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The application of distributed sensors in smart transmission lines to replace traditional inspection methods is an inevitable trend. Currently, the challenge of energy supply for sensors serves as a bottleneck that hinders the intelligent development of transmission lines. This paper focuses on the application of self‐powered inspection technology based on triboelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms in transmission lines. It proposes a self‐powered temperature and vibration monitoring and warning system (STV‐MWS) for multi‐parameter monitoring of transmission line status. This work utilizes the quasi‐zero stiffness structure and center misalignment design to improve the output performance of STV‐MWS at low vibration amplitude, thereby extending its vibration amplitude response range. The STV‐MWS is capable of harvesting and monitoring vibration of 50 µm and above vibration amplitude and 2–700 Hz vibration frequencies, which fully covers the breeze vibration range of transmission lines. Through the split package design, the flexible deployment of STV‐MWS is achieved, further enhancing its engineering application value. This work can effectively ensure that the transmission line inspection can carry out accurate status monitoring and intelligent analysis in the environment characterized by steep terrain, challenging power extraction, and difficult fault judgment, thereby realizing the visualization and intelligence of the transmission line status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting citywide traffic congestion on large road networks has long been a nontrivial research problem due to the challenge of modeling complex evolution patterns of congestion in highly stochastic traffic environments. Arguing that purely data‐driven methods may not perform well for congestion forecasting, we propose a deep marked graph process model for predicting the congestion indices and the occurrence time of traffic congestion events for complex signalized road networks. Traffic congestion is considered as a nonrigorous spatiotemporal extreme event. We extend the traditional point process model by integrating a specially designed spatiotemporal graph convolutional network. This hybrid strategy takes advantage of the simple form of the point process model as well as the ability of graph neural networks to emulate the evolution of congestion. Experiments on real‐world congestion data sets show that the proposed method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art baseline methods, yielding satisfactory prediction results on a large signalized road network with superior computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought and salt stress worldwide, with profound impacts on tree growth and survival. However, the response of plant hydraulic transport and carbon balance to combined drought and salt stress remains unclear. This study investigated the leaf physiological traits, stem xylem hydraulic traits, and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings under normal irrigation treatment (CK, freshwater at 80–100% FC); salt stress treatment (SS, 0.3% soil salinity with freshwater); drought stress treatment (DS, withholding irrigation); and combined drought and salt treatments (SDS, 0.3% soil salinity withholding irrigation). Our results showed that the leaf physiological traits responded differently to different treatments. DS and SDS treatment significantly decreased leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, while SS treatment did not. DS treatment increased stomatal density but decreased stomatal area to adapt to water deficit, while SS and SDS treatment decreased stomatal length or width. In terms of xylem hydraulic traits, SS, DS and SDS significantly decreased xylem specific hydraulic conductivity by 47%, 42% and 49%, while percent loss of conductivity (PLC) significantly increased by 81% and 62% in DS and SDS, but the PLC of SS was not increased significantly. Additionally, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate significantly decreased in SS, DS and SDS, while leaf water use efficiency significantly increased. The chlorophyll content index and maximum light quantum efficiency of photosystem II were also decreased. For nonstructural carbohydrate, the soluble sugars, starch and total non-structural carbohydrate were significantly decreased in DS in specific tissues, showing reductions of 42%, 68%, and 56% in leaves, 69%, 61%, and 62% in stem, and 30%, 59%, and 57% in root. Our findings provide evidence that salt addition alleviated drought stress by improving hydraulic traits and carbohydrate reserves, which is expected to contribute to predicting future vegetation dynamics under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of external environmental constraints has the potential to impact corporate decision-making behavior regarding production and spur innovative activities. This study focuses on a sample of Chinese A-share-listed corporations to investigate the influence of public environmental concerns (PEC) on corporate green technology innovation (GTI) within the framework of public participation in environmental governance. Moreover, this study explores the synergistic effects of media concerns and PEC. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) PEC is a driving force for corporate GTI. Endogeneity and robustness tests support this finding. (2) Government environmental regulation and corporate environmental responsibility are critical mediating variables. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that PEC significantly impacts the GTI of state-owned corporations, high-tech corporations, and corporations that have obtained ISO 14001 certification. (4) Media concerns enhance GTI and exhibit a strong synergistic effect with PEC. Positive media news strengthens the “incentive effect” of PEC, while negative news plays a “pushing role.” This study provides theoretical and empirical support for constructing an environmental governance mechanism for the public, media, corporations, and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most severe environmental issues. Adsorption is an effective method for removing heavy metals from aquatic environments. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics models can provide information on the adsorption process, maximal adsorption capacity, and mass transfer steps, which are essential to evaluate the performance of an adsorbent and to design an adsorption system. In this review, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of heavy metals by various adsorbents were summarized and discussed in depth. First, the sources of heavy metal pollution and the adsorption technology to remove heavy metals were reviewed. The adsorption capacity of Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, As, Fe, Hg, Co, Sr, and Cs by biosorbents (e.g. algae, agriculture waste biochar/activated carbon, and bacteria) and by abiotic adsorbents (e.g. metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), microtubes, polymers, clays, minerals, and coal) were systematically summarized. Second, the origins, basic assumptions, importance, physical meanings, and applications of the adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were discussed in depth. Third, the methods for selecting adsorption models in different conditions were explained, and the statistical parameters which can be applied to evaluate the performance of the models were illustrated. Finally, two Excel sheets are provided for solving the adsorption models, which are available in . This review article will deepen the understanding of the interaction between heavy metals and adsorbents and facilitate the development of adsorptive technology for heavy metal removal from water and wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)'s use is constrained by their surface charge density and alternating current output. This study therefore proposes a coupling output method combining charge excitation and phase shift to realize an almost constant high‐performance direct‐current (DC) and DC‐TENG is designed to harvest the energy of flowing water. The output characteristic of the DC‐TENG with or without charge excitation is thoroughly investigated in the experiment. The impact on the effectiveness of phases (P) and groups (G) is further proven by comparing and quantifying the current wave. The operation capability in a water environment is further demonstrated by the transmitted charge's attenuation of roughly 10.84% after the environment's humidity is increased to 90% RH. According to the findings of the investigation, DC‐TENG with 3P4G can reach almost constant DC with the root mean square value of 29.1 μA and the crest factor of 1.23. And the 220 μF capacitor can be charged to 5 V within 63 s and the peak output power of 9.18 mW is obtained. Finally, an experimental platform is established to simulate the water environment and the thermography is steadily powered. This scheme has reference significance to realize high‐performance DC output in the water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land is the driving force of economic growth, but the proliferation of industrial land has resulted in wasted land resources, impaired economic efficiency, and ecological damage in China. Currently, the digital economy is transforming China’s economic growth model. Exploring the corrective mechanisms of the digital economy for land resource mismatch can contribute to efficient economic growth. Using a sample of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2007–2019, we employ a spatial Durbin model to explore the impact of land resource mismatch on green development efficiency (GDE) in the context of the digital economy, which is critical to rational planning, utilization, and regulation of land resources. The findings show that (1) land resource mismatch