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Victoria Walton,1 Anne Hogden,1 Janet C Long,2 Julie K Johnson,3 David Greenfield1 1Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia; 2Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Centre for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USACorrespondence: Victoria WaltonAustralian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 5052, Alexandria, Sydney NSW 2015, AustraliaTel +61 2 408 417 814Email victoria.walton@utas.edu.auPurpose: Interdisciplinary bedside ward rounds have the capacity to facilitate coordinated interprofessional patient care. To be an effective means of care coordination, clinicians need an explicit understanding of how these rounds contribute to patient care. By identifying benefits and challenges to the effective use of interdisciplinary ward rounds, clinicians create an opportunity to improve interprofessional teamwork, care planning, and coordination of patient care.Methods: A survey was conducted with frontline professionals in two acute care and two rehabilitation wards from a metropolitan teaching hospital. There were 77 participants, representing medical officers, nurses, and allied health clinicians. Questions examined the perceived benefits and challenges of conducting interdisciplinary ward rounds in their units. Survey findings were coded for meaning and then grouped into themes.Results: Benefits revealed a desired care delivery model challenged by the complexities of organizational and professional cultures. The themes of “being on the same page”, “focusing on patients”, and “holistic care planning” underpinned the ideas of collaboration and improved patient-centred care, that is, benefits to patients. Challenges centred on health professionals’ time constraints and the coordination of teams to enable participation in rounds. The themes were more distinct, logistical barriers of “time”, “workforce”, and “care planning”.Conclusion: Overall, clinicians recognise there are greater benefits to IBRs and have a willingness to participate. However, careful consideration is required to introduce and continually achieve the best from IBR as they require changes in organizational context and culture.Keywords: challenges, benefits, coordination, patient focused care, time factors, communication

Victoria Walton,1 Anne Hogden,1 Janet C Long,2 Julie K Johnson,3 David Greenfield11Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, Australia; 2Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; 3Department of Surgery, Center for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USACorrespondence: Victoria WaltonAustralian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 5052, Alexandria, NSW, 2015, Sydney, AustraliaTel +61 24 0841 7814Email victoria.walton@utas.edu.auBackground: The ward round is an opportunity to plan and deliver patient-centered care. Benefits include an effective and safer clinician-patient relationship, patient empowerment, reduced anxiety and increased trust in the health care system. Factors contributing to patient involvement in ward rounds is shaped by their preferences, ability, and opportunity.Aim: To investigate ward rounds and the patient experience with them, the relationship between the patient and clinicians, and how rounds facilitate collaboration between them.Patients and methods: A multimethod study was conducted in a single Australian facility in acute medicine and rehabilitation specialties. An observational study of ward rounds in each setting was conducted with 14 patients, aged between 55 and 89 years followed by semi-structured interviews conducted with the patients observed. Descriptive and thematic analysis was undertaken.Results: One third of participants had not heard of the term ward round or could describe their purpose. Three main influencers on the patient experience of rounds were: self; the health system; and medical officers. No meaningful difference was found between patients in acute medicine and rehabilitation although all wanted to receive information from the senior medical officers. Patients more familiar with the health system were more active participants and took greater responsibility for their involvement in rounds and described higher satisfaction.Conclusion: There is a level of acceptance within the health system that patients understand what a ward round is. However, their role on the round is complex and this may only be developed through experiencing them. High system users teach themselves to navigate rounding processes to ensure their needs are met. To ensure equity in participation patients should be educated on ward rounds, what to expect and how to they can participate.Keywords: ward rounds, patient participation, interview, education

