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1. Galaxy bias in the era of LSST: perturbative bias expansions

Author

Nicola, Andrina, Hadzhiyska, Boryana, Findlay, Nathan, García-García, Carlos, Alonso, David, Slosar, Anže, Guo, Zhiyuan, Kokron, Nickolas, Angulo, Raúl, Aviles, Alejandro, Blazek, Jonathan, Dunkley, Jo, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Pellejero, Marcos, Sullivan, James, Walter, Christopher W., and Zennaro, Matteo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Upcoming imaging surveys will allow for high signal-to-noise measurements of galaxy clustering at small scales. In this work, we present the results of the LSST bias challenge, the goal of which is to compare the performance of different nonlinear galaxy bias models in the context of LSST Y10 data. Specifically, we compare two perturbative approaches, Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) and Eulerian PT (EPT) to two variants of Hybrid Effective Field Theory (HEFT), with our fiducial implementation of these models including terms up to second order in the bias expansion as well as nonlocal bias and deviations from Poissonian stochasticity. We consider different simulated galaxy samples and test the performance of the bias models in a tomographic joint analysis of LSST-Y10-like galaxy clustering, galaxy-galaxy-lensing and cosmic shear. We find both HEFT methods as well as LPT and EPT combined with non-perturbative predictions for the matter power spectrum to yield unbiased constraints on cosmological parameters up to at least a maximal scale of $k_{\mathrm{max}}=0.4 \; \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ for all samples considered, even in the presence of assembly bias. While we find that we can reduce the complexity of the bias model for HEFT without compromising fit accuracy, this is not generally the case for the perturbative models. We find significant detections of non-Poissonian stochasticity in all cases considered, and our analysis shows evidence that small-scale galaxy clustering predominantly improves constraints on galaxy bias rather than cosmological parameters. These results therefore suggest that the systematic uncertainties associated with current nonlinear bias models are likely to be subdominant compared to other sources of error for tomographic analyses of upcoming photometric surveys, which bodes well for future galaxy clustering analyses using these high signal-to-noise data. [abridged], Comment: 47 pages, 19 figures, 1 table, to be submitted to JCAP

Published
2023

3. Simulating image coaddition with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope: II. Analysis of the simulated images and implications for weak lensing

Author

Yamamoto, Masaya, Laliotis, Katherine, Macbeth, Emily, Zhang, Tianqing, Hirata, Christopher M., Troxel, M. A., Cao, Kaili, Choi, Ami, Givans, Jahmour, Heitmann, Katrin, Ishak, Mustapha, Jarvis, Mike, Kovacs, Eve, Long, Heyang, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Park, Andy, Porredon, Anna, Walter, Christopher W., and Wood-Vasey, W. Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

One challenge for applying current weak lensing analysis tools to the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is that individual images will be undersampled. Our companion paper presented an initial application of Imcom - an algorithm that builds an optimal mapping from input to output pixels to reconstruct a fully sampled combined image - on the Roman image simulations. In this paper, we measure the output noise power spectra, identify the sources of the major features in the power spectra, and show that simple analytic models that ignore sampling effects underestimate the power spectra of the coadded noise images. We compute the moments of both idealized injected stars and fully simulated stars in the coadded images, and their 1- and 2-point statistics. We show that the idealized injected stars have root-mean-square ellipticity errors (1 - 6) x 10-4 per component depending on the band; the correlation functions are >= 2 orders of magnitude below requirements, indicating that the image combination step itself is using a small fraction of the overall Roman 2nd moment error budget, although the 4th moments are larger and warrant further investigation. The stars in the simulated sky images, which include blending and chromaticity effects, have correlation functions near the requirement level (and below the requirement level in a wide-band image constructed by stacking all 4 filters). We evaluate the noise-induced biases in the ellipticities of injected stars, and explain the resulting trends with an analytical model. We conclude by enumerating the next steps in developing an image coaddition pipeline for Roman., Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to MNRAS

Published
2023

4. Simulating image coaddition with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope: I. Simulation methodology and general results