inhibits GDE, and the crowding-out, structural inhibition, and agglomeration economy dilution effect are primary influencing mechanisms. (2) A local land resource mismatch harms GDE in neighboring areas. (3) The digital economy has a positive moderating effect on land resource mismatch and GDE. (4) Land resource mismatch reduces GDE in the eastern and central regions; the moderating effect of the digital economy exists only in the eastern region. Finally, this study proposes comprehensive and complete countermeasures to correct the land resource mismatch and its influence channels and enhance the construction of the digital economy. The conclusions of this study provide specific theoretical contributions to promote the spatial allocation efficiency of land resources, promote green and efficient economic development, and stimulate and release the dividends of the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of permeable pavement in reducing stormwater runoff is dependent on its infiltration performance. The monitoring and modeling methods were adopted to analyze infiltration performance of permeable pavement and was primarily based on Darcy's law in previous studies. But Darcy's law disregards the changing infiltration rate with the change of water content in permeable pavement medias. Neglecting the infiltration rate change frequently resulted in significant deviation between the monitoring and modeling results. To address these issues, the accuracy of two modeling methods for the infiltration performance of permeable brick pavement system (PBPs) was evaluated. The first is the low impact development (LID) module of the stormwater management model (SWMM), and the second is a new equivalent modeling approach based on the Horton model for PBPs. According to the results, the Horton model accurately described the infiltration performance of PBPs in SWMM. Under high return periods situation, the coefficients of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (Ens) reach 0.82 and 0.88, respectively, and the simulation error ranges from 6.57% to 8.75%. The experimental and simulation results of the LID module in SWMM were compared in greater detail. The result demonstrated that the LID module of SWMM underestimated the infiltration capacity of PBPs because it ignored the fluctuating infiltration rate throughout the whole PBPs infiltration process. Therefore, the proposed equivalent modeling method is superior to simulating the infiltration performance of PBPs in SWMM , and the Horton model improved the simulation accuracy of PBPs infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vision transformers (ViT) have the characteristics of massive training data and complex model, which cannot be directly applied to polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification tasks. Therefore, a mixed convolutional parallel transformer (MCPT) model based on ViT is proposed for fast PolSAR image classification. First of all, a mixed depthwise convolution tokenization is introduced. It replaces the learnable linear projection in the original ViT to obtain patch embeddings. The process of tokenization can reduce computational and parameter complexity and extract features of different receptive fields as input to the encoder. Furthermore, combining the idea of shallow networks with lower latency and easier optimization, a parallel encoder is implemented by pairing the same modules and recombining to form parallel blocks, which can decrease the network depth and computing power requirement. In addition, the original class embedding and position embedding are removed during tokenization, and a global average pooling layer is added after the encoder for category feature extraction. Finally, the experimental results on AIRSAR Flevoland and RADARSAT-2 San Francisco datasets show that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in training and prediction speed. Meanwhile, the overall accuracy achieved was 97.9% and 96.77%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of the low energy efficiency and slow penetration rate of drilling, we took the geological data of adjacent wells, real-time logging data, and downhole engineering parameters as inputs; the mechanical specific energy and unit footage cost as multi-objective optimization functions; and the machine pump equipment limit as the constraint condition. A constrained Bayesian optimization algorithm model was established for the optimization solution, and drilling parameters such as weight-of-bit, revolutions per minute, and flowrate were optimized in real time. Through a comparison with NSGA-II, random search, and other optimization algorithms, and the application results of example wells, we show that the established Bayesian optimization algorithm has a good optimization effect while maintaining timeliness. It is suitable for real-time optimization of drilling parameters, can aid a driller in identifying the drilling rate and potential tapping area, and provides a decision-making basis for avoiding the low-efficiency rock-breaking working area and improving rock-breaking efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of the poor treatment of high concentration landfill leachate, an electro-assisted ultraviolet (UV)/zero-valent iron (ZVI) synergic activated persulfate (PS) system was used to treat landfill leachate. The effects of PS and ZVI dosage, initial pH value, and current density on the removal efficiency of COD and NH3-N in landfill leachate were investigated. The treatment effects of single PS, single electrochemical, UV/PS, electro-assisted ZVI activated PS, and electro-assisted ZVI/UV co-activated PS were compared. At the same time, UV-visible and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy were performed on the landfill leachate before and after treatment. The results show that under the optimal conditions of initial pH = 3, the dosage of PS/12COD = 1, ZVI = 1.5 g/L, current density 62.5 mA/cm2, and t = 6 h, most of the macromolecular organic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid were removed. Removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N, and Chroma reached 81.99%, 89.90%, and 99.75%, respectively. The BOD5/COD value increased from 0.23 to 0.46. In addition, the radical identification results showed that the degradation of COD was due to the combined action of sulfate radicals (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and that SO4•− was dominant. The combined means of synergistic activation of PS for landfill leachate treatment was significantly better than that of single means of PS activation, confirming that electrically assisted ZVI/UV synergistic activation of PS is a promising method for landfill leachate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Totipotent stem cells are transiently occurring in vivo cells that can form all cell types of the embryo including placenta, with their in vitro counterparts being actively pursued. Subsequently, totipotent-like cells are established with variable robustness and biological relevance. Here, we summarize current progress on capturing these cells in culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Morphological transformation strategy is proposed to harvest irregular wave. • The output performance rises by 114.136 times as the wave changes. • Random wave motion is transfigured into bidirectional continuous rotation. • Wave-based TENG can output 39.67 mA and a peak power density of 30.62 W/m3. • The output achieves 0 % attenuation rate after operating for 7 h or within 90 %RH. Wave is inherently characterized by disorder and randomness, which is a great challenge for the conventional wave-based triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) and necessitates conducting adaptability research on the device. Therefore, we proposed a morphological transformation strategy, that is, W-TENG can actively transform the motion patterns of self-structure to accommodate the variations in waves and achieve power improvement. And a morphological transformation TENG (MT-TENG) with multi-mode operation is developed for harvesting irregular wave energy. Furthermore, the disorder wave motion is transformed into a bidirectional continuous rotation of power generation units, which realizes the continuous waveform output. Experimental results demonstrate that the wave power grows by 9.22 times with frequency increase, and the device's performance increases by 114.136 times utilizing this strategy. MT-TENG can output 39.67 mA through the energy management circuit (EMC) and a peak power density of 30.62 W/m3 under the wave excitation of 1.1 Hz. Finally, the self-powered environmental monitoring system is constructed, which can illuminate ten 30 W LEDs in series and provide a continuous energy supply to the wireless sensor module. This work presents a research paradigm for the design of wave-environment adaptability, holding significant implications for improving performance and constructing self-powered sensing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric ultrafiltration technology, crucial in water treatment and desalination, faces challenges of membrane fouling that compromise performance and shorten the operational lifetime. Traditional polymer ultrafiltration membrane modifications, such as surface adsorption, grafting, and physical blending, have notable limitations including reduced permeability, structural instability, poor compatibility, and additive leakage. To overcome these shortcomings, we present a novel approach based on copolymerization, integrating click chemistry and sol-gel techniques for the preparation of copolymer ultrafiltration membranes. The active sites of sol-gel reaction were introduced into the PVC copolymer backbone through suspension copolymerization. Subsequently, an in-situ modification of resveratrol was carried out within the copolymer casting solution to facilitate sol-gel reaction with PVC