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Plant leaves respond to day/night cycling in a number of physiological ways. At the mRNA level, the expression of some genes changes during the 24 h period. To determine which proteins exhibited a rhythmic pattern of expression, proteomic profiles in maize seedling leaves were analyzed by high-throughput two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, combined with MALDI-TOF MS technology. Of the 464 proteins that were detected with silver staining in a pH range of 4-7, 17 (3.66%) showed clock rhythmicity in their abundance. These proteins belonged to diverse functional groups and proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were over-represented. These findings provide a new perspective on the relationship between the physiological functions of leaves and the clock rhythmic system.

The abundance of microplastics in freshwater systems in China and the biotoxicity of microplastics in the world were reviewed. The analysis and identification methods of microplastics still have many limitations. Improving technical methods is of great significance for studying the aggregation and migration process of microplastics in environmental media. The establishment of an ecotoxicological assessment methods for microplastics and its compound pollution system and the enrichment of basic database will be a hot spot in this field in the future. Scholars and experts should combine international front scientific issues and analysis and identification difficulties, improve the recycling and waste management of plastic products, strengthen the detection of the concentration of microplastics in the environment, and explore the transfer efficiency of microplastics pollutants between different nutritional levels, continuously improve the biological toxicity effects and ecotoxicological mechanisms of microplastics and their compound pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the research progress of AGS resource recovery technology in recent ten years, and mainly summarizes methods to extract the high-value-added product in EPS from AGS, compares relative merits of different extraction methods and potential applications of different high-value-added products. This will provide technical supports for low-carbon efficient wastewater treatment process with AGS technology as the core technology, and provide valuable research thoughts for wastewater resource recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies showed that numerous phosphorus element existed in anammox granular sludge. The phenomenon not only improved the settleablity and mechanical property of granular sludge, but also is conducive to the growth of anammox bacteria. At the same time, it can also achieve the purpose of recovering phosphorus by recycling granule sludge. Hence, based on the possible mechanism of biologically induced phosphorus removal by the anammox granular sludge,the advantages and the feasibility on the nutrients removal of anammox granular sludge process are summarized. Furthermore,the potential application of this process is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid-liquid phase equilibria of the ternary system KNO3 + KH2PO4 + H2O at the temperatures of 283.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K and the pressure of  0.1 MPa are researched by isothermal solution saturation. The equilibria solid phases are researched by Schreinemakers method (wet residues). The solubility data are determined. Based on these data, the phase diagrams and the crystalline areas are determined. The phase equilibria at different temperatures are compared and discussed. All results can provide basic data support for crystallization and further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background EV71 is associated with the fatal cases of brain stem encephalitis during large HFMD outbreaks from 1998 to 2008. EV71 may continuously shed from upper respiratory tracts and feces of HFMD patients for relatively long time after recovery. However, the persistence of viruses in the patients' secretions and excretions is not clear. Methods Serial throat swabs and feces of 34 definitely diagnosed patients, including 30 mild cases and 4 severe cases, were traced and collected with the interval of 2 to 4 days for up to 32 and 48 days, respectively, and tested by a nested RT-PCR. Results The EV-71 specific sequences were identified by a Nested RT-PCR in all specimens of 0-4 days, and 5-8 days. The positive rates of EV71 in throat swabs dropped markedly to 42.86% during 9-12 days, and maintained at 20-30% during 13-24 days, while that in feces reduced to 71.43% during 9-12 days, and maintained roughly 20% till 37-40 days. EV71 nucleotide of 36.36% cases disappeared simultaneously both in throats and feces, 39.39% cases showed longer persistence of EV71 nucleotides in feces, and 21.21% were longer in throats. The longest duration of shedding observed was 24 days for throat swabs and 42 days for fecal specimens. Conclusions EV71 shedding from respiratory tract may continue for nearly four weeks after onset, but its excretion through feces can persist more than five weeks.

Objective: To compare the treatment outcomes, complications and histopathologic features between conventional parotidectomy and functional regional parotidectomy in the treatment for pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland and to provide clinical, and pathological evidence for determining the safe surgical margin., Methods: Of 109 patients, 60 patients received conventional parotidectomy and 49 patients received functional regional parotidectomy. The rates of tumor recurrence and complications were compared between the groups of patients., Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of tumor recurrence, the facial paralysis and sialosyrinx between two groups. The rates of Frey's syndrome, numbness of auricular region, and facial asymmetry were 30.0%, 61.7%, and 38.3% in the patients with conventional parotidectomy respectively, while the rates were 6.1%, 30.6%, and 8.2% in the patients with functional regional parotidectomy, with significant statistically difference, respectively (P < 0.05). Of 109 patients, 33 with incomplete capsule, 29 with capsule penetration, 25 with pseudopodia, and 13 with satellite nodules. There was no significant difference in the depth of tumor infiltration between two groups of patients. For the tumor smaller than 2 cm, the depth of infiltration in conventional group was from 0.061 to 1.122 mm, functional group was from 0.442 to 3.127 mm (Z = -1.093, P = 0.057); for the tumors between 2 - 4 cm, the depth in conventional group was from 0.081 to 7.908 mm, functional group was from 0.082 to 6.632 mm (Z = -0.214, P = 0.831); for the tumor larger than 4 cm, the depth of infiltration was from 0.340 to 8.476 mm., Conclusions: Compared with conventional parotidectomy, functional regional parotidectomy has good outcomes and less complications. The surgical margins of pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland should be determined by the size of tumor. The 1 cm-surgical margins are safe for the tumors less than 4 cm, and the tumors more than 4 cm should be treated with superficial parotidectomy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of focal irrigation with mild hypothermic artificial cerebral spinal fluid on the spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury., Methods: Eighteen health male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (Group NC), spinal ischemia-reperfusion group (Group SIR) and focal irrigation with mild hypothermic artificial cerebral spinal fluid group (Group FI). The rabbits in Group SIR and Group FI were subjected to spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by clamping the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The rabbits in Group FI received focal irrigation with 25 degrees C artificial cerebral spinal fluid during the spinal ischemia period. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral spinal fluid pressure (CSFP) were continuously measured during the ischemic/reperfusion processes. The neurological conditions of the rabbits were assessed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after reperfusions. The spinal cords were harvested 72 h after reperfusions for histological analysis., Results: The MAP and CSFP in Group NC remained stable. The MAP in Group SIR and Group FI decreased continuously in the first 30 min of spinal ischemia period and 30 min after reperfusion. The CSFP in Group SIR increased continuously in the first 10 min of spinal ischemia and was higher than the baseline and those in Group NC. The CSFP in Group FI decreased to 3.8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.1333 kPa) at the beginning of spinal ischemia, and remained at 3-5 mmHg until 20 min after reperfusions. Group FI had better neurological outcomes and less severe pathological changes than Group SIR measured at 72 h after ischemia/reperfusion., Conclusion: Focal irrigation with mild hypothermic artificial cerebral spinal fluid can decrease CSFP during spinal ischemia/reperfusion and protect spinal cords against ischemia/reperfusion injuries.