Author

Hirata, Christopher M., Yamamoto, Masaya, Laliotis, Katherine, Macbeth, Emily, Troxel, M. A., Zhang, Tianqing, Cao, Kaili, Choi, Ami, Givans, Jahmour, Heitmann, Katrin, Ishak, Mustapha, Jarvis, Mike, Kovacs, Eve, Long, Heyang, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Park, Andy, Porredon, Anna, Walter, Christopher W., and Wood-Vasey, W. Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will carry out a wide-area survey in the near infrared. A key science objective is the measurement of cosmic structure via weak gravitational lensing. Roman data will be undersampled, which introduces new challenges in the measurement of source galaxy shapes; a potential solution is to use linear algebra-based coaddition techniques such as Imcom that combine multiple undersampled images to produce a single oversampled output mosaic with a desired "target" point spread function (PSF). We present here an initial application of Imcom to 0.64 square degrees of simulated Roman data, based on the Roman branch of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Data Challenge 2 (DC2) simulation. We show that Imcom runs successfully on simulated data that includes features such as plate scale distortions, chip gaps, detector defects, and cosmic ray masks. We simultaneously propagate grids of injected sources and simulated noise fields as well as the full simulation. We quantify the residual deviations of the PSF from the target (the "leakage"), as well as noise properties of the output images; we discuss how the overall tiling pattern as well as Moir\'e patterns appear in the final leakage and noise maps. We include appendices on interpolation algorithms and the interaction of undersampling with image processing operations that may be of broader applicability. The companion paper ("Paper II") explores the implications for weak lensing analyses., Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures, matches version accepted by MNRAS

Published
2023

5. A Unified Catalog-level Reanalysis of Stage-III Cosmic Shear Surveys

Author

Longley, Emily P., Chang, Chihway, Walter, Christopher W., Zuntz, Joe, Ishak, Mustapha, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Miyatake, Hironao, Nicola, Andrina, Pedersen, Eske M., Pereira, Maria E. S., Prat, Judit, Sánchez, J., Tröster, Tilman, Troxel, Michael, Wright, Angus, and Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmological parameter constraints from recent galaxy imaging surveys are reaching $2-3\%$-level accuracy. The upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will produce sub-percent level measurements of cosmological parameters, providing a milestone test of the $\Lambda$CDM model. To supply guidance to the upcoming LSST analysis, it is important to understand thoroughly the results from different recent galaxy imaging surveys and assess their consistencies. In this work we perform a unified catalog-level reanalysis of three cosmic shear datasets: the first year data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1), the 1,000 deg$^{2}$ dataset from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000), and the first year data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-Y1). We utilize a pipeline developed and rigorously tested by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration to perform the reanalysis and assess the robustness of the results to analysis choices. We find the $S_{8}$ constraint to be robust to two different small-scale modeling approaches, and varying choices of cosmological priors. Our unified analysis allows the consistency of the surveys to be rigorously tested and we find the three surveys to be statistically consistent. Due to the partially overlapping footprint, we model the cross-covariance between KiDS-1000 and HSC-Y1 approximately when combining all three datasets, resulting in a $1.6-1.9\%$ constraint on $S_8$ given different assumptions on the cross-covariance., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures, to be submitted to MNRAS

Published
2022
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8. DESC DC2 Data Release Note

Author

LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration, Abolfathi, Bela, Armstrong, Robert, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N., Bauer, Franz Erik, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R., Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Connolly, Andrew J., Daniel, Scott F., Digel, Seth W., Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P., Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W., Kalmbach, J. Bryce, Kelly, Heather M., Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K. Simon, Lage, Craig S., Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E., Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rykoff, Eli S., Sánchez, F. Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J., Uram, Thomas D., Villarreal, Antonia, Walter, Christopher W., Wiesner, Matthew P., and Wood-Vasey, W. Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

