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849 results on '"Walther, Paul"'

1. Cross-View Geolocalization and Disaster Mapping with Street-View and VHR Satellite Imagery: A Case Study of Hurricane IAN

Author

Li, Hao, Deuser, Fabian, Yina, Wenping, Luo, Xuanshu, Walther, Paul, Mai, Gengchen, Huang, Wei, and Werner, Martin

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Nature disasters play a key role in shaping human-urban infrastructure interactions. Effective and efficient response to natural disasters is essential for building resilience and a sustainable urban environment. Two types of information are usually the most necessary and difficult to gather in disaster response. The first information is about disaster damage perception, which shows how badly people think that urban infrastructure has been damaged. The second information is geolocation awareness, which means how people whereabouts are made available. In this paper, we proposed a novel disaster mapping framework, namely CVDisaster, aiming at simultaneously addressing geolocalization and damage perception estimation using cross-view Street-View Imagery (SVI) and Very High-Resolution satellite imagery. CVDisaster consists of two cross-view models, where CVDisaster-Geoloc refers to a cross-view geolocalization model based on a contrastive learning objective with a Siamese ConvNeXt image encoder, and CVDisaster-Est is a cross-view classification model based on a Couple Global Context Vision Transformer (CGCViT). Taking Hurricane IAN as a case study, we evaluate the CVDisaster framework by creating a novel cross-view dataset (CVIAN) and conducting extensive experiments. As a result, we show that CVDisaster can achieve highly competitive performance (over 80% for geolocalization and 75% for damage perception estimation) with even limited fine-tuning efforts, which largely motivates future cross-view models and applications within a broader GeoAI research community. The data and code are publicly available at: https://github.com/tum-bgd/CVDisaster.

Published
2024

6. Clean Implicit 3D Structure from Noisy 2D STEM Images

Author

Kniesel, Hannah, Ropinski, Timo, Bergner, Tim, Devan, Kavitha Shaga, Read, Clarissa, Walther, Paul, Ritschel, Tobias, and Hermosilla, Pedro

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes (STEMs) acquire 2D images of a 3D sample on the scale of individual cell components. Unfortunately, these 2D images can be too noisy to be fused into a useful 3D structure and facilitating good denoisers is challenging due to the lack of clean-noisy pairs. Additionally, representing a detailed 3D structure can be difficult even for clean data when using regular 3D grids. Addressing these two limitations, we suggest a differentiable image formation model for STEM, allowing to learn a joint model of 2D sensor noise in STEM together with an implicit 3D model. We show, that the combination of these models are able to successfully disentangle 3D signal and noise without supervision and outperform at the same time several baselines on synthetic and real data., Comment: Accepted at CVPR 2022

Published
2022

8. ARF1 prevents aberrant type I interferon induction by regulating STING activation and recycling

Author

Hirschenberger, Maximilian, Lepelley, Alice, Rupp, Ulrich, Klute, Susanne, Hunszinger, Victoria, Koepke, Lennart, Merold, Veronika, Didry-Barca, Blaise, Wondany, Fanny, Bergner, Tim, Moreau, Tatiana, Rodero, Mathieu P., Rösler, Reinhild, Wiese, Sebastian, Volpi, Stefano, Gattorno, Marco, Papa, Riccardo, Lynch, Sally-Ann, Haug, Marte G., Houge, Gunnar, Wigby, Kristen M., Sprague, Jessica, Lenberg, Jerica, Read, Clarissa, Walther, Paul, Michaelis, Jens, Kirchhoff, Frank, de Oliveira Mann, Carina C., Crow, Yanick J., and Sparrer, Konstantin M. J.

Published
2023
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9. NF-κB is a critical mediator of post-mitotic senescence in oligodendrocytes and subsequent white matter loss

Author

Schlett, Judith Stefanie, Mettang, Melanie, Skaf, Aladdin, Schweizer, Pavel, Errerd, Alina, Mulugeta, Ephraim Alemayehu, Hein, Tabea Melissa, Tsesmelis, Konstantinos, Tsesmelis, Miltiadis, Büttner, Ulrike F. G., Wendt, Heinrich, Abaei, Alireza, Rasche, Volker, Prex, Vivien, Nespoli, Ester, Alami, Najwa Ouali, Tews, Daniel, Walther, Paul, Yilmazer-Hanke, Deniz, Oswald, Franz, Dimou, Leda, Wirth, Thomas, and Baumann, Bernd

