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As an indicator of clinical prognosis, lymph node metastasis of breast cancer has drawn great attention. Many reports have revealed the characteristics of metastatic breast cancer cells, however, the effect of breast cancer cells on the microenvironment components of lymph nodes and spatial transcriptome atlas remains unclear. In this study, by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics, we investigate the transcriptional profiling of six surgically excised lymph node samples and the spatial organization of one positive lymph node. We identify the existence of osteoclast-like giant cells (OGC) which have high expressions of CD68 and CD163, the biomarkers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Through a spatially resolved transcriptomic method, we find that OGCs are scattered among metastatic breast cancer cells. In the lymph node microenvironment with breast cancer cell infiltration, TAMs are enriched in protumoral pathways including NF-κB signaling pathways and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Further subclustering demonstrates the potential differentiation trajectory in which macrophages develop from a state of active chemokine production to a state of active lymphocyte activation. This study is the first to integrate scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics in the tumor microenvironment of axillary lymph nodes, offering a systematic approach to delve into breast cancer lymph node metastasis.

Cancer treatment by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) is critical for tumor therapy. However, ICD activation by single pathway is often limited in practical application due to its low efficiency. In addition, the low pH and anoxic microenvironments in solid tumors greatly limit the effective activation of ICD. Herein, hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) nanomaterials were selected to load both Mitoxantrone (MTZ) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) due to its hollow structure and ability to release drugs in the acidic environments. Thus, the synergy of photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy can induce the process of immunogenic cell death, stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and activate the immune response to kill tumor cells dramatically. Efficient immunotherapeutic effects were obtained when MnO2-C/M-HA was given intravenously to 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice with 660 nm near-infrared laser irradiation. This study overcame the limitations of monotherapy and provided a multifunctional platform for tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol in the aqueous extraction of Polygonum cuspidatum was separated and purified by liquid extraction assistance macroporous adsorption resin mixed bed. Firstly, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate were used to replace diethyl ether that was an effective solvent for separate Resveratrol from aqueous extract. Then, Resveratrol was further separated by macroporous adsorption resin-mixed bed. Finally, the experimental conditions were optimized. When the volume ratio of water and organic mixture was 2/3, extraction time interval was 60 min and extraction times was 5 times, the recovery rate of Resveratrol was 81.10% and the purity was 87.12%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water solution polymerization was adopted to prepare perrhenate ion imprinted polymers in this work, and preparation conditions, such as molar ratio of acrylic acid, N,N - methylene double acrylamide, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid to N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polymerization time and temperature on adsorption separation property were investigated and optimized using adsorption quantities and separation degree as indexes. To enhance the adsorption selectivity, adsorption properties of samples prepared under different conditions were conducted in a mixture aqueous solution of ammonium perrhenate and potassium permanganate with the molar ratio of 1:1. Results showed that as the molar ratio of N,N - methylene double acrylamide, acrylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid to N-vinyl pyrrolidone were 2.0, 1.9, 0.03, and 0.003 respectively, the reaction temperature and time were 35 °C and 24 h, adsorption quantities and separation degree arrived at 0.037 mmol/g and 2.31, respectively, while the adsorption capacities and separation degree of non-imprinted polymers were only 0.009 mmol/g and 0.22. Besides, study was also discovered that the prepared samples presented an exciting reusable stability. Based on samples prepared under optimal conditions, the structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, BET surface area and thermogravimetric analysis using non-imprinted polymer prepared under the same conditions as a control. Finally, the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics were studied, and the kinetics documented that the adsorption of perrhenate ion imprinted polymers was a zero-order model process. The thermodynamics presented the adsorption was more suitable to be expressed by Langmuir model, and Scatchard analysis revealed that heterogeneous binding sites were formed in IIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes in angiogenesis within the tumor tissue of mice bearing S180 tumor at different day-points of oral administration with a Chinese medicine compound "Yiliuyin" (YLY) and to explore the anti-tumor mechanisms of YLY in vivo., Method: Fifty-six BALB/c mice were divided into YLY group and control group (28 mice/group) and each group was divided into four subgroups (7 mice/subgroup), randomly. After 24 hrs of inoculation with S180 tumor cells subcutaneously in the right axilla, YLY in the mice of YLY group and equal volume of cold boiled-water in the mice of control group were administered orally twice every day, 0.5 mL each time. The mice of one subgroup from the two groups apiece were killed at 10, 20, 30 th and 40 th day-point of oral administration, respectively. The tumors were isolated and were made into paraffin embedded sections. The dynamic changes of the angiogenesis (CD34 staining), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and endostatin (ES) in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, and the results were shown as PED (positive enzyme dot)., Result: YLY could remarkably decrease the angiogenesis within tumor tissues. The PED of CD34 in control group at 10, 20, 30 th and 40 th day-point was 392.86+/-42.01, 481.49+/-58.34, 386.31+/-54.91 and 376.69+/-28.71, and that in YLY group was 334.46+/-33.38, 289.34+/-39.63, 257.09+/-40.00 and 246.57+/-36.78, respectively. The PED of CD34 in YLY group at each day-point was lower than that in control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). The PED of VEGF in control group at 10, 20, 30 th and 40 th day-point was 852.63+/-81.65, 1168.40+/-96.69, 1292.60+/-147.54 and 1124.74+/-139.64, and that inYLY group was 718.40+/-94.94, 866.54+/-72.40, 859.31+/-74.02 and 753.34+/-72.95, respectively. The PED of VEGF in YLY group at each day-point was lower than that in control group (P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01 and P <0.01, respectively). The PED of VEGFR-2 in control group at 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day-point was 618.63+/-59.08, 750.09+/-56.72, 684.91+/-72.86 and 644.06+/-60.25, and that in YLY group was 523.91+/-64.66, 449.03+/-46.85, 400.06+/-60.12 and 339.89+/-45.39, respectively. The PED of VEGFR-2 in YLY group at each day-point was lower than that in control group (P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01 and P <0.01, respectively). The PED of ES in control group at 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day-point was 250.26+/-36.27, 298.60+/-44.41, 450.86+/-38.95 and 398.43+/-34.19, and that in YLY group was 249.57+/-40.23, 350.03+/-40.92, 499.40+/-40.29 and 497.94+/-42.76, respectively. There was no difference between the two groups at 10th day-point.The PED of ES in YLY group was higher than that in control group at 20, 30, 40 th day-point (P <0.05, P <0.01 and P <0.01, respectively) ., Conclusion: YLY could exert the anti- tumor role by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2, up-regulating the expression of ES and inhibiting the angiogenesis within tumor tissue.

