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Background: The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive pooled analysis aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) between completely endophytic tumors (CERT) and non-completely endophytic tumors (non-CERT). Methods: This study adhered rigorously to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, focusing on studies published in English up to May 2024. Our analysis primarily evaluated key outcomes, specifically perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes. Results: A total of 2126 patients across six studies were included in the analysis. Compared to non-CERT, CERT was associated with significantly higher rates of major complications (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.14 to 5.34; p = 0.02), longer warm ischemia times (Weighted Mean Difference [WMD]: 3.27 min; 95% CI: 0.61 to 5.39; p = 0.02), a greater decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD: 2.93 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: 0.75 to 5.11; p = 0.008), and relatively lower trifecta achievement rates (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.96; p = 0.03). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of operative time, length of stay, blood loss, transfusion rates, intraoperative complications, overall complications, positive surgical margins, and local recurrence. Conclusions: Although CERT was associated with greater declines in eGFR and lower rates of trifecta achievement, it yielded perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes comparable to those of non-CERT in RAPN. Our findings suggest that RAPN for completely endophytic renal masses can achieve acceptable outcomes when performed in centers with substantial expertise in robotic surgery. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?RecordID=555067 , identifier CRD42024555067. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane‐bound structures that originate from various cell types and carry molecular cargos to influence the behaviour of recipient cells. The use of EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis and as delivery vehicles for treatment in a wide range of human disease is a rapidly growing field in research and clinical practice. We hypothesized that electric fields (EFs) could influence the release and content of EVs. To examine this hypothesis, we developed a specialized bioreactor enabling cells to thrive in a three‐dimensional setting, replicating in‐vivo conditions amidst programmable EF environments. We established a three‐step EV purification protocol to achieve high‐density production of EVs. We also performed mass spectrometry‐based proteomics analysis on EV‐carrying proteins and used high‐resolution nanoparticle flowcytometry for single‐vesicle analysis. Findings from this report suggest that electrical stimulation, employing physiologically relevant amplitudes typical in therapeutic deep brain stimulation, influences the release of EVs and their cargo content in a frequency‐dependent fashion. This conclusion could carry significant implications for both fundamental biological understanding and medical advancements. First, it raises an intriguing question about how the endogenous electrical activity of neuronal and other cellular assemblies influence the production and composition of EVs. Second, it reveals a novel underlying mechanism of how therapeutic electrical stimulations can modulate EVs and treat human brain disorders. Third, it provides a novel approach to utilize electrical stimulation for generating desired EV cargos in a programmable setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylamide (AAM), a compound extensively utilized in various industrial applications, has been reported to induce toxic effects across multiple tissues in living organisms. Despite its widespread use, the impact of AAM on ovarian function and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. Here, we established an AAM‐exposed mouse toxicological model using 21 days of intragastric AAM administration. AAM exposure decreased ovarian coefficient and impaired follicle development. Further investigations revealed AAM would trigger apoptosis and disturb tricarboxylic acid cycle in ovarian tissue, thus affecting mitochondrial electron transport function. Moreover, AAM exposure decreased oocyte and embryo development potential, mechanically associated with pericentrin and phosphorylated Aurora A cluster failure, leading to meiotic spindle assembly defects. Collectively, these results suggest that AAM exposure may lead to apoptosis, glucose metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ovary tissue, ultimately compromising oocyte quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canopy interception is an important part of forest rainfall redistribution and is of great significance to the study of water balance and nutrient cycle in forest ecosystems. In recent years, many studies use different methods to explain this process and determine the suitable models for different forest vegetation, but there are few studies on canopy interception of wild peony shrubs with complex structures. This study collected meteorological and rainfall data through field observation, analyzed the composition characteristics of rainfall over the Melastoma candidum shrubs, simulated and verified canopy interception using a modified Gash model, and tested the sensitivity of the model. The results showed that the modified Gash model could well simulate the rainfall interception process over the shrubs. The measured throughfall and stemflow were 632.6 mm and 118.2 mm, resulting in 141.4 mm canopy interception, accounting for 70.9%, 13.2% and 15.8% of the total rainfall, respectively. Strong linear relationships were established between total rainfall and throughfall and stemflow, which indicated that they increased with the increase of total rainfall, and the quadratic function was used to fit the total rainfall and canopy interception(R2 = 0.71). Meanwhile, a logarithmic relationship was observed between total rainfall and the ratios of its three components and the simulation of throughfall was 3.6% higher than the measured values, while stem flow and canopy interception was 10.6% and 7.3% lower than the measured values, respectively. From the various components of the model simulation, the evaporation of intercepted rainfall accounted for 44.4% of the total interception, which was the main compartment of interception. At the same time, sensitivity analysis showed that the changes of canopy density c and trunk water holding capacity St had significant influence on the simulation of canopy interception by Gash modified model compared to other parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]