Published
2023
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11. The C-terminal 32-mer fragment of hemoglobin alpha is an amyloidogenic peptide with antimicrobial properties

Author

Olari, Lia-Raluca, Bauer, Richard, Gil Miró, Marta, Vogel, Verena, Cortez Rayas, Laura, Groß, Rüdiger, Gilg, Andrea, Klevesath, Raphael, Rodríguez Alfonso, Armando A., Kaygisiz, Kübra, Rupp, Ulrich, Pant, Pradeep, Mieres-Pérez, Joel, Steppe, Lena, Schäffer, Ramona, Rauch-Wirth, Lena, Conzelmann, Carina, Müller, Janis A., Zech, Fabian, Gerbl, Fabian, Bleher, Jana, Preising, Nico, Ständker, Ludger, Wiese, Sebastian, Thal, Dietmar R., Haupt, Christian, Jonker, Hendrik R. A., Wagner, Manfred, Sanchez-Garcia, Elsa, Weil, Tanja, Stenger, Steffen, Fändrich, Marcus, von Einem, Jens, Read, Clarissa, Walther, Paul, Kirchhoff, Frank, Spellerberg, Barbara, and Münch, Jan

Published
2023
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12. Supramolecular Mechanism of Viral Envelope Disruption by Molecular Tweezers

Author

Weil, Tatjana, Groß, Rüdiger, Röcker, Annika, Bravo-Rodriguez, Kenny, Heid, Christian, Sowislok, Andrea, Le, My-Hue, Erwin, Nelli, Dwivedi, Mridula, M., Stephen, Bates, Paul, Wettstein, Lukas, Müller, Janis A, Harms, Mirja, Sparrer, Konstantin, Ruiz-Blanco, Yasser B, Stürzel, Christina M, von Einem, Jens, Lippold, Sina, Read, Clarissa, Walther, Paul, Hebel, Marco, Kreppel, Florian, Klärner, Frank-Gerrit, Bitan, Gal, Ehrmann, Michael, Weil, Tanja, Winter, Roland, Schrader, Thomas, Shorter, James, Sanchez-Garcia, Elsa, and Münch, Jan

Subjects
Engineering, Chemical Sciences, Vaccine Related, Biodefense, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Acid Phosphatase, Amyloid, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiviral Agents, Arginine, Betacoronavirus, Bridged-Ring Compounds, Cell Membrane, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Lipids, Lysine, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Organophosphates, SARS-CoV-2, Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins, Structure-Activity Relationship, Viral Envelope Proteins, Zika Virus, General Chemistry, Chemical sciences
Abstract

Broad-spectrum antivirals are powerful weapons against dangerous viruses where no specific therapy exists, as in the case of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We discovered that a lysine- and arginine-specific supramolecular ligand (CLR01) destroys enveloped viruses, including HIV, Ebola, and Zika virus, and remodels amyloid fibrils in semen that promote viral infection. Yet, it is unknown how CLR01 exerts these two distinct therapeutic activities. Here, we delineate a novel mechanism of antiviral activity by studying the activity of tweezer variants: the "phosphate tweezer" CLR01, a "carboxylate tweezer" CLR05, and a "phosphate clip" PC. Lysine complexation inside the tweezer cavity is needed to antagonize amyloidogenesis and is only achieved by CLR01. Importantly, CLR01 and CLR05 but not PC form closed inclusion complexes with lipid head groups of viral membranes, thereby altering lipid orientation and increasing surface tension. This process disrupts viral envelopes and diminishes infectivity but leaves cellular membranes intact. Consequently, CLR01 and CLR05 display broad antiviral activity against all enveloped viruses tested, including herpesviruses, Measles virus, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. Based on our mechanistic insights, we potentiated the antiviral, membrane-disrupting activity of CLR01 by introducing aliphatic ester arms into each phosphate group to act as lipid anchors that promote membrane targeting. The most potent ester modifications harbored unbranched C4 units, which engendered tweezers that were approximately one order of magnitude more effective than CLR01 and nontoxic. Thus, we establish the mechanistic basis of viral envelope disruption by specific tweezers and establish a new class of potential broad-spectrum antivirals with enhanced activity.

