Search

The intercalation of anthracene units into polythiophene backbone can significantly regulate the discoloration properties of polymers, but the high polymerization potential leads to poor film-forming quality and properties of polymers. In order to reduce the oxidation potential of monomers containing anthracene units, a monomer 9, 10-bis (2-thiophenyl) anthracene (Th-An-Th) was synthesized by Stille coupling reaction and electrochemically polymerized in polymerization solvent BFEE, BFEE + CF3COOH, LiClO4/ACN and LiClO4/PC, respectively. The results show that th an th is difficult to copolymerize by electrochemical reaction. However, it can be a good comonomer to obtain copolymers with other monomers such as thiophene (Th), 3-methylthiophene (MeTh), 3, 4-ethylenethiophene (EDOT) and selenophone (SePh) via electrochemical copolymerization. The copolymerized films are named as P1, P2, P3 and P4. Cyclic voltammetry and FTIR tests confirm the polymerization process and the characteristic structure of the copolymers. The spectroelectrochemical test results show that the series of copolymers have rich color conversion properties. P1, P3 and P4 films can change four colors under -0.6 V to 1.0 V scanning, and show good near-infrared discoloration ability. The copolymer film has fast switching response rate and good electrochemical stability. The bleaching and coloring response times of P4 film at 521 nm are 1.9 s and 3.4 s, respectively, and the optical contrast is 35.6%. After 210 switching cycles, the optical contrast of the copolymer is only lost by 2.3%, and the electrochemical activity of the copolymer remains 82% after 400 cycles.

Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The widespread use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with different physico–chemical properties poses a great threat to the environment and human health. Simultaneous detection of different classes of PFASs is a difficult task, especially for rapid analysis of polluted water samples in environmental forensic cases. In this study, a simple sample preparation ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was established for the detection of PFASs in a wide range of water matrices. By optimizing the conditions of pretreatment and the parameters of the instrument, the developed method provided good linearity of calibration standards (R2 > 0.99), and demonstrated excellent MLOQ (0.008–1.2 µg/L), with spiked recoveries ranging from 57.7% to 151% for 47 targets in surface water samples, and from 45.7 to 165% for 46 targets in ground and waste water samples, respectively. This method required an injection volume of 3 µL and an analysis time of only 18 min per sample. The validation method was successfully applied to the analysis of 20 environmental water samples, in which 15 target substances with different concentrations were detected, with total concentrations of 0.082 to 262.455 μg/L. The method is simple and exclusive, and can rapidly confirm the occurrence of PFASs in different water samples, providing a convenient and fast high-throughput analysis, which is especially suitable for the application in the environmental forensic investigation of PFASs pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: China's deer population is rich in resources and species; how to improve the health status of the deer population and reduce the occurrence of intestinal diseases is a necessary direction for current research. In this study, Enterococcus faecalis was used as the research object to explore the effect of lactic acid bacteria on deer growth performance and intestinal health and to further investigate the role played by lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal health status of deer. The results of this study showed that the addition of Enterococcus faecalis to the feed promoted weight gain, improved immune function, altered the structure of the intestinal flora of fallow deer, especially increasing the abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and increased the abundance of the Ruminococcaceae and Lacertococcaceae at the same phylum as that of Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, metabolomic analyses also revealed that Enterococcus faecalis supplementation increased the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and phospholipids by the intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, this study revealed the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria on growth traits, immunity and intestinal health of deer and provided a scientific basis for the further development of deer-specific probiotic products to promote intestinal health and reduce intestinal diseases in deer species in the future. Intestinal diseases are one of the diseases that affect the growth and immunity of deer. Currently, more lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are available as feed additives to improve the intestinal ecological balance of ruminants in production practices. In this study, Enterococcus faecalis was supplemented in the feed of fallow deer for 170 d, and body weights, blood indices and immune levels of fallow deer were counted at 35, 65 and 170 d. The effects of Enterococcus faecalis on the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of fallow deer were analysed using 16S rDNA and UPLC-MS/MS methods. The results showed that the addition of Enterococcus faecalis to the diet improved body weight and immune function and increased the aggregation of gut microbiota in fallow deer. The addition of Enterococcus faecalis altered the community structure of intestinal microorganisms in fallow deer and increased the number of beneficial bacteria. In addition, combined with metabolomics analysis, it was found that supplementation with Enterococcus faecalis significantly altered the metabolites of fallow deer, mainly regulating lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and phospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, this study presents, for the first time, evidence that the LAB strain Enterococcus faecalis can be used as a potential probiotic for deer and points to a new direction for the treatment of intestinal disorders in the deer family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical vapour deposition of carbon-containing precursors on metal substrates is currently the most promising route for the scalable synthesis of large-area, high-quality graphene films.sup.1. However, there are usually some imperfections present in the resulting films: grain boundaries, regions with additional layers (adlayers), and wrinkles or folds, all of which can degrade the performance of graphene in various applications.sup.2-7. There have been numerous studies on ways to eliminate grain boundaries.sup.8,9 and adlayers.sup.10-12, but graphene folds have been less investigated. Here we explore the wrinkling/folding process for graphene films grown from an ethylene precursor on single-crystal Cu-Ni(111) foils. We identify a critical growth temperature (1,030 kelvin) above which folds will naturally form during the subsequent cooling process. Specifically, the compressive stress that builds up owing to thermal contraction during cooling is released by the abrupt onset of step bunching in the foil at about 1,030 kelvin, triggering the formation of graphene folds perpendicular to the step edge direction. By restricting the initial growth temperature to between 1,000 kelvin and 1,030 kelvin, we can produce large areas of single-crystal monolayer graphene films that are high-quality and fold-free. The resulting films show highly uniform transport properties: field-effect transistors prepared from these films exhibit average room-temperature carrier mobilities of around (7.0 [plus or minus] 1.0) × 10.sup.3 centimetres squared per volt per second for both holes and electrons. The process is also scalable, permitting simultaneous growth of graphene of the same quality on multiple foils stacked in parallel. After electrochemical transfer of the graphene films from the foils, the foils themselves can be reused essentially indefinitely for further graphene growth. Restricting the initial growth temperatures used for chemical vapour deposition of graphene on metal foils produces optimum conditions for growing large areas of fold-free, single-crystal graphene., Author(s): Meihui Wang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ming Huang [sup.1] [sup.5] , Da Luo [sup.1] , Yunqing Li [sup.1] [sup.3] , Myeonggi Choe [sup.1] [sup.3] , Won Kyung Seong [sup.1] , [...]

Electricity forward market contract trading constitutes a principal trading method in the electricity market. To address deviations from or non-compliance with contracts in China's forward electricity market, an Energy Deviation Settlement (EDS) mechanism has been implemented. However, the current EDS mechanism is marred by unscientific penalties and imprecise deviation cost assessments. Consequently, this paper proposes a deviation responsibility assessment method based on time-sharing trading prices. Initially, the total annual contracted power is decomposed to derive the hourly deviation power for all 8760 h of the year. Subsequently, considering the power supply cost and load level, this paper proposes four pricing strategies for typical supply–demand scenarios and constructs a time-sharing trading pricing model based on cost pricing. Finally, this paper conducts a simulation using actual electricity data from China's Province H. The results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional EDS mechanism, the proposed method can more accurately and reasonably measure the value of deviation responsibility. Concurrently, it can be better integrated with the future development of real-time spot market operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]