of the rs1801270 A allele in patients (0.421) was significantly lower than that in controls (0.494, p = 0.003). The frequency of the rs3176352 C allele in cases (0.319) was significantly lower than that in controls (0.417, p < 0.001).The allele frequency of other three p21 SNPs showed not statistically significantly different between patients and controls. The rs1801270 AA genotype was associated with a decreased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 0.583, 95%CI: 0.399 - 0.853, P = 0.005). We observed that the three p21 SNPs (rs1801270, rs3176352, and rs1059234) was in linkage disequilibrium (LD) and thus haplotype analysis was performed. The AGT haplotype (which includes the rs1801270A allele) was the most frequent haplotype among all subjects, and both homozygosity and heterozygosity for the AGT haplotype provided a protective effect from development of cervical cancer. Conclusions We show an association between the p21 SNP rs1801270A allele and a decreased risk for cervical cancer in a population of Chinese women. The AGT haplotype formed by three p21 SNPs in LD (rs1801270, rs3176352 and rs1059234) also provided a protective effect in development of cervical cancer in this population.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that type-specific persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributed significantly to cervical carcinogenesis. Methods In this population-based study (on 24041 women), we report on the prevalent genotypes of HPVs and the prevalent genotypes of HPV persistent infection in the northeast of China. Results Our results showed that in HPV infected women (45.6% in total), (95% CI, 44.97%–46.23%), 17.35% (95%CI, 16.87%–17.83%) suffered persistent infection. The most common high-risk HPV types in persistent positivity were HPV-16 (18.21%; 95%CI, 17.04%–19.38%), HPV-58 (13.2%; 95%CI, 12.17%–14.23%), HPV-18 (8.66%; 95%CI, 7.81%–9.51%), HPV-52 (7.06%; 95% CI, 6.28%–7.84%) and HPV-33 (6.78%; 95% CI, 6.02%–7.54%). The prevalence of persistent infections with HPV-16,–58, −18, −52 and 33 in cervicitis were lower compared to those in CIN (all P Conclusions we provided extensive results of HPV genotype prevalence and distribution in the northeast of China. HPV genotyping is worthwhile to perform because of its independent prognostic value in cervical cancer