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[Objective] This study explored the paths for different types of farmers in agricultural heritage sites to realize the value of ecological products through tourism, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the realization of ecological product values in agricultural heritage sites. [Methods] Based on the theories of farmer behavior and ecosystem services and using data from 51 semi-structured in-depth interviews through field investigation of the Dancong tea culture system in Chaozhou City of Guangdong Province, and combined with the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and the ability of community residents to participate in tourism, this study constructed a livelihood capital measurement indicator system for the tourism value realization of ecological products in the agricultural heritage site from the farmers’ perspective, which includes 21 secondary indicators. Then, this study used entropy method to evaluate the capital held by different types of farmers, and further discussed whether there are significant differences between the capitals held by different types of farmers by one-way ANOVA. [Results] (1) Economic capital and physical capital are the dominant capitals for farmers to participate in tourism in the alpine tea-growing areas. The dominant capital of farmers in the F1 site in low mountain tea-growing areas is natural capital, while the dominant capitals of farmers in the F2 site in low mountain tea-growing areas is human capital and sociocultural capital. (2) Among the five major capitals, there are significant differences in economic capital and physical capital between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and low mountain tea-growing areas. With regard to economic capital, there is a significant difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F1 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas. In terms of physical capital, the difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F1 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas is extremely significant, and the difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F2 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas is significant. (3) Farmers in alpine tea-growning areas and low mountain tea-growning areas can be further categorized into three representative types: strong economic capital-weak natural capital, strong natural capital-weak economic capital, and strong human capital-strong sociocultural capital types. According to the characteristics of capital and the level of tourism development, three value realization paths of ecological products of agricultural heritage sites through tourism were proposed. [Conclusion] Tourism plays an important role in realizing the multi-functional value of agricultural heritage and enhancing its inheritance and utilization. Different types of farmers in agricultural heritage sites hold different livelihood capital, so they can realize the tourism value of ecological products through different capital combinations, thus helping farmers to better realize the economic benefits of ecological products, enhance their livelihood resilience, promote farmers' awareness of ecological protection and heritage protection, and feed back ecosystem restoration and heritage protection with economic benefits.

Unsustainable human activities threaten the ecological security of arid and semi-arid watersheds. However, improving the connectivity of ecological networks can enhance ecosystem services and preserve biodiversity in these fragile environments. In this study, we aimed to identify ecological sources of the Tabu River Basin by quantifying five key ecosystem services and using a morphological spatial pattern analysis model. We further optimized resistance surfaces using landscape pattern indices, constructed an ecological network, and provided recommendations for sustainable management. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Ecosystem services in the Tabu River Basin exhibit clear spatial heterogeneity, with significant increases in water yield, food supply, and carbon sequestration over the past two decades. (2) Landscape pattern indices, such as the aggregation index, patch cohesion index, and Shannon's diversity index, showed declines, indicating heightened landscape fragmentation and reduced connectivity. (3) Over the study period, the number of ecological sources increased from 6 to 17, although the total area of these sources decreased. The number of corridors expanded from 9 to 36, with a total length increase of 362.47 km, whereas pinch points increased from 27 to 40. (4) After optimization, one additional corridor and 24 new pinch points were identified, alongside a marked reduction in resistance in the northern and central-western regions. These results provide a robust scientific basis for optimizing land-use planning and reinforcing ecological security in the Tabu River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livelihood vulnerability assessment has become an important policy tool for identifying groups in need of immediate intervention. Based on survey data covering 427 households in the Hulunbuir Grasslands in northern China, an indicator-based livelihood vulnerability assessment system (LVAS) was established by combining the sustainable livelihood framework and the exposure–sensitivity–adaptation framework, which described the livelihood vulnerability of households across the household life cycle in terms of the dimensions of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify the key variables that determine livelihood vulnerability. The results show that the livelihoods of pastoral households in the Hulunbuir Grasslands are moderately vulnerable overall, with a high level of exposure, a medium level of sensitivity, and a low level of adaptive capacity. As the household life cycle progresses (from the starting period to the empty-nest period), the adaptive capacity of pastoral households gradually decreases, and their livelihood vulnerability increases. The variables that most exacerbate the vulnerability of pastoral households’ livelihoods in this region are policy–ecological risks, climate–disaster risks and socioeconomic risks, and the main ways to reduce vulnerability are to improve these households’ productive capital, diversify their sources of livelihood, and improve their access to information. The results of the study provide empirical support for similar settings in different regions worldwide that aim to achieve a “win–win” situation of ecological conservation and sustainable livelihood development.

