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One of the most significant diseases in the swine business, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes respiratory problems in piglets and reproductive failure in sows. The PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) protein is essential for the virus' assembly, replication, and immune evasion. Stages in the viral replication cycle can be impacted by interactions between the PRRSV nucleocapsid protein and the host protein components. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the interaction between the PRRSV nucleocapsid protein and the host. Nevertheless, no information has been published on the network of interactions between the nucleocapsid protein and the host proteins in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). In this study, 349 host proteins interacting with nucleocapsid protein were screened in the PRRSV-infected PAMs through a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based proteomics approach. Bioinformatics analysis, which included gene ontology annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database enrichment, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, revealed that the host proteins interacting with PRRSV-N may be involved in protein binding, DNA transcription, metabolism, and innate immune responses. This study confirmed the interaction between the nucleocapsid protein and the natural immune-related proteins. Ultimately, our findings suggest that the nucleocapsid protein plays a pivotal role in facilitating immune evasion during a PRRSV infection. This study contributes to enhancing our understanding of the role played by the nucleocapsid protein in viral pathogenesis and virus–host interaction, thereby offering novel insights for the prevention and control of PRRS as well as the development of vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smooth surface blasting control technology is aimed at blasting the rock body until it is left with a smooth surface and to protect it from damage; the current air spaced axial uncoupled charge and air spaced radial uncoupled continuous charge are effective charging structures for smooth surface blasting. Reserved air spacing can effectively reduce the blast wave and the peak pressure of the explosive gas, improving the quasi-static pressure of the explosive gas under the action of rock surface blasting with fracture seam quality. In order to ensure the effect of surface blasting, small-diameter light surface holes are more often used; with the development of drilling machinery, the use of large-diameter light blast holes with an oversized uncoupled coefficient of loading structure effectively improves the efficiency of the construction and at the same time achieves better blasting results. However, according to the bursting assumption of obtaining the theory of light surface blasting in the application of large uncoupling coefficient loading, light surface blasting has certain limitations. In this regard, the bursting theory explores the air spacing uncoupling charge in line with the multi-faceted exponential expansion of the critical uncoupling coefficient and is in accordance with the following: the requirements of light surface blasting and the field loading structure; the derivation of the quasi-static pressure on the wall of the gunhole under the action of large uncoupling, uncoupling coefficient, and the parameters of the spacing between the gunholes; the establishment of the axial uncoupling coefficient and the radial uncoupling coefficient-equivalent relationship between the uncoupling coefficient and the theoretical relationship between the selection of the spacing between the holes; the uncoupling coefficient and the selection of the theoretical relationship between the spacing between the holes. This study reveals the mechanism by which different parameters of surface blasting can achieve good results in engineering practices. A slope in Guizhou is an example of sample calculations and the application of two different charging structures applied to field loading, which have achieved good surface blasting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a type of vapor chamber with a gradient pore size wick (VC-G) was developed, and its thermal performance was experimentally tested and compared with two types of VCs with uniform pore size wick (which can be defined as VC-U (200) and VC-U (50) as the powder size of the wick is 50-mesh and 200-mesh, respectively) and a VC without a wick (VC-N). In addition, a VC heat transfer ability experiment platform was built, and the thermal resistance, temperature distribution and thermal response time of the VC with different wick structures were experimentally investigated. The experiment results show that the capillary driving force provided by gradient pore size wick increases gradually from outside, which can not only promote the condensation fluid to gather in the central heat source but also facilitate the vapor to spread around. Therefore, compared with VC-U (200), VC-U (50) and VC-N, VC-G shows the best heat transfer performance, temperature uniform performance and start-up performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]