Objective: To study the relationship between polymorphism of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) gene and the susceptibility of intestinal type stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer in Chinese people., Methods: A community-based case-control study was designed. Ninety-three intestinal type of stomach cancer and 50 stomach cardia cancer patients with endoscopy and pathology diagnosis were identified as cases. Two hundred and forty-six controls served as controls., Results: C-->T polymorphism was found in exon 16 of iNOS gene, which changed the coding amino acid from serine to leucine, and formed a recognition site identified by Tsp 509 I restriction enzyme (we called it C-->T polymorphism). The T allele gene frequency in the control group was 13.21%. No statistically significant difference was found between C-->T polymorphism alone and the increased susceptibility to intestinal stomach cancer or stomach cardia cancer. A significant type 2 multiplicative interaction was found in increasing both the risk of intestinal stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer when both C-->T polymorphism and tobacco smoking exposure existed. An additive interaction model, which showed statistically significant difference, was found to increase only the risk of stomach cardia cancer when CagA antibody shared negative but C-->T polymorphism occurred., Conclusion: C-->T polymorphism of iNOS gene was considered as one of the possible susceptible genes, which specifically increased the risk of tobacco-related but CagA negative types of intestinal stomach cancer and stomach cardia cancer.

Objective: To find out the distributive features of some metabolic genes polymorphisms in Han population of south area of China., Methods: Study population was obtained from the controls of a community based case-control study, which included 290 blood relatives (inner control) and 404 non-blood relatives (outer control)., Results: Frequencies of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms had no significant difference among confounding factors, such as sex, living areas, stomach cancer family history and history of tobacco smoking etc. Some controls showed significant difference in age group and alcohol drinking which would be adjusted in analysis of the relationship between polymorphisms and cancers. CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were 33.43% and 5.62% respectively, which were similar to other results from Chinese and Japanese, but higher than those from Caucasians in American, Europe and African-Americans. GSTM1 null allele frequency was 53.48% in our population, which showed difference even among Chinese in different areas. GSTT1 null allele frequency was 45.78%, which was significantly higher than that in Caucasians and African-American., Conclusion: The frequencies of CYP1A1 Ile/Val, Val/Val and GSTT1 null in Han population in south area of China are significantly higher than those in other races, while the ethnic difference of frequency of GSTM1 null is less.

Objective: To explore the effect of shenmai injection (SI) on expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in peritoneal macrophages (pMPhis) of scald mice., Methods: BALB/c mice were inflicted with 11% of body surface area III degree scald and injected intraperitoneally (ip) with SI daily for 5 days, and expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in pMPhis was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR., Results: In scald mice, the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in pMPhis increased significantly, but it was reduced obviously (P < 0.01) after SI administration, while the livability was increased markedly (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: For scald mice, the cause of death at early stage might be related to the high expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in pMPhis and the use of SI can decrease the death rate.