Conflicts arising from human activities and biodiversity value affect the conservation efficacy of protected areas. Resolving these conflicts requires conservation‐compatible livelihoods, such as through agroecology. Here, we built a comprehensive social–psychological framework to explore and understand farmers' intentions to adopt agroecological approaches in tea management in Wuyishan National Park, China.We extended the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by integrating household livelihood assets (LAs) as a material precondition for the social–psychological decision‐making process. We proposed geographical location (GL) and livelihood strategy (LS) as moderating factors for this agroecology intention. We collected 369 valid household samples through structured interviews. We then used partial least square‐structural equation (PLS‐SEM) modelling to explore the determinants that affect tea farmers' agroecological intentions.Livelihood assets were a material foundation influencing the intention to adopt agroecology and were also mediated by three psychological constructs to take effect. Perceived behavioural control explained the largest proportion of the variance for intention and exerted the most significant mediation effects. Subjective norm was another vital independent predictor and exerted a positive influence on both perceived behavioural control and attitude. The direct and mediating impacts of attitude on the intention were weaker but showed that farmers' ecological rationality outweighed value rationality.Livelihood strategies measured by operational scale and livelihood diversity were able to moderate farmers' psychology. Subjective norm had positively significant influence on perceived behavioural control and attitude, indicating that social support to farmers enhanced their feeling of control over adopting agroecology and that important referent groups as sources of information helped farmers' attitude formation. Perceived behavioural control positively and significantly influences farmers' attitudes as well.Synthesis and applications. Our findings provide evidence of the necessity to optimise rural farmers' livelihood assets to enhance their confidence and control over agroecology. Resolving the conservation‐development dilemma in protected areas through agroecology should aim at comprehensive support that respects bioculture and improves farmers' ability. We suggest knowledge co‐production of traditional wisdom and modern technologies, reducing management costs and risks, strengthening park‐people communication and diversifying incentives to farmers with different livelihood strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (emim dca) was able to form Ni‐based coordination polymers where dca served as the bridging ligand with the postulate that emim was secondarily coordinated in the pores of the framework. Formation of the coordination polymer (CP) was accomplished by using a salting‐out approach (SOAP) with a saturated solution of lithium chloride (LiCl) as a mineralizer. The CP was thermo‐oxidatively stable up to 400 °C and displayed a nanorod‐like morphology. The rod‐like structures tended to stack in bundles. The microstructure of the Ni emim dca CP bore similarity to the rutile‐related framework of Ni(dca)2. However, the Ni emim dca CP was chemically distinguishable from Ni(dca)2 because of the presence of emim. Though the Ni emim dca CP was thermally stable below 400 °C, there appeared to be a thermal activation of the compound, likely through the nitrile groups. The activation of the nitrile groups is an indicator of potential reactivity of the CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Little is known about the genetic basis of clozapine‐related neutropaenia. This study aims to explore candidate genes and pathways involved in clozapine‐related neutropaenia. Methods: This study conducted a two‐stage integrative analysis of the summary statistics from the genome‐wide association study (GWAS, n = 552) of the lowest absolute neutrophil count (ANC) during clozapine treatment and the summary data of the expressed quantitative trait locus (eQTL). First, we use the probabilistic Mendelian randomization (PMR‐Egger) to identify genes whose expression is causally related to ANC, and then use Bayesian co‐localization analysis to investigate whether there are shared causal variants between them [posterior probability for hypotheses 4 (PP.H4) > 0.80]. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted to explore the pathways that may be associated with ANC during clozapine treatment. Results: PMR‐Egger analysis identified 146 genes that may be causally associated with ANC after Bonferroni correction (P‐value < 3.25e‐6). Bayesian co‐localization analysis identified six further genes whose gene expression shared common variants with ANC, including NT5E (PP.H4 = 0.96), GLDC (PP.H4 = 0.82), NUDT17 (PP.H4 = 0.88), MSH4 (PP.H4 = 0.88), PTER (PP.H4 = 0.89) and SERPINB6 (PP.H4 = 0.83). Enrichment analysis identified 52 GO terms and seven pathways associated with ANC, such as NAD metabolic process, drug catabolic process and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Conclusion: This study identified multiple candidate genes and pathways that may be involved in clozapine‐related neutropaenia, providing novel clues for the mechanism of clozapine‐related neutropaenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser-based and solution-phase emission experiments are performed to study the chemical reactivity of singlet sigma oxygen (b1-sigma-g+) in solution. The experiments are carried out at various quencher excitation levels using deuterated and halogenated quenchers. Spectroscopic data reveals that the removal of b1-sigma-g+ from a solution phase system by chemical reaction does not compete effectively with both quencher- and solvent-induced physical deactivation channels that produce the lowest excited electronic state of oxygen.

The photodegradation of poly(2,5-bis(5,6-dihydrocholestanoxy)-1,4- phenylenevinylene) (BCHA-PPV) in solid films and liquid solutions involve a chain cleavage of BCHA-PPV and leads to the production of a reactive singlet oxygen intermediate. The transfer of energy from the BCHA-PPV triplet state to the ground state oxygen leads to the formation of the singlet oxygen. The polymer degradation reaction takes place by adding a singlet oxygen in a Pi2 + Pi2 cycloaddition reaction to the double bond that unites phenylene groups in the macromolecule.

A study investigated the effect of solvent on the O2(b1Sigma subg supra+) - O2(a1Deltag) fluorescent emission spectrum. The dependence of O2(b1Sigma subg supra+) - O2(a1Deltag) and O2(a1DDeltag) - O2(X3Delta subg supra1) emission band maxima on the solvent refractive index n and the functions of n shows that the respective transition energies are affected in a similar manner by solvent perturbations. The electronic response of the solvent is also a significant component of the oxygen-solvent interaction. Other results are discussed.