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2. Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020–2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

Author

Walker, Alex, Green, Amelia, Mehrkar, Amir, Schaffer, Andrea, Brown, Andrew, Goldacre, Ben, Butler-Cole, Ben, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline, Walters, Caroline, Stables, Catherine, Cunningham, Christine, Wood, Christopher, Andrews, Colm, Evans, David, Hickman, George, Curtis, Helen, Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Morley, Jessica, Massey, Jon, Nab, Linda, Hopcroft, Lisa, Fisher, Louis, Bridges, Lucy, Wiedemann, Milan, DeVito, Nicholas, Macdonald, Orla, Inglesby, Peter, Smith, Rebecca, Croker, Richard, Park, Robin, Higgins, Rose, Bacon, Sebastian, Davy, Simon, Maude, Steven, O'Dwyer, Thomas, Ward, Tom, Speed, Victoria, Hulme, William, Hart, Liam, Stokes, Pete, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Douglas, Ian, Eggo, Rosalind, Evans, Stephen, Forbes, Harriet, Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel, Herrett, Emily, Langan, Sinead, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mathur, Rohini, McDonald, Helen, Parker, Edward, Rentsch, Christopher, Schultze, Anna, Smeeth, Liam, Tazare, John, Tomlinson, Laurie, Walker, Jemma, Williamson, Elizabeth, Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel, Zheng, Bang, Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan, Quint, Jennifer, Henderson, Alasdair D., Butler-Cole, Ben FC., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Marks, Michael, Jit, Mark, Briggs, Andrew, Lin, Liang-Yu, Carlile, Oliver, Bates, Chris, Bacon, Sebastian CJ., Dennison, William A., Costello, Ruth E., Wei, Yinghui, Walker, Alex J., and Eggo, Rosalind M.

Published
2024
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3. Exponential growth, high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccine effectiveness associated with the Delta variant.

Author

Elliott, Paul, Haw, David, Wang, Haowei, Eales, Oliver, Walters, Caroline, Ainslie, Kylie, Atchison, Christina, Fronterre, Claudio, Diggle, Peter, Page, Andrew, Trotter, Alexander, Prosolek, Sophie, Ashby, Deborah, Donnelly, Christl, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, and Riley, Steven

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, COVID-19, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, COVID-19 Vaccines, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Ethnicity, Family Characteristics, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Socioeconomic Factors, Vaccination Coverage, Vaccine Efficacy, Young Adult
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were rising during early summer 2021 in many countries as a result of the Delta variant. We assessed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction swab positivity in the Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission–1 (REACT-1) study in England. During June and July 2021, we observed sustained exponential growth with an average doubling time of 25 days, driven by complete replacement of the Alpha variant by Delta and by high prevalence at younger, less-vaccinated ages. Prevalence among unvaccinated people [1.21% (95% credible interval 1.03%, 1.41%)] was three times that among double-vaccinated people [0.40% (95% credible interval 0.34%, 0.48%)]. However, after adjusting for age and other variables, vaccine effectiveness for double-vaccinated people was estimated at between ~50% and ~60% during this period in England. Increased social mixing in the presence of Delta had the potential to generate sustained growth in infections, even at high levels of vaccination.

Published
2021

4. Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life: an OpenSAFELY population cohort study using patient-reported outcome measures (OpenPROMPT)

Author

Walker, Alex, Green, Amelia, Mehrkar, Amir, Schaffer, Andrea, Brown, Andrew, Goldacre, Ben, Butler-Cole, Ben, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline, Walters, Caroline, Stables, Catherine, Cunningham, Christine, Wood, Christopher, Andrews, Colm, Evans, David, Hickman, George, Curtis, Helen, Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Morley, Jessica, Massey, Jon, Nab, Linda, Hopcroft, Lisa, Fisher, Louis, Bridges, Lucy, Wiedemann, Milan, DeVito, Nicholas, Macdonald, Orla, Inglesby, Peter, Smith, Rebecca, Croker, Richard, Park, Robin, Higgins, Rose, Bacon, Sebastian, Davy, Simon, Maude, Steven, O'Dwyer, Thomas, Ward, Tom, Speed, Victoria, Hulme, William, Hart, Liam, Stokes, Pete, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Douglas, Ian, Eggo, Rosalind, Evans, Stephen, Forbes, Harriet, Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel, Herrett, Emily, Langan, Sinead, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mathur, Rohini, McDonald, Helen, Parker, Edward, Rentsch, Christopher, Schultze, Anna, Smeeth, Liam, Tazare, John, Tomlinson, Laurie, Walker, Jemma, Williamson, Elizabeth, Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel, Zheng, Bang, Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan, Quint, Jennifer, Carlile, Oliver, Briggs, Andrew, Henderson, Alasdair D., Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Marks, Michael, Jit, Mark, Lin, Liang-Yu, Bates, Chris, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Dennison, William A., Costello, Ruth E., Walker, Alex J., and Eggo, Rosalind M.

Published
2024
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5. Clinical and health inequality risk factors for non-COVID-related sepsis during the global COVID-19 pandemic: a national case-control and cohort study

Author

Walker, Alex J., MacKenna, Brian, Inglesby, Peter, Goldacre, Ben, Curtis, Helen J., Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Hickman, George, Croker, Richard, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, DeVito, Nicholas J., Fisher, Louis, Green, Amelia C.A., Massey, Jon, Smith, Rebecca M., Hulme, William J., Davy, Simon, Andrews, Colm D., Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., Dillingham, Iain, Higgins, Rose, Cunningham, Christine, Wiedemann, Milan, Nab, Linda, Maude, Steven, Macdonald, Orla, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., O'Dwyer, Thomas, Stables, Catherine L., Wood, Christopher, Brown, Andrew D., Speed, Victoria, Bridges, Lucy, Schaffer, Andrea L., Walters, Caroline E., Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Zhong, Xiaomin, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Pate, Alexander, Martin, Glen P., Sharma, Anita, Dark, Paul, Felton, Tim, Lake, Claire, Hand, Kieran, Bladon, Sian, Cunningham, Neil, Gilham, Ellie, Brown, Colin S., Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Palin, Victoria, and van Staa, Tjeerd Pieter