skeleton, forming a crosslinking structure during the film-forming process. This approach enhances membrane properties like hydrophilicity, thermal stability, permeability, antifouling capability, and antibacterial adhesion without compromising structural integrity or causing additive leakage. Importantly, the hydrophilicity and permeability are sustained even after prolonged exposure to deionized water and bacterial conditions, respectively. Our research contributes to the advancement of durable and functional ultrafiltration membranes through copolymerization techniques, offering valuable insights to enrich membrane modification strategies for water treatment. [Display omitted] • Sol-gel reactive sites were introduced into PVC backbone by copolymerization. • Click chemistry and Sol-gel in situ integration for improved membrane properties. • Copolymer membrane solves the problems of additive leakage and poor compatibility. • Copolymer membranes have superior antifouling and antibacterial adhesion properties. • Copolymer membrane with excellent durability and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PEG-β-CD-nHA@Fe 3 O 4 magnetic composite was synthesized for U(VI) adsorption. • This composite is efficient adsorbent for U(VI) removal from aqueous solution. • The maximum adsorption capacity reached 928.46 mg/g at pH = 3.5. • Adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetic and Sips isothermal model. • U(Ⅵ) adsorption mechanisms involved complexation, ion exchange and precipitation. High efficiency and easy separation adsorbents are important for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater, but still face challenges. In this paper, a new effective adsorbent for uranium removal from wastewater, i.e., PEG-β-CD-nHA@Fe 3 O 4 composite, was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction using iron doping and in-situ co-precipitation method, in which polyethylene glycol (PEG) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were used as double templates to mediate the synthesis process. The results showed that the morphology and magnetic property of the composite were significantly improved. The adsorption capacity reached 928.46 mg/g, and the composite could be quickly magnetically separated after U(Ⅵ) adsorption. U(Ⅵ) adsorption performance was obviously affected by adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and U(VI) concentration. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Sips models could accurately fit adsorption experimental data, indicating that it was chemisorption, in which –OH and PO 4 3- played an important role. U(VI) ions were adsorbed and fixed through complexation, precipitation and ion exchange. The results indicated that PEG-β-CD-nHA@Fe 3 O 4 composite was a green, efficient and easily separated adsorbent for U(VI) removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced treatment of industrial wastewater is a tough problem in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, the electron beam radiation coupled to flocculation process was firstly developed and investigated for the advanced treatment of coking and dyeing wastewater. Three different coupled processes were studied, i.e. electron beam radiation followed by flocculation process (EBF), flocculation followed by electron beam radiation process (FEB), and simultaneous electron beam radiation and flocculation process (SEBF). It was found that different processes had various performances in the removal of targeted organic pollutants. For humic acid, FEB with poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) as flocculants showed the best synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the removal of humic acid was 95.2%, while SEBF exhibited the inhibition effect under all the conditions. For Rhodamine B, EBF with PAFC had the highest synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the removal of Rhodamine B was 87.4%. For phenol, SEBF with PAFC as flocculants showed the highest synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the phenol removal was 64.2%. The transformation of organic pollutants, such as the polymerization was the main reason for the synergistic effect of EBF, while the dissolved iron ions and the enhanced oxidation made major contribution to the synergistic effect of FEB, and the structural change of flocculants and the transformation of organic pollutants during the process of electron beam radiation was mainly responsible for the synergistic effect of SEBF. EBF showed better performance in COD removal for actual coking and dyeing wastewater than FEB, indicating that electron beam radiation could promote the flocculation effect. Considering the operation procedure and treatment cost comprehensively, EBF with PAFC is recommended for the advanced treatment of actual coking and dyeing wastewater. This study could provide a novel and effective method for the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater. [Display omitted] • The combined process of electron beam and flocculation was firstly developed. • The synergistic mechanism of electron beam radiation and flocculation was elucidated. • EBF had better performance in treating actual dyeing and coking wastewater than FEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gompertz model, initially proposed for human mortality rates, has found various applications in growth analysis across the biotechnological field. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Gompertz model's applications in the biotechnological field, examining its past, present, and future. The past of the Gompertz model was examined by tracing its origins to 1825, and then it underwent various modifications throughout the 20th century to increase its applicability in biotechnological fields. The Zwietering-modified version has proven to be a versatile tool for calculating the lag-time and maximum growth rate/quantity in microbial growth. In addition, the present applications of the Gompertz model to microbial growth kinetics and bioproduction (e.g., hydrogen, methane, caproate, butanol, and hexanol production) kinetics have been comprehensively summarized and discussed. We highlighted the importance of standardized citations and guidance on model selection. The Zwietering-modified Gompertz model and the Lay-modified Gompertz model are recommended for describing microbial growth kinetics and bioproduction kinetics, recognized for their widespread use and provision of valuable kinetics information. Finally, in response to the current Gompertz models' focus on internal mortality, the modified Makeham-Gompertz models that consider both internal/external mortality were introduced and validated for microbial growth and bioproduction kinetics with good fitting performance. This paper provides a perspective of the Gompertz model and offers valuable insights that facilitate the diverse applications of this model in microbial growth and bioproduction kinetics. [Display omitted] • The origin and modification of Gompertz model were systematically reviewed. • The application of Gompertz model in microbial growth/product kinetics was studied. • The modified Makeham-Gompertz model were developed. • The standard methods for solving Gompertz model were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron transfer played key role in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts (HFCs). However, the relationship between electron exchange capacity (EEC) and catalytic activity of HFCs has not been elucidated. Herein, thirteen HFCs reported in our previous studies were selected to measure their EEC via electrochemical methods and to investigate the correlation between EEC and catalytic activity for PMS. The results show that nitrogen-doped graphene oxide had much higher EEC (5.299 mM(e) g−1), followed by reduced graphene oxide (3.23 mM(e) g−1), nitrogen-doped biochar-700 (2.032 mM(e) g−1), graphene oxdie (1.789 mM(e) g−1), nitrogen-doped biochar-300 (1.15 mM(e) g−1), g-C 3 N 4 (0.752 mM(e) g−1) and biochar (0.351 mM(e) g−1). For carbon materials, their catalytic activity was not determined by electron donor capacity (EDC), electron acceptor capacity (EAC) and EEC (EDC + EAC), but was linear correlation with |EDC-EAC| that can characterize the extent of HFCs reacting with PMS. The higher the |EDC-EAC| is, the higher the catalytic activity of HFCs is. For carbonaceous materials, their catalytic activity was not proportional to EAC, but had good linear correlation with EDC and |EDC-EAC|. The discrepancy between carbon materials and carbonaceous materials could be due to the different activation mechanisms. Further analysis found that there was no correlation between EEC and the reactive species derived from PMS, indicating that the produced reactive species was not only controlled by EEC. This study firstly elucidated the correlation between EEC and catalytic activity of HFCs, and |EDC-EAC| could be used as an index for evaluating the catalytic activity of HFCs. • The electron exchange capacity (EEC) of thirteen heterogenous catalysts were determined. • The |EDC-EAC| showed good correlation with the catalytic activity. • The EDC showed good correlation with catalytic activity for carbonaceous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The adsorption kinetics is viewed as the "infectious of adsorbates by adsorbents". • The MPQR model for batch/continuous adsorption is proposed based on epidemiology. • A convenient Excel software sheet provides methods for solving the MPQR model. • The model excels in precisely describing adsorption kinetics across diverse fields. Adsorption is a unit operation process with broad applications in environmental, pharmaceutical, and chemical fields, with its most significance in environmental fields for water and wastewater treatment. Adsorption involves continuous/batch modes with fixed/dispersed adsorbents, leading to diverse systems. The adsorption kinetic models provide essential