Published
2020

23. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas

Author

Müller, Janis A., Groß, Rüdiger, Conzelmann, Carina, Krüger, Jana, Merle, Uta, Steinhart, Johannes, Weil, Tatjana, Koepke, Lennart, Bozzo, Caterina Prelli, Read, Clarissa, Fois, Giorgio, Eiseler, Tim, Gehrmann, Julia, van Vuuren, Joanne, Wessbecher, Isabel M., Frick, Manfred, Costa, Ivan G., Breunig, Markus, Grüner, Beate, Peters, Lynn, Schuster, Michael, Liebau, Stefan, Seufferlein, Thomas, Stenger, Steffen, Stenzinger, Albrecht, MacDonald, Patrick E., Kirchhoff, Frank, Sparrer, Konstantin M. J., Walther, Paul, Lickert, Heiko, Barth, Thomas F. E., Wagner, Martin, Münch, Jan, Heller, Sandra, and Kleger, Alexander

Published
2021
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24. Attenuated replication and damaging effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants in an intestinal epithelial barrier model.

Author

Volcic, Meta, Nchioua, Rayhane, Pastorio, Chiara, Zech, Fabian, Haußmann, Isabell, Sauter, Daniel, Read, Clarissa, Walther, Paul, and Kirchhoff, Frank

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, INTESTINAL barrier function, COVID-19
Abstract

Many COVID‐19 patients suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms and impaired intestinal barrier function is thought to play a key role in Long COVID. Despite its importance, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) on intestinal epithelia is poorly understood. To address this, we established an intestinal barrier model integrating epithelial Caco‐2 cells, mucus‐secreting HT29 cells and Raji cells. This gut epithelial model allows efficient differentiation of Caco‐2 cells into microfold‐like cells, faithfully mimics intestinal barrier function, and is highly permissive to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Early strains of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the Delta variant replicated with high efficiency, severely disrupted barrier function, and depleted tight junction proteins, such as claudin‐1, occludin, and ZO‐1. In comparison, Omicron subvariants also depleted ZO‐1 from tight junctions but had fewer damaging effects on mucosal integrity and barrier function. Remdesivir, the fusion inhibitor EK1 and the transmembrane serine protease 2 inhibitor Camostat inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and thus epithelial barrier damage, while the Cathepsin inhibitor E64d was ineffective. Our results support that SARS‐CoV‐2 disrupts intestinal barrier function but further suggest that circulating Omicron variants are less damaging than earlier viral strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Antibacterial Action of Zn2+Ions Driven by the In Vivo Formed ZnO Nanoparticles

Author

Vitasovic, Toni, Caniglia, Giada, Eghtesadi, Neda, Ceccato, Marcel, Bo̷jesen, Espen Drath, Gosewinkel, Ulrich, Neusser, Gregor, Rupp, Ulrich, Walther, Paul, Kranz, Christine, and Ferapontova, Elena E.

Abstract

Antibacterial formulations based on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used for antibiotic replacement in veterinary medicine and animal nutrition. However, the undesired environmental impact of ZnO NPs triggers a search for alternative, environmentally safer solutions. Here, we show that Zn2+in its ionic form is a more eco-friendly antibacterial, and its biocidal action rivals that of ZnO NPs (<100 nm size), with a minimal biocidal concentration being 41(82) μg mL–1vs 5 μg mL–1of ZnO NPs, as determined for 103(106) CFU mL–1E. coli. We demonstrate that the biocidal activity of Zn2+ions is primarily associated with their uptake by E. coliand spontaneous in vivo transformation into insoluble ZnO nanocomposites at an internal bacterial pH of 7.7. Formed in vivo nanocomposite then damages E. colimembrane and intracellular components from the inside, by forming insoluble biocomposites, whose formation can also trigger ZnO characteristic reactions damaging the cells (e.g., by generation of high-potential reactive oxygen species). Our study defines a special route in which Zn2+metal ions induce the death of bacterial cells, which might be common to other metal ions capable of forming semiconductor oxides and insoluble hydroxides at a slightly alkaline intracellular pH of some bacteria.