Published
2023
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7. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Chaturvedi, Nishi, Park, Chloe, Carnemolla, Alisia, Williams, Dylan, Knueppel, Anika, Boyd, Andy, Turner, Emma L., Evans, Katharine M., Thomas, Richard, Berman, Samantha, McLachlan, Stela, Crane, Matthew, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Oakley, Jacqui, Foster, Diane, Woodward, Hannah, Campbell, Kirsteen C., Timpson, Nicholas, Kwong, Alex, Soares, Ana Goncalves, Griffith, Gareth, Toms, Renin, Jones, Louise, Annie, Herbert, Mitchell, Ruth, Palmer, Tom, Sterne, Jonathan, Walker, Venexia, Huntley, Lizzie, Fox, Laura, Denholm, Rachel, Knight, Rochelle, Northstone, Kate, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Horne, Elsie, Forbes, Harriet, North, Teri, Taylor, Kurt, Arab, Marwa A.L., Walker, Scott, Coronado, Jose I.C., Karthikeyan, Arun S., Ploubidis, George, Moltrecht, Bettina, Booth, Charlotte, Parsons, Sam, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Steves, Claire, Thompson, Ellen, Garcia, Paz, Cheetham, Nathan, Bowyer, Ruth, Freydin, Maxim, Roberts, Amy, Goldacre, Ben, Walker, Alex, Morley, Jess, Hulme, William, Nab, Linda, Fisher, Louis, MacKenna, Brian, Andrews, Colm, Curtis, Helen, Hopcroft, Lisa, Green, Amelia, Patalay, Praveetha, Maddock, Jane, Patel, Kishan, Stafford, Jean, Jacques, Wels, Tilling, Kate, Macleod, John, McElroy, Eoin, Shah, Anoop, Silverwood, Richard, Denaxas, Spiros, Flaig, Robin, McCartney, Daniel, Campbell, Archie, Tomlinson, Laurie, Tazare, John, Zheng, Bang, Smeeth, Liam, Herrett, Emily, Cowling, Thomas, Mansfield, Kate, Costello, Ruth E., Wang, Kevin, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Douglas, Ian, Langan, Sinead, Brophy, Sinead, Parker, Michael, Kennedy, Jonathan, McEachan, Rosie, Wright, John, Willan, Kathryn, Badrick, Ellena, Santorelli, Gillian, Yang, Tiffany, Hou, Bo, Steptoe, Andrew, Giorgio, Di Gessa, Zhu, Jingmin, Zaninotto, Paola, Wood, Angela, Cezard, Genevieve, Ip, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Sampri, Alexia, Rafeti, Elena, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Sheikh, Aziz, Shah, Syed A., Katikireddi, Vittal, Shaw, Richard, Hamilton, Olivia, Green, Michael, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kopasker, Daniel, Greaves, Felix, Willans, Robert, Glen, Fiona, Sharp, Steve, Hughes, Alun, Wong, Andrew, Howes, Lee Hamill, Rapala, Alicja, Nigrelli, Lidia, McArdle, Fintan, Beckford, Chelsea, Raman, Betty, Dobson, Richard, Folarin, Amos, Stewart, Callum, Ranjan, Yatharth, Carpentieri, Jd, Sheard, Laura, Fang, Chao, Baz, Sarah, Gibson, Andy, Kellas, John, Neubauer, Stefan, Piechnik, Stefan, Lukaschuk, Elena, Saunders, Laura C., Wild, James M., Smith, Stephen, Jezzard, Peter, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Finnigan, Lucy, Ferreira, Vanessa, Green, Mark, Rhead, Rebecca, Kibble, Milla, Wei, Yinghui, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Teece, Lucy, Parker, Edward, Walker, Alex J., Inglesby, Peter, Curtis, Helen J., Morton, Caroline E., Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Hickman, George, Croker, Richard, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, DeVito, Nicholas J., Green, Amelia C.A., Massey, Jon, Smith, Rebecca M., Hulme, William J., Davy, Simon, Andrews, Colm D., Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Park, Robin Y., Higgins, Rose, Cunningham, Christine, Wiedemann, Milan, Maude, Steven, Macdonald, Orla, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., O'Dwyer, Thomas, Stables, Catherine L., Wood, Christopher, Brown, Andrew D., Speed, Victoria, Bridges, Lucy, Schaffer, Andrea L., Walters, Caroline E., Rentsch, Christopher T., Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Schultze, Anna, Williamson, Elizabeth J., McDonald, Helen I., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Mathur, Rohini, Eggo, Rosalind M., Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel Y.S., Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel J., Mansfield, Kathryn E., Douglas, Ian J., Evans, Stephen J.W., Walker, Jemma L., Cowling, Thomas E., Herrett, Emily L., Parker, Edward P.K., Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Nicholson, Brian, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan AC., Quint, Jennifer, Henderson, Alasdair D., Carreira, Helena, Bidulka, Patrick, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Hayes, Joseph F., Quint, Jennifer K., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Langan, Sinéad M.

Published
2023
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8. Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England during February 2022: A series of cross-sectional community surveys

Author

Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Tang, David, Eales, Oliver, Bodinier, Barbara, Wang, Haowei, Jonnerby, Jakob, Whitaker, Matthew, Elliott, Joshua, Haw, David, Walters, Caroline E., Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J., Page, Andrew J., Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Donnelly, Christl A., and Elliott, Paul

Published
2022
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10. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in double and triple vaccinated adults and single dose vaccine effectiveness among children in Autumn 2021 in England: REACT-1 study

Author

Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Eales, Oliver, Bodinier, Barbara, Wang, Haowei, Haw, David, Whitaker, Matthew, Elliott, Joshua, Walters, Caroline E., Jonnerby, Jakob, Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J., Page, Andrew J., Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Donnelly, Christl A., and Elliott, Paul

Published
2022
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11. Knowledge Families Hold: Co‐Production and Co‐Research With Mental Health Family Carers in Understanding Experiences During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.

