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This paper focuses on the conceptualization and quantification of carbon emission inequality and fairness from energy consumption. In order to more accurately measure the carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption in each city, we firstly propose a new method for calculating the carbon emission factor for electricity, and calculates the carbon emissions from energy consumption in 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019. Through the application of the Theil-Kaya decomposition mechanism and the improved Atkinson index, we conducted an in-depth study of the carbon emission inequality and fairness indicators from energy consumption. The results show that (1) Although China's overall inequality has declined, it remains significant in the western region, with its inequality indicator fluctuating from 0.548 in 2003 to 0.683 in 2019.(2) The decomposition of the drivers of inequality indicators shows that the contribution of GDP per capita to inequality is increasingly being replaced by energy intensity and the energy carbon emission factor, with energy intensity emerging as the main driver, contributing more than 40% to inequality in 2019, both overall and in the three regions.(3) The results for the fairness indicator, on the other hand, show a certain degree of divergence. Further Dynamic Time Warping fitting analysis shows that regardless of how the public's sensitivity to carbon emissions varies, the change trends of the fairness and inequality indicators for carbon emissions in the eastern region show a high degree of convergence, even in the two most extreme cases. The fit is poorest in the western region, but improves significantly if public's sensitivity to carbon emissions increases. (4)To sum up, some policies that are consistent with the context of the times, such as the East-West regional counterparts and the construction of a new type of power system, are worthy of priority consideration by the Government.

Hyperspectral image change detection can provide timely change information on the surface of the earth, which is essential for urban and rural planning and management. Due to the higher spectral resolution, hyperspectral images are often used to detect finer changes. Aiming at the problem of change detection by using hyperspectral image, a hyperspectral change detection method based on collaborative sparsity and nonlocal low-rank tensor is proposed. This method first obtains hyperspectral differential image at different time points, and then extracts different nonlocal similar block tensor clusters according to the nonlocal distribution characteristics of the image blocks in the differential image. Then, based on collaborative sparse regularization and low-rank regularization, a change detection model using collaborative sparsity and non-local low-rank tensor is established, and the representa-tion coefficient is obtained by solving the model using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Finally, the projection residuals of the tensor in different categories are obtained according to the representation coefficients, and then the projection residual minimization criterion is judged whether the tensor has changed. Experiments on Farm-land and Urban area in San Francisco City datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve much better changes detection accuracy.

Dynamic caustic experimental method and numerical simulation method were used to study the crack propagation rules and the tension/compression damage zone at the end of boreholes in the planar model.The results show that the effect of different length-diameter ratios on the crack propagation was significant.As the length-diameter ratio increasing,the crack propagation lengths increased and the expansion angles decreased.When the length-diameter ratio was 5/5,the crack propagation angle was about 90°.When the length-diameter ratio increased to be 20(30/1.5),the crack propagation angles decreased to be 40°.As the length-diameter ratios increased again,the crack propagation angled didn’t change any more.The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results,and Numerical simulation shows that small area of compression damage area formed in the area of the column hole,and “X” type tensile damage zone formed at the end of the hole,which lead to the formation of explosive crack easily at the end of the borehole.The radius of the tensile damage zone was approximately 5 times the radius of the compression zone around the borehole.