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Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a chemiluminescence phenomenon triggered by electrochemical techniques. It has the advantages of near-zero background, high sensitivity, wide detection range, and good controllability, which has been widely commercialized in the field of in vitro diagnosis. Therefore, ECL has become one of the current research hotspots in the fields of food safety and environmental monitoring. This article summarizes the mechanism and system composition of ECL, and focuses on the application of ECL combined with immunoassay, and aptamer or molecular imprinting technology in the detection of mycotoxins. Finally, the major problems and challenges in the application of ECL in food safety detection are proposed and analyzed.

The cell-type-specific recording and manipulation is instrumental to disentangle causal neural mechanisms in physiology and behavior and increasingly requires intersectional control; however, current approaches are largely limited by the number of intersectional features, incompatibility of common effectors and insufficient gene expression. Here, we utilized the protein-splicing technique mediated by intervening sequences (intein) and devised an intein-based intersectional synthesis of transactivator (IBIST) to selectively control gene expression of common effectors in multiple-feature defined cell types in mice. We validated the specificity and sufficiency of IBIST to control fluorophores, optogenetic opsins and Ca2+ indicators in various intersectional conditions. The IBIST-based Ca2+ imaging showed that the IBIST can intersect five features and that hippocampal neurons tune differently to distinct emotional stimuli depending on the pattern of projection targets. Collectively, the IBIST multiplexes the capability to intersect cell-type features and controls common effectors to effectively regulate gene expression, monitor and manipulate neural activities.

Objective To recommend strategies to strengthen management and supervision by leaders in research institute through investigating and understanding the current situation analyzing the challenges and barriers from the view angle of Organization Department. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to investigate the current situation, the challenges, the objects and methods, problems and strengthening strategy of management and supervision for team of leadership in the institute. The staff of research institutes engaged in the management and supervision of leading cadres were interviewed. Results There were 69.61% of the respondents considered that “scientific performance and fair assessment and evaluation of leader personel ” was the difficulty of management and supervision and 75.69% of the respondents considered that “strengthening the routine management and supervision of leading team members and implementing the supervision rules and regulations strictly” was the focus of management and supervision. The results also showed that 70.72% of the respondents considered that “superior supervision” was the most direct and effective supervision and 90.61% of the respondents considered that the “top leaders of the party and government” was the key objects of management and supervision. Conclusions Strengthening the management and supervision of leading team members of scientific research institutes will be implemented by establishing and perfecting the management and supervision system, strengthening the education and training of, clarifying the key management and supervision objects and innovative management / supervision methods.

Zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have been emerged as room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, but synchronous optimization of multiple phosphorescence performance in one structural platform remains less resolved, and stable RTP activity in aqueous medium is also unrealized due to serious instability toward water and oxygen. Herein, we demonstrated a photophysical tuning strategy in a new 0D hybrid zinc halide family of (BTPP)2ZnX4 (BTPP=benzyltriphenylphosphonium, X=Cl and Br). Infrequently, the delicate combination of organic and inorganic species enables this family to display multiple ultralong green afterglow and efficient self‐trapped exciton (STE) associated cyan phosphorescence. Compared with inert luminescence of [BTPP]+ cation, incorporation of anionic [ZnX4]2− effectively enhance the spin‐orbit coupling effect, which significantly boosts the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 30.66 % and 54.62 % for afterglow and phosphorescence, respectively. Synchronously, the corresponding luminescence lifetime extend to 143.94 ms and 0.308 μs surpassing the indiscernible phosphorescence of [BTPP]X salt. More importantly, this halide family presents robust RTP emission with nearly unattenuated PLQY in water and harsh condition (acid and basic aqueous solution) over half a year. The highly efficient integrated afterglow and STE phosphorescence as well as ultrahigh aqueous state RTP realize multiple anti‐counterfeiting applications in wide chemical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we for the first time report a reversible conversion between green-emissive [DMPZ]MnCl4 and red-emissive [DMPZ]4(MnCl6)(MnCl4)2·(H2O)2 (DMPZ = 1,4-dimethylpiperazine) using kinetic and thermodynamic controlling strategies. Significantly, the synchronous structural and emission transformations in single-component organic manganese halides with adjustable emission colors are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]