Author

Walters, Caroline, McDonald, Eileen, Sheers, Carli, Hawkins, Kerry, Solich, Hayley, Anderson, JulieAnne, Simic, Nevena, Moore, Danielle, Stevenson, Tony, Lawn, Sharon, Goodyear, Melinda, Maghidman, Marcelo, and Petrakis, Melissa

Subjects
*HEALTH literacy, *MENTAL health services, *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, *MENTAL health, *SUICIDAL ideation, *RESEARCH funding, *SERVICES for caregivers, *POPULATION geography, *COMMUNITIES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *FAMILY attitudes, *SURVEYS, *BURDEN of care, *RESEARCH methodology, *RESEARCH, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, *NEEDS assessment, *COVID-19 pandemic, *CAREGIVER attitudes
Abstract

Background: Through an in‐depth exploration of mental health family carers' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia, this co‐produced study identified recommendations for advocacy, practice and policy implications to uphold family carer wellbeing. Government‐enforced restrictions, changed service availability and difficulties accessing hospitals, led to additional anxiety, depression and elevated distress, especially for people experiencing mental health challenges before the pandemic. The National Mental Health Consumer and Carer Forum alongside two academic researchers aimed to discern the impact of care provision, levels of distress, unmet needs, challenges and benefits of providing support, across geographic locations and diverse communities. Methods: This article reports on the survey component of a co‐designed mixed‐methods exploratory study of family carer experiences. A project steering group worked with two academic researchers, members of SWITCH Research Group, Monash University, to develop the 71‐question online survey across 9‐domains. Results: Family carers were relied upon to provide support and care when mental health services changed or closed. Carers support more than one person and typically people with daily and high‐level needs. Caring levels increased from 26‐h to an average of 40‐h a week of support provision, with changed roles and increased complexity. Heightened demands became stress‐inducing to the point of mental ill health and suicidality for some family carers. Conclusion: Government policy and pandemic responses failed to address the financial, practical or emotional resources needed to fulfil the role of care provision and support to unwell and extremely distressed people with new or ongoing mental and psychological ill‐health. Patient or Public Contribution: From its inception, this project was co‐produced and co‐designed with mental health family carers and service users based on their expertise in understanding their experiences and ways to best explore these to the benefit and wellbeing of families in distress. The academic research partners both have active experience of supporting people with mental health challenges. Through each of the identified phases, lived experience expertise (family carers and service users) co‐designed and co‐facilitated the process. At times leading the process, such as in recruitment strategies, and at other times acting as guides. Guidance was provided by lived experience expertise in reflecting upon the literature review to understand what had been researched internationally and what would be important to understand in Australia. The academic partners advised on the possible processes for data collection, and the lived experience experts decided on the methodology based on that advice. Both the focus group and survey questions were developed and scrutinised from the perspective of the service users and carers in the project team. Difficult conversations were handled with respect, service users within the project team gently addressed areas of enquiry that may suggest stigma or feed into societal stereotypes of people with mental health challenges. Carers were able to consider the wording of questions to still be able to address areas of concern including domestic violence within the family unit and suicide. Dissemination strategies were planned together with the carer and service user representatives being co‐presenters at conferences. The report for submission to the National Mental Health Commission (Australia) was written and reviewed with all partners. A committee of service users and carers, alongside the academic partners, planned the launch of the report in August 2023. The co‐authorship of peer‐reviewed articles has included family carers and service users from the National Mental Health Consumer and Carer Forum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine effectiveness in England (REACT-1): a series of cross-sectional random community surveys

Author

Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Wang, Haowei, Eales, Oliver, Haw, David, Bodinier, Barbara, Whitaker, Matthew, Walters, Caroline E, Ainslie, Kylie E C, Atchison, Christina, Fronterre, Claudio, Diggle, Peter J, Page, Andrew J, Trotter, Alexander J, Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Cooke, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Riley, Steven, Donnelly, Christl A, and Elliott, Paul

Published
2022
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13. Dynamics of a national Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic during January 2022 in England

Author

Elliott, Paul, Eales, Oliver, Bodinier, Barbara, Tang, David, Wang, Haowei, Jonnerby, Jakob, Haw, David, Elliott, Joshua, Whitaker, Matthew, Walters, Caroline E., Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J., Page, Andrew J., Trotter, Alexander J., Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Cooke, Graham S., Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, and Donnelly, Christl A.

Published
2022
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15. Database of epidemic trends and control measures during the first wave of COVID-19 in mainland China

Author

Fu, Han, Wang, Haowei, Xi, Xiaoyue, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Wang, Yuanrong, Hinsley, Wes, Fraser, Keith J., McCabe, Ruth, Olivera Mesa, Daniela, Skarp, Janetta, Ledda, Alice, Dewé, Tamsin, Dighe, Amy, Winskill, Peter, van Elsland, Sabine L., Ainslie, Kylie E.C., Baguelin, Marc, Bhatt, Samir, Boyd, Olivia, Brazeau, Nicholas F., Cattarino, Lorenzo, Charles, Giovanni, Coupland, Helen, Cucunuba, Zulma M., Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Donnelly, Christl A., Dorigatti, Ilaria, Eales, Oliver D., FitzJohn, Richard G., Flaxman, Seth, Gaythorpe, Katy A.M., Ghani, Azra C., Green, William D., Hamlet, Arran, Hauck, Katharina, Haw, David J., Jeffrey, Benjamin, Laydon, Daniel J., Lees, John A., Mellan, Thomas, Mishra, Swapnil, Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Nouvellet, Pierre, Okell, Lucy, Parag, Kris V., Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Riley, Steven, Schmit, Nora, Thompson, Hayley A., Unwin, H.Juliette T., Verity, Robert, Vollmer, Michaela A.C., Volz, Erik, Walker, Patrick G.T., Walters, Caroline E., Watson, Oliver J., Whittaker, Charles, Whittles, Lilith K., Imai, Natsuko, Bhatia, Sangeeta, and Ferguson, Neil M.