insights for effectively designing these systems. However, many adsorption models are semi-empirical/empirical, making it challenging to identify the adsorption mechanisms. Additionally, a consistent method for modelling the adsorption kinetics of different processes would be helpful for the comparison and analysis of various adsorption systems, but no such unified model is available. In epidemiological modeling, populations are often categorized into susceptible, infected, and removed individuals, simplifying disease transmission dynamics without considering individual-level movement intricacies. Likewise, we have employed a similar approach within adsorption systems, classifying adsorbates into absorbable, adsorbed, and removed (to the effluent) segments, thus developing the Monolayer-Absorbable-Adsorbed-Removed (MPQR) kinetics model. This model is applicable to continuous/batch adsorption systems, regardless of whether fixed or dispersed adsorbents are employed. The model was validated using experimental data across water/wastewater treatment, drug separation/purification, metal recovery, and desalination. The results showed that our model successfully fitted the kinetic data from various adsorption systems. It outperformed commonly used models for continuous/batch adsorption. The model allowed us to directly compare the parameters among various adsorption processes. The solving method based on Excel was provided and can be used by the researchers. Our model offers a versatile and unified approach to model adsorption kinetics, enabling the analysis and design of various adsorption systems. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of uranium contamination in wastewater is related to ecological protection and recycling of uranium. In order to explore a better uranium adsorbent, reduced graphene oxide reinforced and magnesium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres (nHA-Mg@rGO) were synthesized in situ by hydrothermal method, which could be used to adsorb uranium in solution efficiently. Magnesium doping significantly increased U(Ⅵ) adsorption, which reached 1614.93 mg/g at pH = 3.5 and T = 298 K. U(Ⅵ) adsorption could be affected by pH, U(Ⅵ) concentration, adsorbent dosage, reaction time, etc. Experimental data was in accord with pseudo-second-order and Sips models. The changes before and after uranium adsorption by nHA-Mg@rGO microspheres could be found from physicochemical characterization results, indicating that hydroxyl and phosphate groups played a vital role. It was concluded that U(Ⅵ) were adsorbed and fixed through the combined effects of complexation, ion exchange and precipitation. The results are helpful for further exploring application of hydroxyapatite composites in uranium removal. [Display omitted] • Graphene oxide/nano-hydroxyapatite composite microspheres (nHA@rGO) was prepared. • NHA@rGO is highly efficient adsorbent for uranium removal from aqueous solution. • The maximum adsorption capacity reached 1672.96 mg/g at pH = 3.5 and T = 298 K. • Adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetic and Sips isothermal model. • U(Ⅵ) adsorption mechanisms involved complexation, ion exchange and precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Touzi decomposition provides more scattering information corresponding to parameters describing different targets. It is possible to explore the selection method of parameters, which plays an important role in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification. Therefore, this paper presents an innovative parameter ordering scheme based on the histogram of parameters obtained by Touzi decomposition. Then, a parameter selection scheme is proposed by analyzing the influence of the increase of parameters on the overall accuracy obtained by the Softmax classifier. Based on the Gamma distribution, the parameter selection method of eigenvalue decomposition is also given. As the data distribution of the selected parameters does not always satisfy the Gaussian distribution, it may not be sufficient to directly apply the autoencoder network. Thus, the loss function of the autoencoder network is modified by the construction of different data error terms according to a different data distribution form of the selected parameters, and then an improved autoencoder network is proposed. The process of feature extraction and classification can be regarded as a whole network to better accomplish the task of classification. An extensive set of experiments are done on four real PolSAR images. Compared with the classification results of all parameters, the gap in the overall accuracy of the parameters obtained by the proposed selection scheme is only about 1%. In terms of the classification overall accuracy, considering the distribution of parameters in the autoencoder network and the construction of the whole classification network can improve it by about 6–7% for four data sets. Code is available at https://github.com/Justin20220123/ISPRS2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants, which have been frequently detected in different aquatic environments, posing potential risk to public health and ecosystem. A properly designed and operated wastewater treatment process can be an effective final barrier for reducing the quantity of ARGs discharged into the environment. In order to control the propagation of antimicrobial resistance in the environment, it is essential to comprehensively understand the elimination and inactivation of ARGs by various wastewater treatment processes. This review systematically summarized and analyzed the feasibility and efficiency of ARGs removal in different wastewater treatment processes, including biological processes, such as membrane bioreactor process and constructed wetlands; chemical processes, such as ozonation, chlorination, Fenton oxidation and other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); physicochemical processes, such as UV radiation, ionizing radiation; and physical processes, such as coagulation and membrane filtration. In addition, the advantages and limitations as well as future direction of these treatment processes for the elimination and inactivation of ARGs in wastewater were also discussed, aiming to provide better understanding and support for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation grafting of polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto the surface of cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane was successfully performed. Pre-radiation and co-radiation were applied by gamma rays at the dose of 12 kGy. FT-IR, SEM, XPS, contact angle, zeta-potential, grafting ratio, etc. Were used to characterize the PEI-CTA membranes before and after grafting. The FT-IR spectrum showed that a notable discernible shoulder peak of N–H appeared for amide at co-radiation and pre-radiation, and XPS analysis indicated that co-radiation achieved the highest N percent of 9.75%, suggesting that PEI was introduced into the membrane surface. In a forward osmosis (FO) process, the PEI-CTA membrane obtained higher cesium, Cs(I), retention (95–97%) than the CTA membrane with Cs(I) retention of 92%. Cs(I) fluxes significantly decreased from 0.09 to 0.02–0.03 mmol m−2h−1 after PEI modification. Effective Cs(I) retention was attributed to increase of the positive charges on CTA membrane when PEI was added, which exerted a repulsive effect on Cs(I), preventing them from moving towards the membrane direction. In the FO process, the PEI-CTA membrane featured the water flux of 23 L m−2 h−1 a little lower than that of CTA membrane (24 L m−2 h−1). Although modified PEI increased the hydrophilicity, the increase of water flux did not occur with the co-irradiated membrane, which was related to the high graft, higher thickness and resistance of the membrane. • Polyethyleneimine was grafted onto cellulose triacetate membrane by radiation. • FT-IR and XPS spectra suggested that PEI was introduced onto the membrane surface. • PEI-CTA membrane had higher Cs(I) retention (95–97%) than CTA membrane (92%). • PEI-CTA membrane had water flux of 23 L m−2h−1, almost equal to CTA membrane (24). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A gas-assisted method is proposed for improving the output performance of TENG. • The charge transfer ability of GA-TENG is improved by 13.86 times via the method. • GA-TENG can provide power to wireless sensors and water level detection modules. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have unparalleled performance advantages in the low-frequency range and become an emerging technology for efficient wave energy harvesting. There are various methods to improve the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators, but the output effect and manufacturing convenience of the TENGs cannot be balanced, which limits their promotion and application in a wider field. Here, a gas-assisted triboelectric nanogenerator (GA-TENG) for harvesting wave energy is reported, which has high performance through a gas-assisted method. The gas-assisted device is mainly composed of two airbags and a flexible substrate to increase the actual contact area between the triboelectric layers, which increases the open-circuit voltage (V oc) and transferred charge (Q sc) by 7.99 and 13.86 times, respectively, compared to the rigid substrate. The power density of GA-TENG can reach 20.4 W/m3 under the wave frequency of 1 Hz. In addition, the applications of GA-TENG are successfully demonstrated, including powering three lamps of 3 W, a wireless temperature and humidity sensor, and a water level monitoring module. This work provides a design scheme for wave energy harvesting and a universal method for TENG to harvest renewable energy efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite has a high affinity to uranium, and element doping can effectively improve its adsorption performance. In this study, magnesia-silica-fluoride co-doped hydroxyapatite composite was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the effect of single-phase and multiphase doping on the structure and properties of the composites was investigated. The results showed that the specific surface area of Mg–Si–F-nHA composites increased by 63.01% after doping. Comparing with nHA, U(VI) adsorption capacity of Si-nHA, Mg–Si-nHA and Mg–Si–F-nHA composites increased by 13.01%, 17.39% and 22.03%, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Mg–Si–F-nHA composite reached 1286.76 mg/g. Adsorbent dosage and pH obviously affected U(VI) adsorption, and the experimental data can be fitted well by PSO and Sips models. The physicochemical characterization before and after adsorption suggested that complexation, ion exchange and precipitation participated in uranium adsorption. In conclusion, different elements doping can effectively improve the uranium adsorption properties of hydroxyapatite composites. [Display omitted] • The specific surface area of Mg–Si–F-nHA composite increased 63% after doping. • The adsorption capacity of the composite increased 22%, reaching 1286.76 mg/g. • This composite is efficient adsorbent for U(VI) removal from aqueous solution. • U(Ⅵ) adsorption mechanisms involved complexation, ion exchange and precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • BPA removal by adsorption and membrane separation was systematically reviewed. • The adsorption performance and mechanism of BPA by various adsorbents were assessed. • DFT calculation and MD simulation for studying adsorption process were reviewed. • BPA removal by membrane separation processes (MF, UF, NF, and RO) was compared. • Influencing factors on adsorption and membrane separation were assessed and explained. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used in the production of certain plastics and epoxy resins. Due to its widespread distribution, severe toxicity and potential health risks, the need to develop efficient techniques to remove BPA is urgent. Among many potential strategies, adsorption and membrane separation techniques have been widely studied as they are cost-effective and easy to operate for efficient BPA removal. In this review, the performances and mechanisms of BPA adsorption by various adsorbents were summarized, including carbon-based materials (activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, and biochar), porous materials (MOFs, COFs), natural inorganic minerals (clays and clay minerals, zeolite-based adsorbents), and natural polymers (chitosan and cellulose, cyclodextrins, and molecularly imprinted polymers). Comparative results indicated that modified adsorbents and composite materials have better performances for removing BPA. Furthermore, the influencing factors, the fitted isotherm and adsorption kinetic models, and the application of density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) in investigating adsorption mechanisms were discussed. The applications of membrane separation processes (microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO)) for the removal of BPA were discussed in terms of membrane flux, membrane materials, mechanisms and influencing factors. The efficiency of BPA rejection decreases in the following order: RO > NF > UF > MF. This review clarified the current state of knowledge and challenges, and compared the adsorption efficiency of various adsorbents and the rejection efficiency of different membrane separation processes, which can provide guidance for future research and development from the aspects of mechanism investigation, methods development and materials functionalization, aiming to promote the advancements in both technologies for the removal of emerging pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of dye-containing wastewater generated from textile industries is still a challenge, and various technologies, including physical, chemical and biological ones have been used. In recent years, the ionizing radiation (usually including gamma ray generated by radionuclide, such as 60Co and 137Cs, and electron beam generated by electron accelerator) technology has received increasing attention for degrading refractory or toxic organic pollutants in wastewater because of its unique advantages, such as no chemical additives, fast reaction rate, strong degradation capacity, high efficiency, flexibility, controllability. Compared to the conventional wastewater treatment processes, ionizing radiation technology, as a disruptive wastewater treatment technology, is more efficient for the decolorization and degradation of dyes and the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. In this paper, the recent advances in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater by ionizing radiation, in particular by electron beam (EB) radiation were summarized and analyzed, focusing on the decolorization and degradation of various dyes. Firstly, the formation of various reactive species induced by radiation and their interactions with dye molecules, as well as the influencing factors on the removal efficiency of dyes were discussed. Secondly, the researches on the treating dye-containing wastewater by electron beam radiation technology were systematically reviewed. Then, the decolorization and degradation mechanisms by electron beam radiation were further discussed in detail. And the integrated processes that would contribute to the advancement of this technology in practical applications were examined. More importantly, the recent advances of electron beam radiation technology from laboratory to application were reviewed, especially successful operation of dye-containing wastewater treatment facilities in China. And eventually, current challenges, future research directions, and outlooks of electron beam radiation technology were proposed for further advancing this technology for the sustainable development of water resources. [Display omitted] • The treatment of dye-containing wastewater is still a challenge. • Advances in dye-containing wastewater treatment by EB were summarized and analyzed. • Mechanisms of dye decolorization and degradation by EB were discussed in detail. • EB is more efficient for the decolorization and degradation of dyes. • Challenges, future directions and outlooks of EB technology were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of wastewater produced from alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding, known for its considerable volume and high emulsion stability, poses a challenge in oilfields globally. This study has demonstrated that ionizing irradiation is a promising pretreatment method for ASP wastewater to improve oil-water separation. After a settling time of 1 h, approximately 69.5% of oil remained in the raw ASP wastewater, while only 20–29% of the oil persisted in the liquid phase following radiation at absorbed doses ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 kGy. A noticeable increase in the size of oil droplets and reduction in turbidity was observed after irradiation. Further analysis revealed that the combination of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and alkali exhibits a synergistic impact, leading to a substantial reduction in interface tension of ASP wastewater. Notably, ionizing irradiation induces several key changes that are crucial for efficient demulsification. The transformation of the wastewater's rheological behavior from pseudoplastics to a Newtonian fluid accompanied by a reduction in viscosity, the increased interfacial tension at both liquid-air and liquid-oil interfaces, along with the degradation of organic components such as partly hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and SDS, all contribute to the coalescence and floatation of oil droplets. [Display omitted] • Electron beam is effective in enhancing oil-water separation of ASP wastewater. • With settling 1h oil remained 69.5% and 20–29% before and after 0.1–5.0 kGy radiation. • Rheological behavior changed from pseudoplastic to Newtonian after radiation. • IFT at liquid-air and liquid-oil interfaces increased and organics were degraded. • Coexistence of SDS and alkali play a vital role in IFT reduction of ASP wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced treatment of refractory industrial wastewater is still a challenge. Coking wastewater is one of coal chemical wastewater, which contains various refractory organic pollutants. To meet the more and more rigorous discharge standard and increase the reuse ratio of coking wastewater, advanced treatment process must be set for treating the biologically treated coking wastewater. To date, several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including Fenton, ozone, persulfate-based oxidation, and iron-carbon micro-electrolysis, have been applied for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater. However, the performance of different advanced treatment processes changed greatly, depending on the components of coking wastewater and the unique characteristics of advanced treatment processes. In this review article, the state-of-the-art advanced treatment process of coking wastewater was systematically summarized and analyzed. Firstly, the major organic pollutants in the secondary effluents of coking wastewater was briefly introduced, to better understand the characteristics of the biologically treated coking wastewater. Then, the performance of various advanced treatment processes, including physiochemical methods, biological methods, advanced oxidation methods and combined methods were discussed for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater in detail. Finally, the conclusions and remarks were provided. This review will be helpful for the proper selection of advanced treatment processes and promote the development of advanced treatment processes for coking wastewater. [Display omitted] • The advanced treatment processes of coking wastewater were summarized and analyzed. • The major organic pollutants in the effluent of coking wastewater was introduced. • The performance of advanced treatment of coking wastewater by various AOPs was discussed. • The future direction of advanced treatment processes was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study firstly reported the in-situ preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide-supported nano Fe 3 O 4 (Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO) by ionizing radiation. The conversion of Fe(II) to iron oxide was modulated by absorbed dose in solution, which regulated the catalytic activity of Fe 3 O 4 /NRGO. When the initial concentration of Fe(II) was 0.5 mM and the absorbed dose was 10 kGy, the as-prepared catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO-10) showed superior catalytic activity for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade phenol. In the presence of 0.4 mM PMS and 0.5 g/L Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO-10, the pseudo first-order kinetic rate of phenol degradation reached 0.0286 min−1. Sulfate radicals, hydroxyl radicals and high-valent iron oxo made major contribution to phenol degradation. The superior catalytic activity of Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO-10 might be attributed to the synergistic effect of NRGO and Fe 3 O 4 , in which NRGO promoted the conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO-10 exhibited good stability in the cycling experiments. In addition to phenol, the Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO-10/PMS system could degrade sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A and atrazine, indicating the wide applicability. This study reported a facile way to prepare carbon-supported metal oxide catalysts and convenient way to modulate the catalytic activity by absorbed dose. • N-doped graphene oxide-supported nano Fe 3 O 4 (Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO) was prepared by radiation. • Radiation can modulate the conversion of Fe(II) to iron oxide. • Fe 3 O 4 @NRGO-10 had superior catalytic activity for activating PMS to degrade phenol. • Sulfate and OH radicals, high-valent iron oxo contributed to phenol degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhuling Jisheng decoction is employed for the treatment of bladder urothelial cancer in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. However, there are few studies on its precise mechanism. For the antibladder cancer action of Zhuling Jisheng decoction, a network pharmacological technique was used to design a component/target/pathway molecular regulatory network. The TCMSP dataset was used to identify the chemical makeup of Zhuling Jisheng decoction, which was then analyzed and assessed for oral bioavailability and pharmacological similarity. The chemical composition of Zhuling Jisheng decoction was identified through the TCMSP database, and it was evaluated and screened based on oral bioavailability and drug similarity. The GEO database was searched for genes associated with urothelial bladder carcinoma, and gene targets associated with bladder urothelial cancer resistance were chosen by comparison. The function and linked pathways of the target genes were examined and screened using annotation, visualization, and a comprehensive discovery database. The impact of Zhuling Jisheng decoction on urothelial bladder cancer was studied using Cytoscape software to create a component/target/pathway network. Finally, 69 and 55 target genes were discovered for noninvasive bladder urothelial cancer and invasive bladder urothelial cancer, respectively. In noninvasive urothelial cancer, 118 pathways were highly enriched, including the TNF signaling pathway and the IL-17 signaling route. 103 pathways were highly enriched in invasive urothelial cancer, including the p53 signaling route, bladder cancer route, and calcium signaling route. There were 18 and 15 drug targets associated with noninvasive and invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma prognoses. Many signaling pathways directly act on tumours, and indirect pathways inhibit the development of bladder urothelial carcinoma. This research establishes a scientific foundation for further research into the framework of action of Zhuling Jisheng decoction in the therapy of bladder urothelial cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hydraulic fracturing has been one of the primary stimulation methods for coal-bed methane (CBM) exploration, it is difficult to be applied in soft and low-permeability coal seams due to the instability of wells in such geological structures. In order to solve the problem, an idea of indirect fracturing is proposed, that is, fractures are initiated in stable and hard rocks and then propagated to coal seams in which crack networks can be formed. To verify the feasibility of such an approach, the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted using two-dimensional and three-dimensional coal-rock combination samples, respectively. This study investigates the fracture patterns, pressure variation, and fracture morphology. The results show that in the process of fracture propagation from sandy mudstones to coals, the strain energy release rate in the sandy mudstones is 10.69∼25.53 times greater than that in the coal. When the fracture has a tendency to deflect toward the lower strength coal strata, under the condition of large K2/K1, the deflection criterion will be met first and the fracture will deflect and grow into the coal strata. In addition, the complex crack network can be generated when the hydrofracture intersects the coal-rock interface and the fracture pattern is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been discovered that both inflammation and platelet aggregation could cause crucial effect on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. As a combination of platelet and lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was proved to be correlated with the severity as well as prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Exploring the relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients was the purpose of this study. PLR was calculated by dividing platelet count by lymphocyte count. All patients were grouped by PLR quartiles and the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The independent effect of PLR was determined by binary logistic regression analysis. The curve in line with overall trend was drawn by local weighted regression (Lowess). Subgroup analysis was used to determine the relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality in different subgroups. We included 5577 CICU patients. As PLR quartiles increased, in-hospital mortality increased significantly (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 13.9 vs. 8.3, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, PLR was proved to be independently associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: OR 95% CI 1.55, 1.08–2.21, P = 0.016, P for trend < 0.001). The Lowess curves showed a positive relationship between PLR and in-hospital mortality. The subgroup analysis revealed that patients with low Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) or with less comorbidities had higher risk of mortality for PLR. Further, PLR quartiles had positive relation with length of CICU stay (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 2.7, 1.6–5.2 vs. 2.1, 1.3–3.9, P < 0.001), and the length of hospital stay (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 7.9, 4.6–13.1 vs. 5.8, 3.3–9.8, P < 0.001). PLR was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in CICU patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a clean, renewable secondary energy source. The development of hydrogen energy is a common goal pursued by many countries to combat the current global warming trend. This paper provides an overview of various technologies for hydrogen production from renewable and non-renewable resources, including fossil fuel or biomass-based hydrogen production, microbial hydrogen production, electrolysis and thermolysis of water and thermochemical cycles. The current status of development, recent advances and challenges of different hydrogen production technologies are also reviewed. Finally, we compared different hydrogen production methods in terms of cost and life cycle environmental impact assessment. The current mainstream approach is to obtain hydrogen from natural gas and coal, although their environmental impact is significant. Electrolysis and thermochemical cycle methods coupled with new energy sources show considerable potential for development in terms of economics and environmental friendliness. [Display omitted] • Various H 2 production methods from renewable/non-renewable resources were reviewed. • H 2 production methods were compared in terms of cost and life cycle assessment. • The current mainstream approach is to obtain hydrogen from natural gas and coal. • Electrolysis and thermochemical cycle using new clean energy are more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark fermentation is considered as a promising method for sustainable hydrogen generation. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in hydrogen production efficiency. Strains from genus Clostridium have been the most widely detected and used microorganisms in dark fermentative hydrogen production. In this review, the characteristics of hydrogen-producing Clostridium species are introduced, including the metabolic pathways, hydrogen production performance, and substrate diversity. In addition, strategies for improving the hydrogen production by Clostridium species were extensively reviewed, and the promising applications of the fermentation system from the points of economic and environmental benefits were displayed. Finally, perspectives concerning the further application of hydrogen production by Clostridium species were proposed. Extensive studies demonstrate that Clostridium species are good candidates for fermentative hydrogen production with both high hydrogen yield and wide substrate range, but more efforts are still needed to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system, and make the process economically applicable. • Clostridium spp. are most important microorganisms for fermentative H 2 production. • The characteristics of H 2 -producing Clostridium spp. were analyzed and summarized. • The metabolic pathway and substrate diversity of Clostridium spp. were discussed. • Gene modification and operation control could enhance H 2 yield by Clostridium spp. • The perspective of Clostridium spp. in fermentative H 2 production were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a microenergy harvesting device, the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has long been limited by their surface charges. In this work, an enhancement of the output performance of TENGs via charge clamping (CC‐TENG) is proposed. The device is comprised of a mechanical‐switch direct‐current TENG (MDC‐TENG), charge clamping module (CCM), and main‐TENG. During operation, the CCM is employed to accumulate and clamp the unidirectional charge generated by the MDC‐TENG. And then, the accumulated charges flow between CCM and main‐TENG. With the increase of transferred charges, the output performance can be effectively improved. In addition, the MDC‐TENG is employed to reduce both power dissipation and circuit complexity. Furthermore, an integrated device based on the CC‐TENG is demonstrated which harvests wind energy and attains a charge output of 1.01 µC. Moreover, a multimode coupling is adopted, that is, an alternating‐current TENG operating in contact‐separation mode and a direct‐current TENG operating in a lateral‐sliding mode that can be employed in environments for which multiple motions coexist. The device provides a reference to improve output performance in the context of wind energy capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis: Nanostructure combined with porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs/GCNs-5) and amorphous element doped porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs/N) were prepared by changing the nitrogen source in the thermal polymerization process. Compared with the latter, PCNs/GCNs-5 has high active nitrogen ratio and mesopore ratio facilitating the pseudo-capacitance reaction and ion transport to ensure the better power and energy density, and the smaller erosion of the carbon skeleton by the nanostructure insures the cyclic stability of PCNs/GCNs-5. [Display omitted] • Nanostructure combined with porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs) were prepared by simple thermal polymerization and carbonization. • The microstructure and energy storage mechanism of amorphous N doped PCNs and nanostructure N combined with PCNs were compared. • The relationship between g-C 3 N 4 self-decomposition and pore structure, defects and surface morphology of carbon materials was investigated. • Through theoretical calculation, the different rules of N types variation in different structures are verified. Just how heteroatomic functionalization enhances electrochemical capacity of carbon materials is a recent and widely studied field in scientific research. However, there is no consensus on whether combining with heteroatom-bearing nanostructures directly or doping amorphous elements is more advantageous. Herein, two kinds of porous carbon nanosheets were prepared from coal tar pitch through anchoring graphitic carbon nitride (PCNs/GCNs-5) or doping amorphous nitrogen element (PCNs/N). The structural characteristics and electrochemical properties of the two PCNs were revealed and compared carefully. It can be found that the amorphous nitrogen of PCNs/N will have a grievous impact on its carbon skeleton network, resulting in reduced stability in charge and discharge process, while the structural collapse of carbon network could be avoided in PCNs/GCNs-5 by the heteroatoms in the form of nanostructure. Particularly, PCNs/GCNs-5 exhibits extremely high specific capacity of 388 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and splendid the capacitance retention rate of 98% after 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge, which are overmatch than the amorphous nitrogen doped carbon materials reported recently and PCNs/N. The combining strategy with nanostructure will inspire the design of carbon materials towards high-performance supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of urbanization results in a marked increase in impervious areas, destroying the natural geological features and hydrological properties of the urban developed area. This may cause high risk of flooding, runoff pollution, and water shortages. An integral method is proposed to realize the multi-goals management of stormwater runoff, which called sponge city construction, and taken a pilot area of sponge city construction as an example to evaluate the effect of sponge city construction on stormwater quantity control via InfoWorks Integrated Catchment Model (ICM) model. The results showed that the annual total rainfall volume capture ratio is 77.4%, the drainage pipeline capacity was improved and flooding risk was decreased effectively. The high-risk flooding area was reduced about 44.76% of 50-year return period rainfall event with rainfall duration of 24 h. So, sponge city construction provides a novel method for the stormwater integral management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states) is based on 16S rRNA sequencing data, which can analyze the microbial functions in fermentation system. In this study, PICRUSt was adopted to figure out the direct evidence of functions of the microbial community in biohydrogen production system. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that metabolic flux shifted from acid-producing pathway to hydrogen-producing pathway, and the hydrogen-consuming homoacetogenic pathway was eliminated by ionizing radiation pretreatment at 5 kGy. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) based functional genes analysis showed enriched energy metabolism and diminished homoaceto gene, which enhanced the hydrogen production. However, the diminished carbohydrate metabolism indicated that the pretreatment reduced the activity of microbial consortia to degrade various substrates. This study suggested that PICRUSt is an effective approach to analyze the functional profiling of microbial community in fermentative hydrogen production system. Image 1 • PICRUSt can be used to predict the microbial function in dark fermentation systems. • PICRUSt analysis showed metabolic flux shift during hydrogen fermentation process. • KEGG analysis showed enriched energy metabolism and diminished methane metabolism. • The pretreatment reduced the activity of microbial consortia to degrade various substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technetium isotope 99Tc is a main radioactive waste produced in the process of nuclear reaction, which has the characteristics of long half-life and strong environmental mobility, and can be bio-accumulated in organisms, resulting in serious threat to human health and ecosystem. Adsorption method is widely used in the field of removing radionuclides from water due to the advantages of high treatment rate, simple and mature industrial application. In this review paper, the recent advances in research and application of various adsorption materials for 99Tc pollution treatment were summarized and analyzed for the first time, including inorganic adsorbents, such as activated carbon, zero-valent iron, metallic minerals, clay minerals, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), tin-based materials, and sulfur-based materials; organic adsorbents, such as porous organic polymers (POPs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and ion exchange resin; and biological adsorbents, such as biopolymers (chitosan, cellulose, alginate), and microbial cells. The performance characteristics and the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of various adsorption materials were discussed. This review could deepen the understanding of the adsorptive removal of 99Tc from aqueous solution, and provide a reference for the future research in this field. [Display omitted] • 99Tc is a main radioactive waste produced in the process of nuclear reaction. • The recent advances in adsorption of 99Tc was summarized and analyzed. • Various adsorbents, including inorganic, organic and biological ones were introduced. • The kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms of 99Tc adsorption were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hetero-EF catalyst Fe 40 Co@NC was synthesized with ZIF-8@ZIF-67-Fe as precursor. • Satisfactory CEP-C degradation and mineralization were achieved. • Fe 40 Co@NC exhibited high reactivity for real fermentation residue treatment. • Redox cycles between Co and Fe enhanced the •OH generation. • Catalytic mechanisms and possible degradation pathways for CEP-C were proposed. Developing high performance electrocatalysts for effective antibiotics elimination for heterogeneous electro-Fenton (Hetero-EF) process is still a challenge. This work synthesized iron/cobalt bimetallic N doped graphitic carbon cages (Fe x Co@NC) from ZIF-8@ZIF-67-Fe dual MOF composite for Cephalosporin C (CEP-C) degradation in the Hetero-EF system at a wide pH range. Results indicated that CEP-C degradation rate and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency by Fe 40 Co@NC catalyst were as high as 82.45% (60 min) and 61.35% (240 min) at natural pH, respectively. The unique structure with FeCo bimetal encapsulated inside the N doped graphitic carbon cages enabled Fe 40 Co@NC to show excellent catalytic reactivity for H 2 O 2 activation. The generated M (•OH) and •OH all