Published
2024
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32. Imbalanced mitochondrial function provokes heterotaxy via aberrant ciliogenesis

Author

Burkhalter, Martin D., Sridhar, Arthi, Sampaio, Pedro, Jacinto, Raquel, Burczyk, Martina S., Donow, Cornelia, Investigators, Max AngenendCompetence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Hempel, Maja, Walther, Paul, Pennekamp, Petra, Omran, Heymut, Lopes, Susana S., Ware, Stephanie M., and Philipp, Melanie

Subjects
Congenital heart defects -- Analysis, Heart diseases -- Analysis, Genes -- Analysis, Medical research -- Analysis, Genetic disorders -- Analysis, Mitochondrial DNA -- Analysis, Biosynthesis, Genomics, Newborn infants, Phenotypes, DNA, Genomes, Cardiovascular diseases, RNA, Health care industry
Abstract

About 1% of all newborns are affected by congenital heart disease (CHD). Recent findings identify aberrantly functioning cilia as a possible source for CHD. Faulty cilia also prevent the development of proper left-right asymmetry and cause heterotaxy, the incorrect placement of visceral organs. Intriguingly, signaling cascades such as mTOR that influence mitochondrial biogenesis also affect ciliogenesis, and can cause heterotaxy-like phenotypes in zebrafish. Here, we identify levels of mitochondrial function as a determinant for ciliogenesis and a cause for heterotaxy. We detected reduced mitochondrial DNA content in biopsies of heterotaxy patients. Manipulation of mitochondrial function revealed a reciprocal influence on ciliogenesis and affected cilia-dependent processes in zebrafish, human fibroblasts and Tetrahymena thermophila. Exome analysis of heterotaxy patients revealed an increased burden of rare damaging variants in mitochondria-associated genes as compared with 1000 Genome controls. Knock down of such candidate genes caused cilia elongation and ciliopathy-like phenotypes in zebrafish, which could not be rescued by RNA encoding damaging rare variants identified in heterotaxy patients. Our findings suggest that ciliogenesis is coupled to the abundance and function of mitochondria. Our data further reveal disturbed mitochondrial function as an underlying cause for heterotaxy- linked CHD and provide a mechanism for unexplained phenotypes of mitochondrial disease., Introduction Cilia are tubulin-based extensions, which can be motile or immotile. Immotile cilia, also known as primary cilia, exist as monocilia emanating from most vertebrate cells upon entry into G0 [...]

Published
2019
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35. ARF1 prevents aberrant type I IFN induction by regulating STING activation and recycling

Author

Hirschenberger, Maximilian, primary, Lepelley, Alice, additional, Rupp, Ulrich, additional, Klute, Susanne, additional, Hunszinger, Victoria, additional, Koepke, Lennart, additional, Merold, Veronika, additional, Didry-Barca, Blaise, additional, Wondany, Fanny, additional, Bergner, Tim, additional, Wiese, Sebastian, additional, Volpi, Stefano, additional, Gattorno, Marco, additional, Papa, Riccardo, additional, Lynch, Sally-Ann, additional, G. Haug, Marte, additional, Houge, Gunnar, additional, Wigby, Kristen M., additional, Sprague, Jessica, additional, Lenberg, Jerica, additional, Read, Clarissa, additional, Walther, Paul, additional, Michaelis, Jens, additional, Kirchhoff, Frank, additional, de Oliveira Mann, Carina C., additional, Crow, Yanick J., additional, and Sparrer, Konstantin M.J., additional

Published
2023
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42. Platelet Serotonin Aggravates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Neutrophil Degranulation

Author

Mauler, Maximilian, Herr, Nadine, Schoenichen, Claudia, Witsch, Thilo, Marchini, Timoteo, Härdtner, Carmen, Koentges, Christoph, Kienle, Korbinian, Ollivier, Véronique, Schell, Maximilian, Dorner, Ludwig, Wippel, Christopher, Stallmann, Daniela, Normann, Claus, Bugger, Heiko, Walther, Paul, Wolf, Dennis, Ahrens, Ingo, Lämmermann, Tim, Ho-Tin-Noé, Benoît, Ley, Klaus, Bode, Christoph, Hilgendorf, Ingo, and Duerschmied, Daniel

Published
2019
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45. Venetoclax Resistance in B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Characterized By Increased Mitochondrial Metabolism and Can be Overcome By Co-Targeting Oxidative Phosphorylation

Author

Niedermayer, Alexandra, primary, Enzenmüller, Stefanie, additional, Seyfried, Felix, additional, Tews, Daniel, additional, Fischer-Posovszky, Pamela, additional, Rupp, Ulrich, additional, Walther, Paul, additional, Debatin, Klaus-Michael, additional, and Meyer, Lüder Hinrich, additional

Published
2022
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