Published
2021
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17. Comparison of molecular testing strategies for COVID-19 control: a mathematical modelling study

Author

Ainslie, Kylie, Baguelin, Marc, Bhatt, Samir, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Brazeau, Nick, Cattarino, Lorenzo, Coupland, Helen, Cucunuba, Zulma, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Dighe, Amy, Donnelly, Christl, van Elsland, Sabine L, FitzJohn, Richard, Flaxman, Seth, Fraser, Keith, Gaythorpe, Katy, Green, Will, Hamlet, Arran, Hinsley, Wes, Imai, Natsuko, Knock, Edward, Laydon, Daniel, Mellan, Thomas, Mishra, Swapnil, Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Nouvellet, Pierre, Okell, Lucy, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Thompson, Hayley A, Unwin, H. Juliette T, Vollmer, Michaela, Volz, Erik, Walters, Caroline, Wang, Yuanrong, Watson, Oliver J, Whittaker, Charles, Whittles, Lilith, Xi, Xiaoyue, Grassly, Nicholas C, Pons-Salort, Margarita, Parker, Edward P K, White, Peter J, and Ferguson, Neil M

Published
2020
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18. Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study

Author

Hogan, Alexandra B, Jewell, Britta L, Sherrard-Smith, Ellie, Vesga, Juan F, Watson, Oliver J, Whittaker, Charles, Hamlet, Arran, Smith, Jennifer A, Winskill, Peter, Verity, Robert, Baguelin, Marc, Lees, John A, Whittles, Lilith K, Ainslie, Kylie E C, Bhatt, Samir, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Brazeau, Nicholas F, Cattarino, Lorenzo, Cooper, Laura V, Coupland, Helen, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Dighe, Amy, Djaafara, Bimandra A, Donnelly, Christl A, Eaton, Jeff W, van Elsland, Sabine L, FitzJohn, Richard G, Fu, Han, Gaythorpe, Katy A M, Green, William, Haw, David J, Hayes, Sarah, Hinsley, Wes, Imai, Natsuko, Laydon, Daniel J, Mangal, Tara D, Mellan, Thomas A, Mishra, Swapnil, Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Parag, Kris V, Thompson, Hayley A, Unwin, H Juliette T, Vollmer, Michaela A C, Walters, Caroline E, Wang, Haowei, Wang, Yuanrong, Xi, Xiaoyue, Ferguson, Neil M, Okell, Lucy C, Churcher, Thomas S, Arinaminpathy, Nimalan, Ghani, Azra C, Walker, Patrick G T, and Hallett, Timothy B

Published
2020
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20. OpenSAFELY: A platform for analysing electronic health records designed for reproducible research

Author

Nab, Linda, primary, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Hulme, William, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Curtis, Helen, additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Green, Amelia, additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Hart, Liam, additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Evans, David, additional, Hickman, George, additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Morton, Caroline E., additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Ward, Tom, additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Butler‐Cole, Ben F. C., additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Stokes, Pete, additional, Bates, Chris, additional, Cockburn, Jonny, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, Parry, John, additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Rentsch, Christopher T., additional, Mathur, Rohini, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional, Williamson, Elizabeth J., additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Walker, Alex, additional, Bacon, Sebastian, additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, and Goldacre, Ben, additional

Published
2024
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21. Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission

Author

Nouvellet, Pierre, Bhatia, Sangeeta, Cori, Anne, Ainslie, Kylie E. C., Baguelin, Marc, Bhatt, Samir, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Brazeau, Nicholas F., Cattarino, Lorenzo, Cooper, Laura V., Coupland, Helen, Cucunuba, Zulma M., Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Dighe, Amy, Djaafara, Bimandra A., Dorigatti, Ilaria, Eales, Oliver D., van Elsland, Sabine L., Nascimento, Fabricia F., FitzJohn, Richard G., Gaythorpe, Katy A. M., Geidelberg, Lily, Green, William D., Hamlet, Arran, Hauck, Katharina, Hinsley, Wes, Imai, Natsuko, Jeffrey, Benjamin, Knock, Edward, Laydon, Daniel J., Lees, John A., Mangal, Tara, Mellan, Thomas A., Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Parag, Kris V., Pons-Salort, Margarita, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Riley, Steven, Unwin, H. Juliette T., Verity, Robert, Vollmer, Michaela A. C., Volz, Erik, Walker, Patrick G. T., Walters, Caroline E., Wang, Haowei, Watson, Oliver J., Whittaker, Charles, Whittles, Lilith K., Xi, Xiaoyue, Ferguson, Neil M., and Donnelly, Christl A.

Published
2021
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24. Impact of COVID-19 on recorded blood pressure screening and hypertension management in England: an analysis of monthly changes in the quality and outcomes framework indicators in OpenSAFELY.

Author

Wiedemann, Milan, Speed, Victoria, Cunningham, Christine, Higgins, Rose, Curtis, Helen J., Andrews, Colm, Fisher, Louis, Hopcroft, Lisa, Rentsch, Christopher T., Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Tomlinson, Laurie, Morton, Caroline, Samuel, Miriam, Green, Amelia, Wood, Christopher, Brown, Andrew D., Massey, Jon, Walters, Caroline, Smith, Rebecca M., and Inglesby, Peter

Published
2024
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25. Improving family social and mental wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: the case for deep listening.

Author

Walters, Caroline, Lambert, Caroline, Pankhurst, Joanna, Irving, Sarah, Alvarez, Amaya, and Petrakis, Melissa

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, WELL-being, RECOMMENDER systems, FAMILY health, LISTENING, CAREGIVERS
Abstract

Within mental health systems, families are often poorly integrated into planning and treatment yet tasked with unsustainable care and support responsibilities. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated impacts on families' social and mental wellbeing. This study explores understanding family experiences through a co-operative inquiry methodology with staff who facilitated 26 meetings with over 300 mental health family, carer, and supporter participants. Deeper listening of challenges experienced by families, strengths and creativity in coping and recommendations for system reform have been reflected on through three cycles of inquiry: 1. Sharing experiences, 2. Discerning key messages, and 3. Consensus building towards the final text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Mathematical models for the frequency-dependent transmission of cultural traits

Author

Walters, Caroline Elizabeth

Subjects
301
Abstract

Cultural evolutionary theory is concerned with the social transmission of behaviours, beliefs or ideas that constitute culture. In humans, transmission of culture may be from one generation to the next or between individuals of the same generation. This thesis contains three models for the transmission of cultural traits, subject to frequency-dependent social learning. All models are formulated as a system of differential equations that cannot be solved analytically. By finding the equilibria of the systems and analysing their stability, the long-term behaviour of the systems may be determined. A mathematical model for the spread of drinking behaviour is presented, with a focus on total recovery. The equilibria of the system are found and a local stability analysis is performed. The system is found to have a parameter-dependent threshold at which the two equilibria switch stability. This indicates a change in the long-term system behaviour. Consequently, whether drinking behaviour dies out or becomes endemic may be predicted from the values of the model parameters. The rate at which individuals take up drinking behaviour is found to have the greatest effect on whether it becomes endemic. A model for both the linear and nonlinear frequency-dependent transmission of a cultural trait, with potential applications to binge drinking behaviour, is then investigated. The system equilibria cannot be found explicitly in terms of the model parameters. However, by considering different cases corresponding to regions of parameter space, qualitative differences in the long-term behaviour of the system are determined. By comparing the linear and nonlinear frequency-dependent models, the effect of conformity is determined for different regions of parameter space. Finally, a reaction-diffusion model for two competing languages, u and v, with a focus on language coexistence is presented. Language u is assumed to confer a status advantage to its speakers, thus switching languages is one-directional from v to u. Four constant system equilibria are found and global instability and stability thresholds are found for each solution. The coexistence of languages u and v is found to be globally stable, subject to certain parameter constraints and a sufficiently small initial population of speakers.

Published
2014

29. Discourses of heterosexual female masochism and submission from the 1880s to the present day

Author

Walters, Caroline Jessica and Downing, Lisa

Subjects
306.776, masochism, feminism, discourse, female heterosexuality, pathology, queer theory
Abstract

This thesis offers a critical analysis of psychopathological discourses (sexology, psychoanalysis and psychiatry) and feminist writings that contribute to the construction of representations of heterosexual female masochism and submission. Chapter One examines pseudo-scientific ideas about ‘women’ and ‘masochism’ developed in the works of sexologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing and psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. This chapter provides the necessary historical context with which to understand the Anglo-American iterations of discourses of heterosexual female masochism and submission from the 1970s to the present day, which form the case studies in Chapters Two to Four. Chapter Two complexifies and nuances polarised feminist arguments of the 1970s and ’80s (the so-called ‘Sex Wars’) regarding the political status of heterosexual female masochism and submission. This chapter considers the radical and liberal feminist conceptions of fantasy, sexual orientation and sadomasochism (SM), which are examined in relation to two fictional texts: Jenny Diski’s Nothing Natural and Pat Califia’s Macho Sluts. Chapter Three examines the relationship between self-injury and masochism using Steven Shainberg’s film Secretary as a case study. This chapter explores Secretary’s relation to the generic conventions of romantic comedy; demonstrates how the film borrows from normalising and mainstreaming discourses about SM; and finally shows that it engages implicitly and briefly, with notions of SM as a radical challenge to the prevalent cultural narrative of ‘health and harm’. Chapter Four examines the discursive construction of heterosexual female masochism and submission in contemporary sex blogs. This chapter brings together many of the currents that run through the thesis to highlight specific ways that blogging as a medium affects representations of these phenomena. It also examines ways that bloggers have begun to use the medium as a form of ‘confessional’ to co-opt the gay ‘coming out’ narrative for their own ‘kinky’ ends. The thesis concludes by examining some reasons why the complex political position that heterosexual female masochism and submission occupied when they were first coined in Western modernity persists to the present, postmodern day.

Published
2012

30. Clinical and health inequality risk factors for non-COVID-related sepsis during the global COVID-19 pandemic: a national case-control and cohort study

Author

Zhong, Xiaomin, primary, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, additional, Pate, Alexander, additional, Martin, Glen P., additional, Sharma, Anita, additional, Dark, Paul, additional, Felton, Tim, additional, Lake, Claire, additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Hand, Kieran, additional, Bladon, Sian, additional, Cunningham, Neil, additional, Gilham, Ellie, additional, Brown, Colin S., additional, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, additional, Palin, Victoria, additional, van Staa, Tjeerd Pieter, additional, Walker, Alex J., additional, Curtis, Helen J., additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Hickman, George, additional, Croker, Richard, additional, Evans, David, additional, Ward, Tom, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Green, Amelia C.A., additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Hulme, William J., additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Nab, Linda, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Macdonald, Orla, additional, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Wood, Christopher, additional, Brown, Andrew D., additional, Speed, Victoria, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Cockburn, Jonathan, additional, Parry, John, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, and Harper, Sam, additional

Published
2023
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32. State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States