In preparation for cosmological analyses of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC) has created a 300 deg$^2$ simulated survey as part of an effort called Data Challenge 2 (DC2). The DC2 simulated sky survey, in six optical bands with observations following a reference LSST observing cadence, was processed with the LSST Science Pipelines (19.0.0). In this Note, we describe the public data release of the resulting object catalogs for the coadded images of five years of simulated observations along with associated truth catalogs. We include a brief description of the major features of the available data sets. To enable convenient access to the data products, we have developed a web portal connected to Globus data services. We describe how to access the data and provide example Jupyter Notebooks in Python to aid first interactions with the data. We welcome feedback and questions about the data release via a GitHub repository., Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures; 9 tables. A detailed changelog can be found in Appendix A. To obtain data, visit the DESC Data Portal at https://data.lsstdesc.org/

Published
2021

9. The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

Author

LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration, Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N., Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R., Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J., Daniel, Scott F., Digel, Seth W., Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P., Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W., Kahn, Steven M., Kalmbach, J. Bryce, Kelly, Heather M., Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K. Simon, Lage, Craig S., Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Guillou, Laurent Le, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E., Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B., Nomerotski, Andrei, O'Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J., Rykoff, Eli S., Sánchez, F. Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J., Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W., Tyson, J. Anthony, Uram, Thomas D., Villarreal, Antonia, Walter, Christopher W., Wiesner, Matthew P., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, and Zuntz, Joe

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep (WFD) area of approximately 300 deg^2 as well as a deep drilling field (DDF) of approximately 1 deg^2. We simulate 5 years of the planned 10-year survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the dataset to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic testbed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time-domain cosmology., Comment: 39 pages, 19 figures, version accepted for publication in ApJS

Published
2020
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10. The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

Author

Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N, Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R, Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J, Daniel, Scott F, Digel, Seth W, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P, Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W, Kahn, Steven M, Kalmbach, J Bryce, Kelly, Heather M, Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K Simon, Lage, Craig S, Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Le Guillou, Laurent, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E, Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B, Nomerotski, Andrei, O’Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J, Rykoff, Eli S, Sánchez, F Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J, Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W, Tyson, J Anthony, Uram, Thomas D, Villarreal, Antonio, Walter, Christopher W, Wiesner, Matthew P, Wood-Vasey, W Michael, and Zuntz, Joe

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Cosmology, N-body simulations, Sky surveys, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences
Abstract

We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg2, as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg2. We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic test bed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time domain cosmology.

Published
2021

12. Dark Matter Science in the Era of LSST

Author

Bechtol, Keith, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Abazajian, Kevork N., Abidi, Muntazir, Adhikari, Susmita, Ali-Haïmoud, Yacine, Annis, James, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Armstrong, Robert, Asorey, Jacobo, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Banerjee, Arka, Banik, Nilanjan, Bennett, Charles, Beutler, Florian, Bird, Simeon, Birrer, Simon, Biswas, Rahul, Biviano, Andrea, Blazek, Jonathan, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bonaca, Ana, Borrill, Julian, Bose, Sownak, Bovy, Jo, Frye, Brenda, Brooks, Alyson M., Buckley, Matthew R., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Bulbul, Esra, Burchat, Patricia R., Burgess, Cliff, Calore, Francesca, Caputo, Regina, Castorina, Emanuele, Chang, Chihway, Chapline, George, Charles, Eric, Chen, Xingang, Clowe, Douglas, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Comparat, Johan, Croft, Rupert A. C., Cuoco, Alessandro, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, D'Amico, Guido, Davis, Tamara M, Dawson, William A., de la Macorra, Axel, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Rivero, Ana Díaz, Digel, Seth, Dodelson, Scott, Doré, Olivier, Dvorkin, Cora, Eckner, Christopher, Ellison, John, Erkal, Denis, Farahi, Arya, Fassnacht, Christopher D., Ferreira, Pedro G., Flaugher, Brenna, Foreman, Simon, Friedrich, Oliver, Frieman, Joshua, García-Bellido, Juan, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Giannotti, Maurizio, Gill, Mandeep S. S., Gluscevic, Vera, Golovich, Nathan, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, González-Morales, