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Small businesses have suffered disproportionately from the COVID-19 pandemic. We use near-real-time weekly data from the Small Business Pulse Survey (April 26, 2020 - June 17, 2021) to examine the constantly changing impact of COVID-19 on small businesses across the United States. A set of multilevel models for change are adopted to model the trajectories of the various kinds of impact as perceived by business owners (subjective) and those recorded for business operations (objective), providing insights into regional resilience from a small business perspective. The findings reveal spatially uneven and varied trajectories in both the subjectively and the objectively assessed impact of COVID-19 across the U.S., and the different responses to the pandemic shock can be explained by evolving health situations and public policies, as well as by the economic structure and degree of socioeconomic vulnerability in different areas. This study contributes to scholarship on small businesses and regional resilience, as well as identifying policies and practices that build economic resilience and regional development under conditions of global pandemic disruption.

This study examines the experiences of business development centers in higher education institutions (HEIs) to promote entrepreneurship in underserved communities. It draws experiences and perspectives from multiple stakeholders to examine the contribution of HEIs toward equitable economic development and social renewal. Based on extensive qualitative data analyses, this study highlights the role of HEIs as anchor institutions and intermediary enablers of economic development in bridging traditionally split efforts between different university missions. The findings contribute to research and practice on entrepreneurship education and universities' engagement in fostering inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and equitable growth through entrepreneurship.

The paper combines experimental and numerical simulation methods to investigate the tip leakage vortex (TLV) in an oil–gas multiphase pump. The study aims to understand the evolution and dynamic characteristics of the TLV. The vorticity decomposition theory is used to analyze the spatial–temporal evolution, transient behavior, and rigid vorticity of the TLV. The findings reveal that the TLV is formed near the pressure surface when the tip clearance jet passes through the shear layer. In one impeller rotation period, transient fluctuations of the TLV are attributed to pressure differences and velocity changes across the tip clearance, and the TLV undergoes two split–dissipation–recurrence processes within one impeller rotation cycle. The presence of the gas phase enhances the scale and strength of the TLV while prolonging its existence in the flow channel. Analysis based on the rigid vorticity transport equation shows that the growth of the TLV and collapse are primarily governed by the rigid vortex generation term. The Coriolis force term contributes to stabilizing the TLV, while the rigid vorticity stretching term affects its shape. Furthermore, the gas phase significantly increases the value of the Rigid vorticity Curl of pseudo‐Lamb vector Term (RCT), which plays a crucial role in the prolonged existence of the TLV under gas–liquid two‐phase conditions. From an inlet gas void fraction of 0%–20%, the RCT value increases by 4.8 × 106/s2, the entropy production value increases by 75.55%, and the hydraulic efficiency decreases by 16.29%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the experiences of business development centers in higher education institutions (HEIs) to promote entrepreneurship in underserved communities. It draws experiences and perspectives from multiple stakeholders to examine the contribution of HEIs toward equitable economic development and social renewal. Based on extensive qualitative data analyses, this study highlights the role of HEIs as anchor institutions and intermediary enablers of economic development in bridging traditionally split efforts between different university missions. The findings contribute to research and practice on entrepreneurship education and universities' engagement in fostering inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and equitable growth through entrepreneurship., Author(s): Qingfang Wang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266097.c, 0000 0001 2222 1582, School of Public Policy, University of California Riverside, , 92521, Riverside, CA, USA Introduction With the increasing importance [...]

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This study examines university-driven partnerships that promote entrepreneurship in underserved communities, drawing from the experiences of NCGrowth, an economic development center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We address the following questions: Who are the central stakeholders? How do they interact? What do their challenges and experiences imply for policymaking and practice in nurturing entrepreneurship ecosystems in underserved communities? We employed social-network analyses of NCGrowth's projects spanning 2013–2019, supplemented by document analysis of archival data and in-depth interviews. The study uncovers highly asymmetric connections among stakeholders, with universities and government agencies emerging as dominant entities, leveraging universities' specialized knowledge and community relationships. Nevertheless, challenges surface due to overlapping roles as facilitators, the absence of consistent community carriers of development plans, and a dearth of financial institutions. Our findings advocate for an ecosystem-focused approach to economic development in underserved areas, emphasizing the involvement of additional anchor institutions such as hospitals, major corporations, and philanthropists. Furthermore, policies and practices should integrate the objectives of entrepreneurship, economic growth, and social equity to cultivate inclusive entrepreneurship ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research summary: We examine the efficacy of the California Fair Chance Act (CFCA) policy—legislative stipulations regarding employers' hiring of individuals with criminal records—on practices and outcomes in two Southern California counties during 2021. We rely on survey and experiment data with 542 hiring decision makers to investigate employer and personal compliance with the CFCA, whether applicant appeals affect employers' willingness to hire them, and heterogeneity in treatment effects across firms and industries. Close to 80% of hiring decision makers violate the CFCA by obtaining background information before they extend an offer, appeals have a minimal impact on hiring outcomes, and firm‐level characteristics continue to shape hiring practices to some extent. Policy implications: Although certain firms comply with the relatively new CFCA, most employers violate it by seeking applicant criminal background information, a practice that has profound consequences for those with criminal records as well as other disadvantaged groups. This finding underscores the discrepancy between de jure and de facto policy practices. Better statewide enforcement of the CFCA coupled with increased employer educational training could help reform it and improve policy adherence. Given it is a young policy, future research should continue to assess the CFCA's efficacy over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]