Author

Unwin, H. Juliette T., Mishra, Swapnil, Bradley, Valerie C., Gandy, Axel, Mellan, Thomas A., Coupland, Helen, Ish-Horowicz, Jonathan, Vollmer, Michaela A. C., Whittaker, Charles, Filippi, Sarah L., Xi, Xiaoyue, Monod, Mélodie, Ratmann, Oliver, Hutchinson, Michael, Valka, Fabian, Zhu, Harrison, Hawryluk, Iwona, Milton, Philip, Ainslie, Kylie E. C., Baguelin, Marc, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Brazeau, Nick F., Cattarino, Lorenzo, Cucunuba, Zulma, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Dorigatti, Ilaria, Eales, Oliver D., Eaton, Jeffrey W., van Elsland, Sabine L., FitzJohn, Richard G., Gaythorpe, Katy A. M., Green, William, Hinsley, Wes, Jeffrey, Benjamin, Knock, Edward, Laydon, Daniel J., Lees, John, Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Nouvellet, Pierre, Okell, Lucy, Parag, Kris V., Siveroni, Igor, Thompson, Hayley A., Walker, Patrick, Walters, Caroline E., Watson, Oliver J., Whittles, Lilith K., Ghani, Azra C., Ferguson, Neil M., Riley, Steven, Donnelly, Christl A., Bhatt, Samir, and Flaxman, Seth

Published
2020
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33. Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions

Author

Dighe, Amy, Cattarino, Lorenzo, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Skarp, Janetta, Imai, Natsuko, Bhatia, Sangeeta, Gaythorpe, Katy A. M., Ainslie, Kylie E. C., Baguelin, Marc, Bhatt, Samir, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Brazeau, Nicholas F., Cooper, Laura V., Coupland, Helen, Cucunuba, Zulma, Dorigatti, Ilaria, Eales, Oliver D., van Elsland, Sabine L., FitzJohn, Richard G., Green, William D., Haw, David J., Hinsley, Wes, Knock, Edward, Laydon, Daniel J., Mellan, Thomas, Mishra, Swapnil, Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Nouvellet, Pierre, Pons-Salort, Margarita, Thompson, Hayley A., Unwin, H. Juliette T., Verity, Robert, Vollmer, Michaela A. C., Walters, Caroline E., Watson, Oliver J., Whittaker, Charles, Whittles, Lilith K., Ghani, Azra C., Donnelly, Christl A., Ferguson, Neil M., and Riley, Steven

Published
2020
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34. Health inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave in England: REACT-1 study

Author

Wang, Haowei, primary, Ainslie, Kylie E. C., additional, Eales, Oliver, additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Haw, David, additional, Atchinson, Christina, additional, Fronterre, Claudio, additional, Diggle, Peter J., additional, Ashby, Deborah, additional, Cooke, Graham, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Ward, Helen, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, Donnelly, Christl A, additional, Elliott, Paul, additional, and Riley, Steven, additional

Published
2023
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35. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Costello, Ruth E., primary, Tazare, John, additional, Piehlmaier, Dominik, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, Parker, Edward P.K., additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn E., additional, Henderson, Alasdair D., additional, Carreira, Helena, additional, Bidulka, Patrick, additional, Wong, Angel Y.S., additional, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, additional, Hayes, Joseph F., additional, Quint, Jennifer K., additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Eggo, Rosalind M., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie, additional, Langan, Sinéad M., additional, Mathur, Rohini, additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Park, Chloe, additional, Carnemolla, Alisia, additional, Williams, Dylan, additional, Knueppel, Anika, additional, Boyd, Andy, additional, Turner, Emma L., additional, Evans, Katharine M., additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, Berman, Samantha, additional, McLachlan, Stela, additional, Crane, Matthew, additional, Whitehorn, Rebecca, additional, Oakley, Jacqui, additional, Foster, Diane, additional, Woodward, Hannah, additional, Campbell, Kirsteen C., additional, Timpson, Nicholas, additional, Kwong, Alex, additional, Soares, Ana Goncalves, additional, Griffith, Gareth, additional, Toms, Renin, additional, Jones, Louise, additional, Annie, Herbert, additional, Mitchell, Ruth, additional, Palmer, Tom, additional, Sterne, Jonathan, additional, Walker, Venexia, additional, Huntley, Lizzie, additional, Fox, Laura, additional, Denholm, Rachel, additional, Knight, Rochelle, additional, Northstone, Kate, additional, Kanagaratnam, Arun, additional, Horne, Elsie, additional, Forbes, Harriet, additional, North, Teri, additional, Taylor, Kurt, additional, Arab, Marwa A.L., additional, Walker, Scott, additional, Coronado, Jose I.C., additional, Karthikeyan, Arun S., additional, Ploubidis, George, additional, Moltrecht, Bettina, additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Parsons, Sam, additional, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, additional, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, additional, Steves, Claire, additional, Thompson, Ellen, additional, Garcia, Paz, additional, Cheetham, Nathan, additional, Bowyer, Ruth, additional, Freydin, Maxim, additional, Roberts, Amy, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Walker, Alex, additional, Morley, Jess, additional, Hulme, William, additional, Nab, Linda, additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Andrews, Colm, additional, Curtis, Helen, additional, Hopcroft, Lisa, additional, Green, Amelia, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Patel, Kishan, additional, Stafford, Jean, additional, Jacques, Wels, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Macleod, John, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Shah, Anoop, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Denaxas, Spiros, additional, Flaig, Robin, additional, McCartney, Daniel, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Cowling, Thomas, additional, Mansfield, Kate, additional, Costello, Ruth E., additional, Wang, Kevin, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Douglas, Ian, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, Brophy, Sinead, additional, Parker, Michael, additional, Kennedy, Jonathan, additional, McEachan, Rosie, additional, Wright, John, additional, Willan, Kathryn, additional, Badrick, Ellena, additional, Santorelli, Gillian, additional, Yang, Tiffany, additional, Hou, Bo, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Giorgio, Di Gessa, additional, Zhu, Jingmin, additional, Zaninotto, Paola, additional, Wood, Angela, additional, Cezard, Genevieve, additional, Ip, Samantha, additional, Bolton, Tom, additional, Sampri, Alexia, additional, Rafeti, Elena, additional, Almaghrabi, Fatima, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shah, Syed A., additional, Katikireddi, Vittal, additional, Shaw, Richard, additional, Hamilton, Olivia, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Kromydas, Theocharis, additional, Kopasker, Daniel, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Willans, Robert, additional, Glen, Fiona, additional, Sharp, Steve, additional, Hughes, Alun, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Howes, Lee Hamill, additional, Rapala, Alicja, additional, Nigrelli, Lidia, additional, McArdle, Fintan, additional, Beckford, Chelsea, additional, Raman, Betty, additional, Dobson, Richard, additional, Folarin, Amos, additional, Stewart, Callum, additional, Ranjan, Yatharth, additional, Carpentieri, Jd, additional, Sheard, Laura, additional, Fang, Chao, additional, Baz, Sarah, additional, Gibson, Andy, additional, Kellas, John, additional, Neubauer, Stefan, additional, Piechnik, Stefan, additional, Lukaschuk, Elena, additional, Saunders, Laura C., additional, Wild, James M., additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Jezzard, Peter, additional, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, additional, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, additional, Finnigan, Lucy, additional, Ferreira, Vanessa, additional, Green, Mark, additional, Rhead, Rebecca, additional, Kibble, Milla, additional, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Lemanska, Agnieszka, additional, Perez-Reche, Francisco, additional, Teece, Lucy, additional, Parker, Edward, additional, Walker, Alex J., additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Curtis, Helen J., additional, Morton, Caroline E., additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., additional, Hickman, George, additional, Croker, Richard, additional, Evans, David, additional, Ward, Tom, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Green, Amelia C.A., additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Hulme, William J., additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., additional, Drysdale, Henry, additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Park, Robin Y., additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Macdonald, Orla, additional, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Wood, Christopher, additional, Brown, Andrew D., additional, Speed, Victoria, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Rentsch, Christopher T., additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth J., additional, McDonald, Helen I., additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, Grieve, Richard, additional, Grint, Daniel J., additional, Douglas, Ian J., additional, Evans, Stephen J.W., additional, Walker, Jemma L., additional, Cowling, Thomas E., additional, Herrett, Emily L., additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Cockburn, Jonathan, additional, Parry, John, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, Harper, Sam, additional, O'Hanlon, Shaun, additional, Eavis, Alex, additional, Jarvis, Richard, additional, Avramov, Dima, additional, Griffiths, Paul, additional, Fowles, Aaron, additional, Parkes, Nasreen, additional, Nicholson, Brian, additional, Perera, Rafael, additional, Harrison, David, additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, Sterne, Jonathan AC., additional, and Quint, Jennifer, additional

