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Background: Bipolar disorder's (BD) potential endophenotypes include neurological soft signs (NSS) and neurocognitive disorders (ND). Few research, meanwhile, has coupled NSS and ND as combined endophenotypes of BD. Object: This study intends to investigate NSS and ND and compare their differences in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (EBP), their unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDR), and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, search for potential endophenotypic subprojects of NSS and ND and construct and verify a composite endophenotypic. Methods: The subjects were all Han Chinese and consisted of 86 EBP, 81 FDR, and 81HC. Cambridge Neurological Inventory and MATRICSTM Consensus Cognitive Battery tested NSS and ND independently. Results: All three groups displayed a trapezoidal distribution of NSS levels and cognitive abnormalities, with EBP having the most severe NSS levels and cognitive deficits, followed by FDR and HC. Among them, motor coordination in NSS and Information processing speed (IPS), Verbal learning (VL), and Working memory (WM) in neurocognitive function are consistent with the traits of the endophenotype of BD. The accuracy in differentiating EBP and HC or FDRs and HC was higher when these items were combined as predictor factors than in differentiating EBP and FDR. Conclusion: These results provide more evidence that motor coordination, IPS, VL, and WM may be internal characteristics of bipolar disease. When these characteristics are combined into a complex endophenotype, it may be possible to distinguish BD patients and high‐risk groups from normal populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in hyperspectral image technology, diversification methods, and cost reductions have increased the convenience of hyperspectral data acquisitions. However, because of their multiband and multiredundant characteristics, hyperspectral data processing is still complex. Two feature extraction algorithms, the autoencoder (AE) and restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), were used to optimize the classification model parameters. The optimal classification model was obtained by comparing a stacked autoencoder (SAE) and a deep belief network (DBN). Finally, the SAE was further optimized by adding sparse representation constraints and GPU parallel computation to improve classification accuracy and speed. The research results show that the SAE enhanced by deep learning is superior to the traditional feature extraction algorithm. The optimal classification model based on deep learning, namely, the stacked sparse autoencoder, achieved 93.41% and 94.92% classification accuracy using two experimental datasets. The use of parallel computing increased the model's training speed by more than seven times, solving the model's lengthy training time limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the practicality of superhydrophobcc surface, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous mats containing organcc dye were prepared by electrospinning. The influence of the PVDF with various contents of dyes (including azo yellow, azo red, phthalocyanine green and phthalocyanine blue) on the surface micro-morphology and water contact angle (WCA) were investigated, respectively. Due to the interplay of the nanofibrous and bead structure, the surface roughness was increased. With the help of the hydrophobic nature of PVDF and dyes, the WCA reached to 155.0°, 155.0°, 153.0°, and 155.0°, respectively. Besides single colored nanofibrous films, multi-colored superhydrophobic surfaces can be prepared by involving more nozzles. The nanofibrous films not only have chemical and physical stability, but also have high repellency to daily beverages such as milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) when added to camrelizumab (Cam) in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M-NPC)., Methods and Materials: We conducted a randomized, controlled, multicenter, phase 2 trial in 3 centers from China (NCT04830267). Patients with R/M-NPC, without prior exposure to immunotherapy, who presented with ≥2 lesions, and at least 1 measurable lesion were randomized 1:1 to either Cam alone or Cam plus MDT (Cam+MDT). Patients randomized to the MDT group must have 1 lesion that is amendable to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) prescribed to 27 Gy in 3 fractions every other day. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) of unirradiated lesions using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1., Results: Between April 2021 and August 2023, 39 patients were randomly assigned to receive either Cam (n = 20) or Cam+MDT (n = 19). In total, 17 out of 39 (43.6%) patients had oligometastatic disease (≤3 lesions), 18 out of 39 (46.2%) had liver involvement, and 3 out of 39 (7.7%) had locoregional recurrent disease. ORR of unirradiated lesions did not differ between the treatment groups (26.3% [Cam+MDT] vs 30.0% [Cam], P = 1.0). The disease control rate of unirradiated lesions was 73.7% in the Cam+MDT group compared with 60.0% in the Cam group (P = .571). After a median follow-up of 25.8 months, median progression-free survival was 9.3 (95% CI, 6.2-not reached [NR]) months in the Cam+MDT group and 8.8 (95% CI, 3.3-NR) months in the Cam group (P = .750). Exploratory analyses suggested a longer overall survival (OS) with Cam+MDT for patients with >3 lesions (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07-0.77; P = .009). G3 and above adverse events were comparable between the treatment groups (15.8% [Cam+MDT] vs 20.0% [Cam]). The overall rate of capillary proliferation was 17.9% (7/39) for the trial., Conclusions: Our study did not meet its primary endpoint of superior ORR of unirradiated lesions with the addition of MDT to Cam in patients with R/M-NPC., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)