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Kidney is one of the key target organs involved in autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). The clinical manifestations of renal impairment associated with AIDs are diverse, including hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, renal artery stenosis, renal insufficiency, and others. The pathogenesis is mostly renal amyloidosis and/or renal vasculitis/vasculopathy caused by inflammasome activation. Whether or not the kidney is involved and its degree is closely related to the prognosis of AIDs patients. This article introduces the pathogenesis of AIDs-related renal impairmen and highlights the clinical characteristics of renal damage in some AIDs, aiming to enhance clinicians′ understanding of AIDs-related renal damage, and to implement early diagnosis and treatment to improve patients′ quality of life and prognosis.

【Background】 Drought and flooding are two extreme weathers facing agriculture production in the world. They happen regionally, but the global warming over the past century has substantially increased their frequency in all regions. Understanding their underlying mechanisms is important for risk management and mitigating their detrimental impact. 【Objective】 This paper is to analyze the flooding and droughts occurring over Ming and Qing dynasties in Weinan of Shaanxi province, as well as their underlying determinants. 【Method】 The analysis was based on the archive - Chinese meteorological records over the last 3 000 years. Their multiscale features were calculated using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). 【Result】 Over the two dynasties, the frequency of droughts and flooding showed a pattern of increasing first followed by a decline before stabilizing. Temporally, drought and flooding were hierarchically periodic, with nested periods of 2~5 years, 10 years, 18 years, 27 years, 52 years, 84 years and 100 years. Such a hierarchy was associated well with the 2~5 year period of the El Niño, 10-year period of solar activity, 50-year period of centennial cycle, and 20~30 year period of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), respectively. The wavelet of cross and condensate spectrums showed that drought and flooding in this region was closely related to solar activity, El Niño and Pacific interdecadal oscillation. The inter-annual and inter-decadal variation of the quasi-4a and quasi-38a explained 59.5% and 20.1% of the variance of drought and flooding respectively, indicating that the oscillation of drought and flooding was impacted by inter-annual period more than by the inter-decadal period. 【Conclusion】 The occurrence of drought and flooding over the Ming and Qing dynasties in Weinan of Shaanxi province showed hierarchical periods, which were closely related to the solar activity, El Niño and the decadal oscillation of Pacific Ocean.

Semantic segmentation of ultrasound (US) images with deep learning has played a crucial role in computer-aided disease screening, diagnosis and prognosis. However, due to the scarcity of US images and small field of view, resulting segmentation models are tailored for a specific single organ and may lack robustness, overlooking correlations among anatomical structures of multiple organs. To address these challenges, we propose the Multi-Organ FOundation (MOFO) model for universal US image segmentation. The MOFO is optimized jointly from multiple organs across various anatomical regions to overcome the data scarcity and explore correlations between multiple organs. The MOFO extracts organ-invariant representations from US images. Simultaneously, the task prompt is employed to refine organ-specific representations for segmentation predictions. Moreover, the anatomical prior is incorporated to enhance the consistency of the anatomical structures. A multi-organ US database, comprising 7039 images from 10 organs across various regions of the human body, has been established to evaluate our model. Results demonstrate that the MOFO outperforms single-organ methods in terms of the Dice coefficient, 95% Hausdorff distance and average symmetric surface distance with statistically sufficient margins. Our experiments in multi-organ universal segmentation for US images serve as a pioneering exploration of improving segmentation performance by leveraging semantic and anatomical relationships within US images of multiple organs.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and genetic features of 2 patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome., Method: Using next generation sequencing (NGS) the CREBBP and EP300 genes of 2 children who were diagnosed as Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The mutations identified by NGS were verified by PCR were analyzed., Result: The 2 patients at the age of 5 months and 4.5 years manifested short stature (the height were 60 cm and 99 cm respectively), low hairline, thick and dense hair and eyebrows, long lash, epicanthus of both eyes, protruded supercilliary arch, broad and flat thumbs and halluces, and particular facial abnormalities. Patient 2 had language retardation besides. One missense mutation of c.3535A>G, p.Ser1179Gly was found in CREBBP gene in patient 1 and one microdeletion mutation of c.4995_4999delCGCCT, p. Ala1666Pro fs66x was found inpatient 2. Both mutations were reported for the first time., Conclusion: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is characterized by mental and growth retardation, wide and flat thumbs and first toes, and dysmorphic facial features. CREBBP is one of the causative genes. Mutation detection on CREBBP gene can confirm the diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.