Published
2023
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40. Trends in SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence during England’s roadmap out of lockdown, January to July 2021

Author

Eales, Oliver, primary, Wang, Haowei, additional, Haw, David, additional, Ainslie, Kylie E. C., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Atchison, Christina, additional, Cooke, Graham, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Ward, Helen, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, Ashby, Deborah, additional, Donnelly, Christl A., additional, Elliott, Paul, additional, and Riley, Steven, additional

Published
2022
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43. Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe

Author

Flaxman, Seth, Mishra, Swapnil, Gandy, Axel, Unwin, H. Juliette T., Mellan, Thomas A., Coupland, Helen, Whittaker, Charles, Zhu, Harrison, Berah, Tresnia, Eaton, Jeffrey W., Monod, Mélodie, Perez-Guzman, Pablo N., Schmit, Nora, Cilloni, Lucia, Ainslie, Kylie E. C., Baguelin, Marc, Boonyasiri, Adhiratha, Boyd, Olivia, Cattarino, Lorenzo, Cooper, Laura V., Cucunubá, Zulma, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Dighe, Amy, Djaafara, Bimandra, Dorigatti, Ilaria, van Elsland, Sabine L., FitzJohn, Richard G., Gaythorpe, Katy A. M., Geidelberg, Lily, Grassly, Nicholas C., Green, William D., Hallett, Timothy, Hamlet, Arran, Hinsley, Wes, Jeffrey, Ben, Knock, Edward, Laydon, Daniel J., Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma, Nouvellet, Pierre, Parag, Kris V., Siveroni, Igor, Thompson, Hayley A., Verity, Robert, Volz, Erik, Walters, Caroline E., Wang, Haowei, Wang, Yuanrong, Watson, Oliver J., Winskill, Peter, Xi, Xiaoyue, Walker, Patrick G. T., Ghani, Azra C., Donnelly, Christl A., Riley, Steven, Vollmer, Michaela A. C., Ferguson, Neil M., Okell, Lucy C., Bhatt, Samir, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, General Science & Technology, Population, Pooling, Psychological intervention, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Case fatality rate, Pandemic, Epidemiology, Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, education.field_of_study, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Multidisciplinary Sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Transmission (mechanics), Science & Technology - Other Topics, business, Basic reproduction number, Demography
Abstract

Following the detection of the new coronavirus1 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread outside of China, Europe has experienced large epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In response, many European countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as the closure of schools and national lockdowns. Here we study the effect of major interventions across 11 European countries for the period from the start of the COVID-19 epidemics in February 2020 until 4 May 2020, when lockdowns started to be lifted. Our model calculates backwards from observed deaths to estimate transmission that occurred several weeks previously, allowing for the time lag between infection and death. We use partial pooling of information between countries, with both individual and shared effects on the time-varying reproduction number (Rt). Pooling allows for more information to be used, helps to overcome idiosyncrasies in the data and enables more-timely estimates. Our model relies on fixed estimates of some epidemiological parameters (such as the infection fatality rate), does not include importation or subnational variation and assumes that changes in Rt are an immediate response to interventions rather than gradual changes in behaviour. Amidst the ongoing pandemic, we rely on death data that are incomplete, show systematic biases in reporting and are subject to future consolidation. We estimate that-for all of the countries we consider here-current interventions have been sufficient to drive Rt below 1 (probability Rt