contributed to CEP-C degradation. The synergistic effects of Co0/Co2+/Co3+ and Fe0/Fe2+/Fe3+ cycles made Fe 40 Co@NC catalyst to continuously activate H 2 O 2. Moreover, Fe 40 Co@NC catalyst showed good stability in consecutive cycles, and could still remain excellent reactivity when applied for CEP-C degradation from the real CEP-C fermentation residue supernatant. Furthermore, a possible CEP-C degradation pathway was proposed based on the identified intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a cylindrical direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC‐TENG) that can generate an almost constant current output with a low crest factor by phase coupling is reported for the first time. Here, the influence of phases (P) and groups (G) on the DC‐TENG is investigated. Experiments show that the crest factor of current, significantly decreases as the phases increase, and the output performance significantly increases as the groups increase. One phase triboelectric power‐generating unit of the DC‐TENG with three‐phase and five‐group (3P5G) produces an open‐circuit voltage of 149.5 V, short‐circuit current 7.3 μA, and transferred charge of 56.7 nC at 600 rpm. The DC‐TENG can produce a coupling current of 21.6 μA and the average output power of 2.04 mW after each phase output is rectified and superimposed. Additionally, the crest factor of output current is reduced to 1.08, and the high‐performance characteristics of an almost constant direct‐current is achieved. The research is of considerable significance to the practical applications of TENGs in powering sensors of low consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a novel autoencoder (AE) network based on the distribution of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POL-SAR) data matrix, called a mixture autoencoder (MAE). Through a detailed analysis of the data distribution POL-SAR data matrix, a normalization method is also presented in succession. The proposed MAE defines the data error term in the loss function according to the data distribution. It can be regarded as a process of unsupervised feature extraction designed specifically for POL-SAR data matrix. Then, a softmax classifier is trained with the help of data features and the corresponding label information. Next, a stacked MAE (SMAE) network is reasonably constructed by considering the data distribution among different layers. Finally, this article also presents a classification network through discarding the decoder process of the proposed SMAE and connecting with a softmax classifier. The SMAE is trained layer by layer using the unlabeled data. The softmax classifier is also trained with a small number of labeled pixels. With parameters obtained from the above-mentioned procedures as the initial parameters, the whole classification network is trained by the labeled pixels to get a well-trained model, which is used for predicting the corresponding label of the pixel in the data set. Three real POL-SAR data sets, including the AIR-SAR L-band data of Flevoland, The Netherlands, are used in the experiments. Compared with one classical algorithm and two related models with the similar structure, both the proposed methods show improvements in overall accuracy and efficiency as well as possess better adaptability of the parameter and preferable consistency with the classification performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Fe 3 O 4 /Co 3 O 4 composites were prepared and applied in the catalytic ozonation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Various parameters including initial solution pH, Fe 3 O 4 /Co 3 O 4 composites dose, O 3 dose and SMX concentration were investigated. Results showed that Fe 3 O 4 /Co 3 O 4 composites could significantly improve the mineralization of SMX by catalytic ozonation system and a synergic effect between Fe 3 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 was observed. Only about 16% total organic carbon (TOC) could be removed in 60 min by single ozonation under the condition of 20 mg/L SMX, 6.0 mg/min O 3 , pH 5.1 and room temperature, While in the presence of 0.10 g/L Fe 3 O 4 /Co 3 O 4 composites at the same conditions, 60% TOC removal were obtained by catalytic ozonation process. SMX could be degradation by O 3 rapidly and the removal was not significantly affected by the changing parameters. However, those operating parameters exerted different effects on SMX mineralization. Furthermore, the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the utilization efficiency of O 3 would increase with the addition of Fe 3 O 4 /Co 3 O 4 composites. The quenching experiments indicated that OH might account for the enhancement of SMX mineralization and the mechanism of catalytic ozonation was proposed. Additionally, the intermediates were detected by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), from which some plausible transformation pathways were proposed. Image 1 • Mineralization of SMX was significantly improved by Fe 3 O 4 /Co 3 O 4 catalyst. • The catalyst could facilitate O 3 decomposition and increase its utilization. • The possible degradation pathway was proposed based on identified intermediates. • OH might account for the enhancement of SMX mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial community structure plays a significant role in the efficiency of dark fermentative hydrogen production using mixed culture. However, the detailed evolutions in microbial community structure during dark fermentation process are still unclear. This study investigated the detailed evolution patterns of microbial community structure during dark fermentation process by high-throughput pyrosequencing. Results showed that microbial community structure changed significantly over time in dark fermentation. Microbial diversity showed a constant decreasing trend during the fermentation process. The analysis of microbial community composition showed that Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Paraclostridium , Romboutsia and Paeniclostridium , which were all rarely existed in the inoculum, dramatically became dominant genera in the system after 6 h fermentation, with total relative abundance of more than 99%. This interesting result revealed that how quickly hydrogen-producing genera overwhelmed the microbial community in dark fermentation. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Clostridium sensu stricto 1 contributed the most to hydrogen fermentation performances. • Evolutions in microbial community structure during dark fermentation were studied. • Microbial community structure changed significantly over time in dark fermentation. • Microbial diversity decreased along with the progress in fermentation process. • Hydrogen producers dominated the microbial community within 6 h. • Clostridium sensu stricto 1 mostly contributed to hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algae biomass is considered as a promising energy feedstock, and bioenergy recovery from algae can be significantly enhanced by pretreatment. This study compared the effect of different pretreatment methods, including heat, acid, base, heat-acid and heat-base on macroalgae Saccharina japonica , and dark fermentation was conducted to achieve a couple generation of bioenergy and biomaterials. All the pretreatment could enhance the hydrogen production and energy recovery from macroalgae, and the combined pretreatment showed significant advantage in organics solubilization. Heat-base pretreated macroalgae achieved the highest hydrogen yield (17.5 mL/g TS added), while highest total energy conversion efficiency (35.4%) was obtained from heat-acid pretreated macroalgae, which was 2.1- and 2.9-fold compared to the control test. Hydrogen production can be further enhanced by microbial acclimation to high Na+ concentration to relieve its inhibition. • Treatment by heat, acid, base, heat-acid and heat-base could disrupt macroalgal. • Macroalgal biomass was further hydrolyzed during fermentation process. • Heat-base pretreatment enhanced energy conversion efficiency by 2.9 times. • Soluble metabolites were dominated by acetate and lactate. • Hydrogen production was further enhanced by acclimation to high Na+ concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Addition of biochar and Fe0 NPs could enhance hydrogen fermentation of grass. • Biochar and Fe0 NPs exhibited a synergetic improvement in hydrogen production. • The co-addition shortened the lag time and accelerated the hydrolysis of grass. • The co-addition enhanced dehydrogenase activity and enriched more Clostridium. • More Fe2+ release from Fe0-biochar micro-electrolysis caused the synergetic effect. In this paper, the improving roles and mechanisms of grass hydrogen fermentation by biochar combined with zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe0 NPs) were investigated. The experimental results revealed that biochar (600 mg/L) combined with Fe0 NPs (400 mg/L) synergistically enhanced microbial activity and enriched much more Clostridium species, which contributed to more efficient metabolic pathways for synergistically improving hydrogen productivity and substrate utilization. It is proposed that the synergistic effect was attributed to the complementary functions of biochar and Fe0 NPs in the system and the release of more Fe2+ from the Fe0 NPs-biochar micro-electrolysis. Hydrogen yield reached 50.6 mL/g-dry grass when biochar + Fe0 NPs were added, which was 89.8%, 53.3% and 15.9% more than that for the control group, the individual biochar and individual Fe0 NPs group, respectively. The addition of biochar + Fe0 NPs also shortened the lag phase and enhanced the hydrolysis of grass, which accelerated the hydrogen fermentation process. This investigation demonstrated that biochar combined with Fe0 NPs is an effective method for improving the process efficiency of biohydrogen production from grass fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]