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Radiotherapy is an essential postoperative treatment for grade II gliomas. However, comparative dosimetric studies of different radiotherapy plans for grade II gliomas are still lacking. Therefore, we conducted this case series analysis to compare the dosimetric differences among helical tomotherapy (TOMO), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for grade II gliomas. To achieve that, seven diagnosed postoperative patients with grade II gliomas were analyzed by computed tomography and then planned with TOMO, VMAT, and IMRT. The plan target volume (PTV) prescribed dose was 50 Gy (daily fraction of 2.0 Gy, 5 days/week). The expected treatment efficiency was measured by monitor units (MUs) scoring. Treatment plans of the patients were compared in the quality of target volumes dosage coverage, the efficiency of dosage delivery, and the dosage exposure of normal adjacent organs at risk (OAR). Differences in each method were measured by utilizing the Nonparametric ANOVA. The study shows that TOMO achieved a significantly higher PTV-D98% (doses received by 98% of the PTV volume) than VMAT and IMRT (50.30 ± 0.13 vs 49.21 ± 0.19, p = 0.006; 50.30 ± 0.13 vs 49.78 ± 0.18, p = 0.014), while there was no difference in PTV-D2% (doses received by 2% of the PTV volume). IMRT achieved a conformity index (CI) preferably, and TOMO generated a favorable homogeneity index (HI) (p < 0.05 for both). The MUs were fewer for VMAT than IMRT and TOMO (294 ± 19, 572 ± 24, 317 ± 97, respectively). IMRT achieved better protection for the lens and brain stems. Our case series study indicated that TOMO, VMAT, and IMRT achieved a comparatively good target dosimetric coverage, and most OARs were protected well. IMRT is not inferior to TOMO and VMAT and is still very suitable for treating most grade II glioma patients.

One hitherto unknown protoilludane-type sesquiterpene, 8 β -hydroxyepicoterpene D (1), along with two novel prenylated aromatic compounds, namely coriolopsisins A and B (2 – 3), were isolated from the ethanol extract of Coriolopsis trogii fruit body. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic data analysis and comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 2 and 3 are rare examples in which the isopentenyl group is attached to the side chain of the aromatic ring rather than directly to the aromatic ring, containing succinimide and alkynyl segments, respectively. Plausible biosynthetic pathways of compounds 2 and 3 are proposed and unique aromatic prenyltransferases may exist. [Display omitted] • One protoilludane-type sesquiterpene and two prenylated aromatic compounds were isolated from Coriolopsis trogii. • 8 β -Hydroxyepicoterpene D (1) was a novel a split-ring protoilludane-type sesquiterpenoid. • Coriolopsisins A and B (2 and 3) were rare examples containing succinimide and alkynyl segments, respectively. • The structures were established via extensive analyses of the spectroscopic data and ECD data. • Plausible biosynthetic pathways of coriolopsisins A and B (2 and 3) are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three‐dimensional Cu‐MOF (XJU‐1) was synthesized based on 5‐((4‐[1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl]benzyl)amino)isophthalic acid ligand (H3L), which showed excellent performance for Fenton‐like degradation of organic dyes (rhodamine B [RhB], methylene blue [MB], methyl orange [MO], methyl violet [MV], congo red [CR], malachite green [MG], xylenol orange [XO]). The results demonstrated that XJU‐1 could efficiently activate H2O2 to achieve 100% removal of RhB and MB with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L under 10 W light‐emitting diode ultraviolet light irradiation within 7 and 6 min, respectively. The possible degradation mechanism was investigated via active species capture experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, and the electrochemical analyses. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the principal active specie at the whole process, whereas superoxide radical (•O2−), singlet oxygen (1O2) could boost the Fenton‐like reaction for the mineralization of RhB and MB dyes. Possible degradation pathways of RhB and MB were assumed based on the testing results of intermediates. The studies showed that the XJU‐1 still maintained an excellent efficiency for RhB and MB degradation after five cycles. In addition, the iodine capture of XJU‐1 in cyclohexane solution was investigated, the results showed that XJU‐1 had excellent adsorption performance for iodine, and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 368 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new lanthanide complexes {[Sm(H2L)(H2O)4(Cl)]⋅H2O⋅Cl}n (1), {[Eu(H2L)(H2O)4Cl]⋅Cl}n (2), {[La(H2L)(H2O)4Cl]⋅Cl}n (3), {[Pr(H2L)(H2O)4Cl]⋅Cl}n (4), {[Ce(H2L)(H2O)4Cl]⋅Cl}n (5) (H3L = 2‐hydroxy‐5‐(5‐(hydroxy‐λ2‐methoxy)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid) were successfully synthesized under solvothermal method. 1 exhibits a two‐dimensional (2D) network structure, whereas 2–5 feature one‐dimensional (1D) chain structure. The fluorescence investigations demonstrated that 1–5 could be the fluorescent sensor for nitrobenzene (NB) and Fe(III) ions with high selectivity, sensitivity, and low detection limits. Furthermore, 1–5 displayed the good adsorption to anionic dye Congo red (CR), and the adsorption capacities were 140.5, 206.5, 212.5, 111.5, and 211.5 mg·g−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) noninvasively modulates the excitability of the brain, and is a promising method for treating diseases in the central nervous system. tDCS is safe, effective and affordable, and has been increasingly applied in neuroscience research. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely-used tool to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying neural mechanisms of tDCS. Herein we briefly reviewed the progresses of applications of fMRI in tDCS research. Both clinical trials and animal model experiments were discussed, as well as the perspectives of future applications.

The plate counting method widely used at present to discern viable from non-viable Brucella in the host or cell is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid, simple method for detecting and counting viable Brucella organisms.