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Most biomolecules require an aqueous environment to fully exert their biological activity. However, the rotation mode, vibration mode, and energy associated with the hydrogen bonding network of water are in the terahertz band, resulting in strong absorption. Therefore, it is difficult to detect liquid biological samples using the terahertz technology. Here, a high-transmittance double-layer microfluidic chip was prepared using a cycloolefin copolymer material with high transmittance of terahertz waves. Combined with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, the terahertz spectral characteristics of deionized water, NaCl, NaCO3, and CH3COONa solutions were studied. The changes in the terahertz transmission intensity of these electrolyte solutions under constant electric and magnetic fields were measured. The results show that the terahertz spectra of different sodium salt solutions with the same concentration of 0.9 mol/L are different. Furthermore, the terahertz absorption coefficients of the different electrolyte solutions gradually decrease with the increase of their residence time under the electric field, which is contrary to the results obtained under the external magnetic field. This study provides a new idea for the detection of sodium salt solution and lays a foundation for the development of THz technology.

Objective: To survey the present status of medical treatment for Chinese outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based upon the guidelines for diagnosing and treating COPD (2007 Revised Edition and 2013 Revised Edition) and explore the impact of new guideline on treatment regimens., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at 11 participating hospitals. Stable COPD patients were consecutively recruited from outpatient clinics in China between September 2007 and December 2008 and categorized into the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I-IV classification and A-D groups according to the Chinese guidelines for diagnosing and treating COPD (2007 Revised Edition and 2013 Revised Edition). The authors compared the present status of medical treatment of two guidelines and analyze the impact of new guideline on treatment regimens., Results: Among a total of 749 patients, 79.2% (593/749) patients received medical treatment. The distribution of classification GOLD I-IV was 34 (4.5%), 211 (28.2%), 309 (41.3%) and 195 (26.0%). According to the guideline 2007, the patients on medical under-treatment based upon the guidelines in GOLD I-IV classification were 32.4% (11/34), 53.6% (113/211), 57.6% (178/309) and 55.4% (108/195); those on medical treatment: 23.5% (8/34), 3.8% (8/211), 28.8% (89/309) and 33.3% (65/195); those on medical over-treatment: 44.1% (15/34), 42.7% (90/211), 13.6% (42/309), 11.3% (22/195). The distribution of categories A-D was 93 (12.4%), 45 (6.0%), 196 (26.2%), and 415 (55.4%). According to guideline 2013, the patients on medical under-treatment were 34.4% (32/93), 62.2% (28/45), 67.9% (133/196) and 60.7% (252/415); those on medical treatment: 24.7% (23/93), 4.4% (2/45), 32.1% (63 /196) and 39.3% (163/415); those on medical over-treatment: 40.9% (38/93), 33.3% (15/45), 0 and 0. The concordance analysis comparing the judgments of treatment regimens by these two guideline yielded a weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.534 (P < 0.001), indicating that there was a moderate degree of judgments between two guidelines. Medical treatment regimens recommended by new guideline was different from old guideline in 143 COPD patients. Among them, 24 patients (16.8%) required a step-down therapy while 119 patients (83.2%) a step-up therapy., Conclusions: There are more outpatients with COPD on medical treatment, but few of them have received standardized treatment. Compared with the old GOLD classification, more patients are recommended for a step-up therapy by new stratification.

Objective: To study the gene mutation and streptomycin, isoniazid or rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium isolated from silico-tuberculosis patient's sputum so as to find a more effective therapy for this disease., Methods: Mycobacteria tuberculosis were separated from 96 coal worker with silico-tuberculosis firstly. Then rpsL, KatG and rpoB fragments of genome were copied with PCR and compared their SSCP profiles with standard strains., Results: 67 strains of streptomycin, isoniazid or rifampicin resistant Mycobacteria tuberculosis were found in routine drug resistance test, with the percentages of 80.5% (54/67), 58.2% (39/67) respectively. PCR-SSCP showed that out of 67 drug-resistant strains, 66(98.5%) of rpsL, 47(70.1%) of rpoB and 42(62.7%) of KatG appeared abnormal., Conclusion: Most of the resistant strains appeared gene mutation. The mution rates were higher than the results from routine drug resistance test.