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Aim: The systematic review aimed to compare the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and RAGE (AGE receptors) expression in diabetic periodontitis patients with non‐diabetic periodontitis patients and to identify the relationship of AGE and RAGE levels with periodontal disease severity. Materials and Methods: The literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines by two independent researchers using four online databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Pro‐Quest. Relevant studies published between 2000 and March 2023 were included in this review. The association of diabetes and AGE/RAGE levels on periodontal health, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was studied. Results: Sixteen cross‐sectional studies, including 2794 patients (age range 15–75 years), were identified in the final stage. An elevated AGE level was observed among patients with diabetes and chronic periodontal disease compared to the non‐diabetic group. Furthermore, the levels of AGE and RAGE are associated with CAL and PPD. Potential confounding factors like genetic and methodological differences were also responsible for AGE and RAGE variation. Conclusion: Levels of AGEs and RAGE expressions in diabetic periodontitis patients differ from non‐diabetic periodontitis patients. The differences may impact the course and severity of periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of identical experimental toothpastes with different stannous sources. Materials and Methods: Streptococcus mutans biofilms were grown on protein-coated glass disks in static conditions for 24 h and thereafter exposed to toothpaste slurries or physiological saline (negative control; n = 15) for 30 s. Four experimental toothpastes were applied in this study, containing either stannous chloride (SnCl2; B: 3500 ppm Sn2+, and D: 3600 ppm Sn2+) or stannous fluoride (SnF2; C: 3500 ppm Sn2+, and E: 3600 ppm Sn2+). Marketed toothpaste meridol® (A: 3300 ppm SnF2) served as control. All five toothpastes contained amine fluoride (AmF). The biofilms were placed on agar surface and their metabolic activity was assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry over 96 h. The heat flow data was analysed for growth rate and lag time using grofit package in software R. Additionally, reduction of active biofilm compared to untreated control was calculated. Results: All toothpastes significantly prolong the lag time of treated biofilms in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). Toothpastes containing SnF2 (C and E) prolonged the lag time statistically significantly compared to toothpastes containing SnCl2 (B and D) (p < 0.05). The maximum growth rate was statistically significantly reduced by all tested toothpastes compared to the untreated control group (p < 0.05). Toothpastes containing SnF2 (A, C and E) reached 59.9 ± 7.8, 61.9 ± 7.7, and 55.6 ± 7.0% reduction of active biofilm, respectively. Thus, they exhibit statistically significantly better results than toothpastes B (52.9 ± 9.9%) and D (44.7 ± 7.6%). Toothpaste D, which contains a slightly higher concentration of Sn2+, was the least effective in reducing active biofilm. Conclusion: The toothpastes containing SnF2 combined with AmF had the highest antimicrobial efficacy in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examines the associations of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) point‐of‐care immunotest (Periosafe) outcomes with oral health of patients with haemato‐oncologic diseases. Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with haematological diseases aimed to be treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2018 and 2019 were included in the study. Clinical and radiological dental examination were taken immediately prior to transplantation. The presence of oral foci of infections, caries or periodontitis was examined and compared with the outcomes of aMMP‐8 immunotest. Results: Acute oral infection foci were present in 11.9%, chronic in 44.1% and periodontitis in 42.0% of the 143 subjects. aMMP‐8 immunotest was positive in 13.3% of all the 143 subjects. Among subjects with periodontitis (n = 60), the aMMP‐8 immunotest was also positive in 13.3% of these subjects. However, the subjects with positive aMMP‐8 immunotest (n = 19) had more often acute or chronic infection foci and more than one of the examined dental treatment needs compared with subjects with negative immunotest (all p < 0.05). There were no differences in age, sex, hyposalivation, DMFT‐index values nor with plasma levels of leukocytes, neutrophils or C‐reactive protein between subjects with positive or negative aMMP‐8 immunotest. Conclusions: aMMP‐8 immunotest accuracy might be reduced, in relation to periodontitis, in haemato‐oncologic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidemiological surveys in schoolchildren are used to assess the current status of oral health. Aim: To investigate the changes in caries experience among schoolchildren in the canton of Basel‐Landschaft, Switzerland, over a period of three decades. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the impact of various personal and demographic factors such as age group, place of residence or dental hygiene awareness on caries prevalence as well as the history of orthodontic treatment in the year 2021. Design: A random sampling of school classes from first, sixth and ninth grades, that is schoolchildren aged 7, 12 and 15 years, was performed. Children's dmft and DMFT scores were determined according to the WHO methodology while information on oral hygiene habits and dental prophylaxis awareness was collected by means of a questionnaire directed to the legal guardians of the children. Individual logistic regressions were performed to identify possible influencing factors for caries. Results: A total of 1357 schoolchildren could be included in the study. In the year 2021, the youngest age group had an average of 0.68 primary teeth that needed treatment, whereas the 12‐ and 15‐year‐olds each had approximately 0.3 permanent teeth requiring treatment. While these numbers remained constant over the examination period of three decades, most of the other caries indices improved. Younger children (p =.001) and children with a migrant background (p <.001) were found to be risk groups. Orthodontic treatment was more frequent in females, schoolchildren of Swiss nationality and children attending higher secondary schools at ninth grade. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that even in a country with a low prevalence of caries experience, untreated carious lesions remain a problem as their prevalence remained unchanged over the examination period of three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Composition of implant material and its surface structure is decisive for oral biofilm accumulation. This study investigated biofilm formation on eight different materials. Materials and Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects wore intraoral splints fitted with two sets of eight materials for 24 h: zirconia [ZrO2]; silver‐gold–palladium [AgAuPd]; titanium zirconium [TiZr]; Pagalinor [PA]; hydroxyapatite [HA]; silver‐platinum [AgPt]; titanium aluminum niobium [TAN]; titanium grade4 [TiGr4]. Total biomass was stained by safranin to assess plaque accumulation while conventional culturing (CFU) was conducted to investigate viable parts of the biofilm. Cell viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐1) was assessed in vitro. Statistical evaluation was performed with linear mixed‐effects models to compare materials (geometric mean ratios, 95% CI), with the level of significance set at ɑ =.05. Results: Less biofilm mass and CFU were found on noble metal alloys (AgPt, AgAuPd, and PA). Compared to AgPt, PA had 2.7‐times higher biofilm mass value, AgAuPd was 3.9‐times, TiGr4 was 4.1‐times, TiZr was 5.9‐times, TAN was 7.7‐times, HA was 7.8‐times, and ZrO2 was 9.1‐times higher (each p <.001). Similarly, CFU data were significantly lower on AgPt, AgAuPd had 4.1‐times higher CFU values, PA was 8.9‐times, TiGr4 was 11.2‐times, HA was 12.5‐times, TiZr was 13.3‐times, TAN was 16.9‐times, and ZrO2 was 18.5‐times higher (each p <.001). HGF‐1 viability varied between 47 ± 24.5% (HA) and 94.4 ± 24.6% (PA). Conclusion: Noble alloys are considered as beneficial materials for the transmucosal part of oral implants, as less biofilm mass, lower bacterial counts, and greater cell viability were detected than on titanium‐ or zirconia‐based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer fibers are used for a wide range of materials in contact with the human body. Since bacterial contamination may cause diseases, it is desirable to provide fibers with antimicrobial properties. This work investigates the ability of siIver-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (Ag/TCP) to build a reactive system when incorporated in polyamide fibers. In the presence of bacteria, the TCP carrier particles are biodegraded and trigger the release of silver. For this work, Ag/TCP nanoparticles (1.3 wt% silver) were produced by flame spray synthesis and subsequently processed with polyamide 6 to fibers (125-µm thick, containing 260 ppm silver) with the aid of extrusion and melt-spinning for subsequent antibacterial testing. The fibers were contaminated with the clinically relevant strains Escherichia coli or Streptococcus sanguinis, respectively. The reactive fibers demonstrated significantly reduced plate count within 24 h (the number of colony forming units was reduced by 99.999% with E. coli and 99.6% with S. sanguinis compared with pure PA6 reference fibers). These reactive properties of easily integrated antibacterial silver suggest an implementation of intelligent fibers to a wide range of applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 51:71-77, 2011. [C]2010 Society of Plastics Engineers, INTRODUCTION Synthetic fibers - industrial and commercial - are omnipresent. In 2002, the global production of manufactured fibers was 36 million metric tons: Fiberglass pads build modern cars, polyesters form [...]

This proof-of-principle study aims to find commensal oral bacteria that can produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which have similar lubrication properties to saliva and could serve as saliva substitutes. Saliva and plaque samples were collected from 21 generally healthy individuals. Primary screening was done by conventional culturing and Gram-staining; all species selected for further analysis were identified by MALDI-TOF and deposited in DSMZ. Lactobacillus gasseri (DSM32453 and DSM32455), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (DSM32452), Lactobacillus paracasei (DSM32454), and Streptococcus sanguinis (DSM32456) produced 413.6, 415.7, 431.1, 426.8, and 877.6 µg/ml of EPS, respectively. At the same time calcium dissolution could not be detected for both L. gasseri strains, minimal dissolution for the other three: S. sanguinis 0.3 mm, and 3.7 mm for L. rhamnosus and L. paracasei. There were no differences found between the EPS samples and the saliva for the effect of shear rate on the viscosity and for the effect of sliding speed on lubrication properties. In conclusion, five commensal bacterial strains have been isolated, all able to produce EPS and lead to no or to low calcium dissolution. EPS produced exhibits rheological and tribological properties comparable to human saliva. A total of four out of five selected strains are probiotic and, therefore, may exhibit additional beneficial influence within the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]