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Camellia oleifera Abel ('Huashuo') is an important woody oil species with high economic value. Low yield is the main factor restricting the rapid development of the tea-oil industry. The dynamics of sugars, oil, endogenous hormones, and the genes involved in these pathways, as well as the correlation with oil synthesis-related factors in Huashuo, were investigated. The results showed that oil content was positively correlated with sucrose and starch content but was negatively correlated with reducing sugar content. Pyruvate kinase (PK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) of the glycolysis pathway could be beneficial for oil biosynthesis. Higher levels of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD), and WRINKLED1 (WRI1), as well as lower levels of omega-6 fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and lipoxygenase 5 (LOX5) could be responsible for the oil production. The higher expression of gibberellin 20 oxidase (GA20ox), lower expression of gibberellic acid insensitive (GAI), and the increase in 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) at the mRNA level could contribute to oil accumulation. The results of this study could provide a reference for increasing the yield of plants related to Huashuo. Key words: Camellia oleifera Abel, Huashuo, sugar, fatty acids, endogenous hormones, gene expression profiles. Camellia oleifera Abel ('Huashuo') est une importante espece ligneuse productrice d'huile comestible a haute valeur economique. Le faible rendement constitue le principal facteur limitant le developpement rapide de l'industrie de l'huile de the. La dynamique des sucres, des lipides, des hormones endogenes et des genes impliques dans ces voies, ainsi que la correlation avec les facteurs lies a la synthese de l'huile chez Huashuo ont ete etudiees. Les resultats ont montre que la teneur en huile etait positivement correlee a la teneur en sucrose et en amidon, mais negativement correlee a la teneur en sucres reducteurs. La pyruvate kinase (PK) et la fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) de la voie de la glycolyse pourraient etre benefiques a la biosynthese de l'huile. Des niveaux plus eleves d'acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), de stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) et de WRINKLED1 (WRI1), mais des niveaux plus faibles de l'acide gras omega-6 desaturase 2 (FAD2) et de lipoxygenase 5 (LOX5) pourraient etre responsables de la production d'huile. L'expression plus elevee de la gibberelline 20 oxydase (GA20ox), mais l'expression plus faible de l'insensible a l'acide gibberellique (GAI) ainsi que l'augmentation de la 9-cis-epoxycarotenoide dioxygenase (NCED) au niveau de l'ARNm pourraient contribuer a l'accumulation d'huile. Les resultats de cette etude pourraient servir de reference pour accroître le rendement des plantes apparentees a Huashuo. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Camellia oleifera Abel, Huashuo, sucre, acides gras, hormones endogenes, profils d'expression genique., Introduction Camellia oleifera Abel, one of the main woody oil plants in the world, originated in China and is still widely cultivated throughout the country. The oil from C. oleifera [...]

Converting CO2 into methanol on a large scale is of great significance in the sustainable methanol economy. Zirconia species are considered to be an essential support in Cu‐based catalysts due to their excellent properties for CO2 adsorption and activation. However, the evolution of Zr species during the reaction and the effect of their structure on the reaction pathways remain unclear. Herein, single‐site Zr species in an amorphous SiO2 matrix are created by enhancing the Zr−Si interaction in Cu/ZrO2‐SiO2 catalysts. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that the coordination environment of single‐site Zr is sensitive to the atmosphere and reaction conditions. We demonstrate that the CO2 adsorption occurs preferably on the interface of Cu and single‐site Zr rather than on ZrO2 nanoparticles. Methanol synthesis in reverse water‐gas‐shift (RWGS)+CO‐hydro pathway is verified only over single‐dispersed Zr sites, whereas the ordinary formate pathway occurs on ZrO2 nanoparticles. Thus, it expands a non‐competitive parallel pathway as a supplement to the dominant formate pathway, resulting in the enhancement of Cu activity sixfold and twofold based on Cu/SiO2 and Cu/ZrO2 catalysts, respectively. The establishment of this dual‐channel pathway by single‐site Zr species in this work opens new horizons for understanding the role of atomically dispersed oxides in catalysis science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can influence biochemical parameters. Therefore, using reference intervals based on specimens from non-pregnant women to interpret laboratory results during pregnancy may be inappropriate. This study aimed to establish the essential reference intervals for a range of analytes during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 13,656 healthy pregnant and 2634 non-pregnant women. Fifteen biochemical measurands relating to renal and hepatic function were analysed using an Olympus AU5400 analyzer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). All the laboratory results were checked for outliers using Dixon's test. Reference intervals were established using a non-parametric method. Results Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, cholinesterase, creatinine, direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, total bile acid and total protein showed a decrease during the whole gestational period, while alkaline phosphatase and uric acid increased. Urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin and cystatin-C fell significantly during the first trimester and then remained relatively stable until third trimester. Reference intervals of all the measurands during normal pregnancy have been established. Conclusions The reference intervals established here can be adopted in other clinical laboratories after appropriate validation. We verified the importance, for some measurands, of partitioning by gestational age when establishing reference intervals during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting CO 2 into methanol on a large scale is of great significance in the sustainable methanol economy. Zirconia species are considered to be an essential support in Cu-based catalysts due to their excellent properties for CO 2 adsorption and activation. However, the evolution of Zr species during the reaction and the effect of their structure on the reaction pathways remain unclear. Herein, single-site Zr species in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix are created by enhancing the Zr-Si interaction in Cu/ZrO 2 -SiO 2 catalysts. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that the coordination environment of single-site Zr is sensitive to the atmosphere and reaction conditions. We demonstrate that the CO 2 adsorption occurs preferably on the interface of Cu and single-site Zr rather than on ZrO 2 nanoparticles. Methanol synthesis in reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS)+CO-hydro pathway is verified only over single-dispersed Zr sites, whereas the ordinary formate pathway occurs on ZrO 2 nanoparticles. Thus, it expands a non-competitive parallel pathway as a supplement to the dominant formate pathway, resulting in the enhancement of Cu activity sixfold and twofold based on Cu/SiO 2 and Cu/ZrO 2 catalysts, respectively. The establishment of this dual-channel pathway by single-site Zr species in this work opens new horizons for understanding the role of atomically dispersed oxides in catalysis science., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is an uncommon facial pain syndrome and is characterized by paroxysms of excruciating pain in the distributions of the auricular and pharyngeal branches of cranial nerves IX and X. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia characterized by otalgia alone is rare. Herein, the authors analyzed 2 patients with GPN with otalgia as the main clinical manifestation. The clinical features and prognosis of this rare group of patients with GPN were discussed. They both presented with paroxysmal pain in the external auditory meatus and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging suggested the vertebral artery were closely related to the glossopharyngeal nerves. In both patients, compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve was confirmed during microvascular decompression, and the symptoms were relieved immediately after surgery. At 11 to 15 months follow-up, there was no recurrence of pain. A variety of reasons can cause otalgia. The possibility of GPN is a clinical concern in patients with otalgia as the main complaint. The authors think the involvement of the glossopharyngeal nerve fibers in the tympanic plexus via Jacobson nerve may provide an important anatomic basis for GPN with predominant otalgia. Surface anesthesia test of the pharynx and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for diagnosis. Microvascular decompression is effective in the treatment of GPN with predominant otalgia., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)