Published
2020
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44. Rapid increase in Omicron infections in England during December 2021:REACT-1 study

Author

Elliott, Paul, Bodinier, Barbara, Eales, Oliver, Wang, Haowei, Haw, David, Elliott, Joshua, Whitaker, Matthew, Jonnerby, Jakob, Tang, David, Walters, Caroline E, Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J, Page, Andrew J, Trotter, Alexander J, Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Cooke, Graham S, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Donnelly, Christl A, Elliott, Paul, Bodinier, Barbara, Eales, Oliver, Wang, Haowei, Haw, David, Elliott, Joshua, Whitaker, Matthew, Jonnerby, Jakob, Tang, David, Walters, Caroline E, Atchison, Christina, Diggle, Peter J, Page, Andrew J, Trotter, Alexander J, Ashby, Deborah, Barclay, Wendy, Taylor, Graham, Ward, Helen, Darzi, Ara, Cooke, Graham S, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, and Donnelly, Christl A

Abstract

The unprecedented rise in SARS-CoV-2 infections during December 2021 was concurrent with rapid spread of the Omicron variant in England and globally. We analyzed prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and its dynamics in England from end November to mid-December 2021 among almost 100,000 participants from the REACT-1 study. Prevalence was high with rapid growth nationally and particularly in London during December 2021, and an increasing proportion of infections due to Omicron. We observed large falls in swab positivity among mostly vaccinated older children (12-17 years) compared with unvaccinated younger children (5-11 years), and in adults who received a third (booster) vaccine dose vs. two doses. Our results reinforce the importance of vaccination and booster campaigns, although additional measures have been needed to control the rapid growth of the Omicron variant.

Published
2022

45. Rapid increase in Omicron infections in England during December 2021: REACT-1 study

Author

Elliott, Paul, primary, Bodinier, Barbara, additional, Eales, Oliver, additional, Wang, Haowei, additional, Haw, David, additional, Elliott, Joshua, additional, Whitaker, Matthew, additional, Jonnerby, Jakob, additional, Tang, David, additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Atchison, Christina, additional, Diggle, Peter J., additional, Page, Andrew J., additional, Trotter, Alexander J., additional, Ashby, Deborah, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Taylor, Graham, additional, Ward, Helen, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, Cooke, Graham S., additional, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, additional, and Donnelly, Christl A., additional

Published
2022
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46. The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England during February 2022

Author

Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, primary, Tang, David, additional, Eales, Oliver, additional, Bodinier, Barbara, additional, Wang, Haowei, additional, Jonnerby, Jakob, additional, Whitaker, Matthew, additional, Elliott, Joshua, additional, Haw, David, additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Atchinson, Christina, additional, Diggle, Peter J., additional, Page, Andrew J., additional, Ashby, Deborah, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Taylor, Graham, additional, Cooke, Graham, additional, Ward, Helen, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, Donnelly, Christl A, additional, and Elliott, Paul, additional

Published
2022
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48. Mental Health Family Carer Experiences during COVID-19: A Rapid Scoping Review of the International Literature.

Author

Walters, Caroline and Petrakis, Melissa

Subjects
CAREGIVER attitudes, PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, CINAHL database, PROFESSIONAL practice, SOCIAL support, SYSTEMATIC reviews, RESEARCH funding, DATA analysis software, SOCIAL services, COVID-19 pandemic, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, HEALTH self-care
Abstract

Internationally, people experiencing mental health challenges and psychosocial distress faced service disruptions, increased uncertainties and isolation, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health family carers in turn experienced high levels of demand to fill gaps in service responses within a context of fear and uncertainty. A scoping narrative review methodology was undertaken to account for the varying methodologies of studies and the recency of the COVID-19 pandemic. Six databases were searched : Proquest, Ovid, Psych Info, CINAHL, Scopus, WHO COVID-19 database in January 2022. A total of 147 articles were identified, with 19 included in the final review. Findings revealed few studies focused on the experiences of mental health family carers during the pandemic. Studies that elevated mental health family voices identified they were more likely to provide emotional support than other carers, and less likely to receive government income support. Higher distress was present in family carers who lived with people with low independence, supported more than one person and provided higher levels of care. Family carers experienced concerns about—family members becoming infected during hospitalisations, accessing services, inappropriate and early discharges, care provision if family carers became unwell and the need for targeted responses and quality for online services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. Post-peak dynamics of a national Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic during January 2022

Author

Elliott, Paul, primary, Eales, Oliver, additional, Bodinier, Barbara, additional, Tang, David, additional, Wang, Haowei, additional, Jonnerby, Jakob, additional, Haw, David, additional, Elliott, Joshua, additional, Whitaker, Matthew, additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Atchison, Christina, additional, Diggle, Peter J., additional, Page, Andrew J., additional, Trotter, Alexander J., additional, Ashby, Deborah, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Taylor, Graham, additional, Ward, Helen, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, Cooke, Graham S., additional, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, additional, and Donnelly, Christl A., additional

Published
2022
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50. Appropriately smoothing prevalence data to inform estimates of growth rate and reproduction number

Author

Eales, Oliver, primary, Ainslie, Kylie E. C., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Wang, Haowei, additional, Atchison, Christina, additional, Ashby, Deborah, additional, Donnelly, Christl A., additional, Cooke, Graham, additional, Barclay, Wendy, additional, Ward, Helen, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, Elliott, Paul, additional, and Riley, Steven, additional

Published
2022
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