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Organic anodes have emerged as a promising energy storage medium in proton ion batteries (PrIBs) due to their ability to reversibly accommodate non‐metallic proton ions. Nevertheless, the currently available organic electrodes often encounter dissolution issues, leading to a decrease in long‐cycle stability. In addition, the inherent potential of the organic anode is generally relatively high, resulting in low cell voltage of assembled PrIBs (<1.0 V). To address these challenges, a novel long‐period stable, low redox potential biphenylzine derivative, [2,2′‐biphenazine]‐7,7′‐tetraol (BPZT) is explored, from the perspective of molecular symmetry and solubility, in conjunction with the effect of the molecular frontier orbital energy levels on its redox potential. Specifically, BPZT exhibited a low potential of 0.29 V (vs SHE) and is virtually insoluble in 2 m H2SO4 electrolyte during cycling. When paired with MnO2@GF or PbO2 cathodes, the resulting PrIBs achieve cell voltages of 1.07 V or 1.44 V, respectively, and maintain a high capacity retention of 90% over 20000 cycles. Additionally, these full batteries can operate stably at a high mass loading of 10 mgBPZT cm−2, highlighting their potential toward long‐term energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising pathway to generate renewable fuels and chemicals. However, its advancement is impeded by the absence of electrocatalysts with both high selectivity and stability. Here, we present a scalable in-situ thermal evaporation technique for synthesizing series of Bi, In, and Sn nanofilms on carbon felt (CF) substrates with a high-aspect-ratio structure. The resulting main-group metal nanofilms exhibit a homogeneously distributed and highly exposed catalyst surface with ample active sites, thereby promoting mass transport and ad-/desorption of reaction intermediates. Benefiting from the unique fractal morphology, the Bi nanofilms deposited on CF exhibit optimal catalytic activities for CO2 electroreduction among the designed metal nanofilms electrodes, with the highest Faradaic efficiency of 96.9% for formate production at −1.3 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in H-cell. Under an industrially relevant current density of 221.4 mA·cm−2 in flow cells, the Bi nanofilms retain a high Faradaic efficiency of 81.7% at −1.1 V (vs. RHE) and a good long-term stability for formate production. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis (TEA) model shows the potential commercial viability of electrocatalytic CO2 conversion into formate using the Bi nanofilms catalyst. Our results offer a green and convenient approach for in-situ fabrication of stable and inexpensive thin-film catalysts with a fractal structure applicable to various industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals has been explored as a promising solution to realize carbon neutrality and inhibit global warming. This involves utilizing the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce a variety of single-carbon (C1) and multi-carbon (C2+) products. Additionally, the electrolyte solution in the CO2RR system can be enriched with nitrogen sources (such as NO3−, NO2−, N2, or NO) to enable the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds via C–N coupling reactions. However, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals still faces challenges in terms of low product yield, poor faradaic efficiency (FE), and unclear understanding of the reaction mechanism. This review summarizes the promising strategies aimed at achieving selective production of diverse carbon-containing products, including CO, formate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and organonitrogen compounds. These approaches involve the rational design of electrocatalysts and the construction of coupled electrocatalytic reaction systems. Moreover, this review presents the underlying reaction mechanisms, identifies the existing challenges, and highlights the prospects of the electrosynthesis processes. The aim is to offer valuable insights and guidance for future research on the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into carbon-containing products of enhanced value-added potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the synchronization of stochastic uncertain complex dynamic networks with time‐varying delays. In contrast to existing synchronization network models, the current study considers both internal time‐varying delays and coupling time‐varying delays. By analyzing the two factors (i.e. time‐varying delays and uncertainties) on the synchronization performance of stochastic uncertain complex dynamic networks, a new inverse optimal adaptive control is proposed. The analysis tool developed in this paper is based on Lyapunov technique, algebraic graph theory and inverse optimality, which does not need to solve Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation. Some sufficient conditions are established for the synchronization of stochastic uncertain complex dynamic networks with time‐varying delays. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present approach, simulation results are illustrated. In this paper, we consider the synchronization of stochastic uncertain complex dynamic networks with time‐varying delays. Different from the existing synchronization of the networks model, we take the internal time‐varying delays and the coupling time‐varying delays into account. By analyzing the two factors (i.e. time‐varying delays and uncertainties) on the synchronization performance of stochastic uncertain complex dynamic networks, a novel inverse optimal adaptive control is proposed. The analysis tool developed in this paper is based on Lyapunov technique, algebraic graph theory and inverse optimality, which does not need to solve Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation. Some sufficient conditions are established for the synchronization of stochastic uncertain complex dynamic networks with time‐varying delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a selection model of candidate nodes and an air parcel network hub location model to estimate the efficiency of the parcel network when adding pure freighters. Using the data on real demands among airports in practice, this article analyzes the hub location problem of the parcel network for DHL Express in the Asia-Pacific region. We find that Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Mascot are potential choices to be hub airports. The four hubs have parcel production of 10.1, 5.36, 2.75 and 0.84 million tons in the planning horizon, respectively. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the influence of different numbers of pure freighters on the air parcel network and the results indicate that the number of pure freighters can alleviate parcel pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The prediction of bus arrival time is important for passengers who want to determine their departure time and reduce anxiety at bus stops that lack timetables. The random forests based on the near neighbor (RFNN) method is proposed in this article to predict bus travel time, which has been calibrated and validated with real‐world data. A case study with two bus routes is conducted, and the proposed RFNN is compared with four methods: linear regression (LR), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and classic random forest (RF). The results indicate that the proposed model achieves high accuracy. That is, one bus route has the results of 13.65 mean absolute error (MAE), 6.90% mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), 26.37 root mean squared error (RMSE) and 13.77 (MAE), 7.58% (MAPE), 29.01 (RMSE), respectively. RFNN has a longer computation time of 44,301 seconds for a data set with 14,182 data. The proposed method can be optimized by the technology of parallel computing and can be applied to real‐time prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 into value-added chemicals has been explored as a promising solution to realize carbon neutrality and inhibit global warming. This involves utilizing the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) to produce a variety of single-carbon (C 1 ) and multi-carbon (C 2+ ) products. Additionally, the electrolyte solution in the CO 2 RR system can be enriched with nitrogen sources (such as NO 3 - , NO 2 - , N 2 , or NO) to enable the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds via C-N coupling reactions. However, the electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into valuable chemicals still faces challenges in terms of low product yield, poor faradaic efficiency (FE), and unclear understanding of the reaction mechanism. This review summarizes the promising strategies aimed at achieving selective production of diverse carbon-containing products, including CO, formate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and organonitrogen compounds. These approaches involve the rational design of electrocatalysts and the construction of coupled electrocatalytic reaction systems. Moreover, this review presents the underlying reaction mechanisms, identifies the existing challenges, and highlights the prospects of the electrosynthesis processes. The aim is to offer valuable insights and guidance for future research on the electrocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into carbon-containing products of enhanced value-added potential.

Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into high-value-added chemicals has been considered a promising route to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigate the global greenhouse effect. However, the lack of highly efficient electrocatalysts has limited its practical application. Herein, we propose an ultrafast and green electric explosion method to batch-scale prepare spherical indium (In) nanocrystals (NCs) with abundant metal defects toward high selective electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) to HCOOH. During the electric explosion synthesis process, the Ar atmosphere plays a significant role in forming the spherical In NCs with abundant metal defects instead of highly crystalline In 2 O 3 NCs formed under an air atmosphere. Analysis results reveal that the In NCs possess ultrafast catalytic kinetics and reduced onset potential, which is ascribed to the formation of rich metal defects serving as effective catalytic sites for converting CO 2 into HCOOH. This work provides a feasible strategy to massively produce efficient In-based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO 2 -to-formate conversion.