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China's vegetable oil industry has historically relied heavily on imports, which poses a substantial risk not only to national oil supply security but also across various domains including politics and economics. Given the intricate dynamics of global power competition, it is strategically imperative to optimize domestic land resource utilization efficiently while fostering ongoing advancements in agricultural science and technology. These measures are essential for bolstering vegetable oil production capacity domestically as well as diversifying import sources. By doing so effectively addresses potential security risks linked to edible vegetable oil supply chain disruptions while simultaneously safeguarding political stability, ensuring economic resilience, and promoting public welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silique number is one of the important components of yield per plant in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the exploitation and utilization of its excellent alleles are essential to increase yield. More than hundreds of silique number QTLs have been mapped in oilseed rape, but they are difficult to be fine-mapped or cloned because of their moderate and unstable effects. A oilseed rape mutant (No.7931) was detected in previous study and it had few siliques at mature stage due to the stop growth after differentiation about 10 flowers on the top of inflorescence. A F2 segregating population consisting of 3400 individuals was constructed using this mutant and another more-silique lines No.73290. Among them, we performed BSA-seq on 30 individuals with extreme more- or less-siliques and detected three associated intervals of 0-1.1 Mb, 4.7-6.2 Mb, and 11.5-12.4 Mb on the C02 chromosome. These genomic intervals contained a total of 522 annotated genes in the reference genome DarmorV8.1, among which 235 genes had functional annotation and SNP/InDel variation. At the early stage of flower bud differentiation, the shoot apical meristems of two parents were subjected to RNA-seq, and a total of 8958 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. These DEGs were significantly enriched into 20 pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, translation, and amino acid metabolism (highly associated with flower bud differentiation) and so on, among which 99 were located in the associated intervals. By the integration of gene functional annotation as well as sequence and expression variation analysis, a total of nine candidate genes (BnaC02g00490.1D2, BnaC02g01030.1D2, BnaC02g01120.1D2, BnaC02g00270.1D2, BnaC02g02670.1D2, BnaC02g08680.1D2, BnaC02g08890.1D2, BnaC02g09480.1D2, and BnaC02g10490.1D2) were identified, which were mainly involved in the maintenance of inflorescence meristems and the regulation of flower development. The above results lay the foundation for the following fine-mapping and cloning of the silique number mutant gene in oilseed rape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule regulating several plant developmental and stress responses. Here, we report that NO plays an important role in seed oil content and fatty acid composition. RNAi silencing of Arabidopsis S -nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) led to reduced seed oil content. In contrast, nitrate reductase double mutant nia1nia2 had increased seed oil content, compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the concentrations of palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were higher, whereas those of stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidonic acid (C20:1) were lower, in seeds of GSNOR1 RNAi lines. Similar results were obtained with rapeseed embryos cultured in vitro with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the NO inhibitor NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Compared with non-treated embryos, the oil content decreased in SNP-treated embryos, and increased in L-NAME-treated embryos. Relative concentrations of C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3 were higher, whereas C18:1 concentration decreased in rapeseed embryos treated with SNP. Proteomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that three S -nitrosated proteins and some key genes involved in oil synthesis, were differentially regulated in SNP-treated embryos. Therefore, regulating NO content could be a novel approach to increasing seed oil content in cultivated oil crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species-specific genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon leading to parent-of-origin-specific differential expression of maternally and paternally inherited alleles. To date, no studies of imprinting have been reported in rapeseed, a tetraploid species. Here, we analysed global patterns of allelic gene expression in developing rapeseed endosperms from reciprocal crosses between inbred lines YN171 and 93275. A total of 183 imprinted genes, consisting of 167 maternal expressed genes (MEGs) and 16 paternal expressed genes (PEGs), were identified from 14,394 genes found to harbour diagnostic SNPs between the parental lines. Some imprinted genes were validated in different endosperm stages and other parental combinations by RT-PCR analysis. A clear clustering of imprinted genes throughout the rapeseed genome was identified, which was different from most other plants. Methylation analysis of 104 out of the 183 imprinted genes showed that 11 genes (7 MEGs and 4 PEGs) harboured differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Unexpectedly, only 1 MEG out of these 11 genes had a DMR that exhibited high CG methylation rate in paternal allele and had big difference between parent alleles. These results extend our understanding of gene imprinting in plants and provide potential avenues for further research in imprinted genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, Chinese edible oils were highly dependent on import. After analyzing the demand, supply and trade of oil crops in the world as well as in China, we discussed the major problems in current development of Chinese oil crops industry. The strategies and suggestions were made to solve the problems related to policy making, technology, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective silique number on main inflorescence is an important factor on rapeseed ( Brassica napus L. ) yield. Doubled haploids (DH) derived from ZY036 and 51070 were used to develop genetic markers on effective silique number. DH population was planted for 3 years at 4 locations as Wuhan -2010, Yangluo -2011, Qinghai -2011, Yangluo -2012 and Xiangyang -2012 respectively. In the 5 field trials, QTLs for the effective si-lique number on main inflorescence were identified using WinQTL Cartographer 2. 5 software. 10 QTLs were found. Their phenotypic variation, LOD value and additive effect ranged from 9.33% to 31. 60%, 2.51 to 5.37 and 2. 71 to 8. 09 respectively. Four QTLs on chromosomes A1, A5, C1 and C9 were co-localized by 2 trials. In the QTL regions, 16 linkage markers were obtained, and 8 of 16 markers had less than 1cM distance from the peak of the QTLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]