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Abstract Background Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral cavity cancer, and p16 immunohistochemistry is an exact and available tool in the prognostic and predictive characterization of squamous cell cancers in the head and neck. Microorganisms have a close relationship with the development of TSCC. However, the association between oral bacteria and p16 status has not been well defined in the case of TSCC. Compared with traditional clinical microbial collection methods, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples have several advantages. Methods To compare the microbiota compositions between p16-positive and p16-negative patients with TSCC, we performed a small pilot study of microbiological studies of TSCC by paraffin tissue. DNA from FFPE tissue blocks were extracted and microbiomes were profiled by sequencing the 16 S-rRNA-encoding gene (V1–V2/V3-V4/V4 regions). Alterations in the functional potential of the microbiome were predicted using PICRUSt, Tax4Fun, and BugBase. Results A total of 60 patients with TSCC were enrolled in the study, however, some challenges associated with DNA damage in FFPE tissues existed, and only 27 (15 p16-positive and 12 p16-negative) passed DNA quality control. Nevertheless, we have tentatively found some meaningful results. The p16 status is associated with microbiota diversity, which is significantly increased in p16-positive patients compared with p16-negative patients. Desulfobacteria, Limnochordia, Phycisphaerae, Anaerolineae, Saccharimonadia and Kapabacteria had higher abundances among participants with p16-positive. Moreover, functional prediction revealed that the increase of these bacteria may enhance viral carcinogenesis in p16-positive TSCC. Conclusions Bacterial profiles showed a significant difference between p16-positive TSCC and p16-negative TSCC. These findings may provide insights into the relationship between p16 status and the microbial taxa in TSCC, and these bacteria may provide new clues for developing therapeutic targets for TSCC.

In this study, a renewable and reusable immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa microsphere loaded with magnetic Nano-Fe3O4 composite adsorbent material is designed to study the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal Sb(III). Through static absorption experiments combined with various characterization methods, this article studies the absorption process and mechanism of Sb(III), and investigates the optimal preparation conditions and environmental influencing factors. The results show that the optimal preparation conditions for immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa microspheres loaded with magnetic Nano-Fe3O4 adsorbent materials are 50.0% mass fraction of Microcystis suspension, 1.5% mass fraction of Nano-Fe3O4, and 2.5% mass fraction of sodium alginate. When the pH of the solution is 4, the reaction temperature is 25 °C, and the adsorbent dosage is 8.5 g/L, the removal rate of Sb(III) is the highest, reaching 83.62% within 120 min. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, mainly characterized by chemical adsorption and surface complexation. Therefore, the composite material has been proven to be an efficient Sb (III) adsorption material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important reference of reservoir regulation, more and more attention has been paid to the numeric precipitation forecast. Due to the uncertainty of meteorological prediction, reservoir regulation based on precipitation forecasts may lead to flood control risks. Therefore, the reliability of precipitation forecasts is crucial to the formulation of reservoir regulation strategy based on it. In this paper, a reliability assessment model for a continuous precipitation forecast is proposed based on the first-passage problem and fuzzy mathematics. The uncertainty of precipitation forecast is described by the generalized Bayesian model, and the fuzzy reliability of a continuous precipitation forecast can be obtained by the first-passage fuzzy probability model (FFPM). Due to the importance of a no-rain period in flood resource utilization, the no-rain forecasts from four different forecast centers in the Meishan basin are used as an example. The results show that the fuzzy mathematics is helpful in describing the uncertainty of the boundary for the no-rain set, and the fuzzy reliability of the no-rain forecast is affected by the selection of the range for the no-rain forecast, while the influence of the membership function is limited. Furthermore, due to the downward trend of fuzzy reliability as the lead time increases, there is a contradiction between excess water storage of the reservoir and the fuzzy reliability of the no-rain forecast. A longer continuous no-rain period means more excess water storage, but it also faces lower reliability. In actual reservoir regulation, the results of FFPM can be combined with more information to formulate better strategies for reservoir regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]