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is an economically important pest of small and stone fruits. Its establishment in the Americas and Europe marked an important turning point in crop management programs. Ten years after its first detection, an effective integrated pest management program has yet to be developed and pesticides are mainly used to control this pest. Here we test a new behavioral control tool, with the aim to develop an alternative pest control strategy. A food-grade gum matrix, was evaluated under controlled and open field conditions for its ability to attract the pest and protect the ripening fruit. Here, we report that the gum effectively reduces fruit infestation when used under managed conditions. We show that a single point source can affect D. suzukii behavior over a 3.6 m radius and last for up to 21 d. Open field data reveal that the efficacy of the gum is significantly impacted by water content. We discuss these results in respect to the future implications for D. suzukii management, along with important considerations on gum mechanism of action, possible application strategies and economic suitability for growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente artigo discute o papel da extensão universitária no que tange ao impacto social e à formação acadêmica do discente, a partir de um projeto de extensão desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Piauí, objetivando incentivar o desenvolvimento de propostas de extensão voltadas para o atendimento às demandas surgidas durante a pandemia COVID-19. Buscando celeridade nas ações de extensão emergentes no contexto pandêmico, o projeto previa, em sua metodologia, a inclusão de várias modalidades de ações de extensão a serem executadas de abril a novembro de 2020. Durante este período foram desenvolvidas 113 propostas de extensão voltadas para o enfrentamento da COVID-19, que possibilitaram, ao público de diversos segmentos sociais, uma compreensão melhor da doença; a adoção de práticas preventivas e de tratamento sobre a pandemia; o acesso à educação, à cultura e ao lazer durante o isolamento social, além de uma melhor formação para os alunos envolvidos na execução das ações do projeto, os quais estavam sem acesso ao ensino superior desde o início da pandemia. Os resultados apontaram para a importância do projeto na mitigação dos impactos da pandemia na vida das pessoas, em suas várias esferas, reafirmando o papel da extensão na superação das demandas sociais, na transformação da realidade e no processo formativo dos discentes, preconizado na Política Nacional de Extensão elaborada pelo Fórum de Pró-Reitores de Extensão das Universidades Públicas Brasileiras e reafirmado por estudos e discussão sobre a temática. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Impacto Social; Formação Discente The impacts of extension activities to face COVID-19 on social reality and student training Abstract: This article discusses the function of university extension from the social impact and students' academic education through an extension project developed at the Federal University of Piauí, aiming to encourage the development of extension activities directly proposed to deal with demands created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The project foresaw, in its methodology, the addition of several modalities of extension activities to be performed from April to November 2020, aiming to speed up the emerging extension actions in the pandemic context. During this period, 113 different proposals of extension activities were developed to face COVID-19, which enabled, people of different social contexts a better understanding of the disease; the adoption of preventive and treatment practices related to the pandemic; the access to education, culture, and leisure during the social isolation, and also a better training to the students involved in the execution of the project actions, who, before that, were private of access the higher education since the beginning of the pandemic. The results have shown the importance of this project in mitigating the impacts of the pandemic on people's lives in different ways, reasserting the function of extension in overcoming social demands, transforming reality, in the training process of students, recommended in the National Policy of Extension, elaborated by the Forum of Pro-Rectors of Extension of Brazilian Public Universities and reaffirmed by studies and discussion about the subject. Keywords: University Extension; Social Impact; Student Training

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), may utilize wild 'Himalaya' blackberry ( HB) Rubus armeniacus Focke or other non-crop plants as refugia and possibly exploit adjacent field margins before colonizing cultivated fruiting crops. Studies were conducted to determine the role of field margins containing HB and their effect on D. suzukii activity, density and distribution in an adjacent commercial red raspberry crop. One-ha plots adjacent to field margins containing HB or known non-host ( NH) grass crops were established in 2011 and 2012 and replicated three times. Each plot contained two transects with monitoring traps for D. suzukii in the field margin (0 m) and spaced approximately 10 (crop boundary), 40, 70 and 100 m into the adjacent crop (n = 10 traps/plot). Field margin vegetation was treated with a 10% chicken egg white mark solution weekly from pre-harvest until the end of harvest using a cannon sprayer. Adult D. suzukii were collected from traps weekly and analysed for the presence of the egg white mark using an egg white-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). During both years, marked flies and total flies were captured in higher numbers in HB field margins, whereas virtually no flies were captured in field margins containing no known alternative host. Similarly, more flies were captured in the crop near HB than near NH. Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs ( SADIE) and mean D. suzukii trap captures additionally displayed significantly higher fly densities in the raspberry field near HB than near NH. These results suggest that HB may contribute to elevated D. suzukii populations and pest pressure in comparison with field margins containing no known alternate host vegetation for D. suzukii. Having closely adjacent non-crop alternate host landscapes may result in increased D. suzukii pest pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature and humidity affect insect physiology, survival, fecundity, reproductive status and behaviour. Complementing previous work investigating the effects of temperature on adult survival and fecundity of the invasive frugivorous pest, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), this study was conducted to determine the effect of humidity on D. suzukii larval development, adult survival, fecundity and reproductive status using blueberry as a host substrate. The five constant humidity levels in laboratory bioassays were 20, 33, 71, 82 and 94% RH at 20.6 ± 0.2°C. As RH increased, fecundity and longevity increased. At the higher humidity levels, RH had limited impact on mean generation times ( T), larval development and eclosion times. The highest net reproductive rate ( R o = 68) and highest intrinsic rate of population increase ( r m = 0.17) were both recorded at 94% RH. The reproductive status of females, as indicated by the number of mature oocytes per female, was significantly greater at 82 and 94% RH, compared to 71% RH. In addition to the laboratory procedures, we correlated field trap captures over an 81-day summer period to relative humidity ( RH) levels in close proximity to those traps. In the field, low ambient humidity levels resulted in decreased trap captures. A humidity-dependent population model predicted lower densities of D. suzukii relative to populations at higher humidity. This study supports the hypothesis that cultural practices that minimize lower humidity levels in crops can contribute to the management of D. suzukii. Such methods may include open pruning, drip irrigation and field floor management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A random community survey into psychiatric disorder among women in urban and rural New Zealand found urban women to be more often at age extremes, not married, better educated, in more paid employment, and to have better household and child-care facilities. There were no overall urban-rural differences in the GHQ-28 score, total PSE score or PSE case rates. A multiple regression found the same three factors accounted for most of the explained variance in both the urban and the rural total PSE scores: these were the quality of social networks, difficulties with alcohol, and the past experience of childhood sexual abuse. Low socioeconomic status, poor physical health, and adult experiences of sexual and physical abuse were also associated with increased psychiatric morbidity in both samples. Other individual sociodemographic items were correlated with psychiatric morbidity for the urban or rural sample only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]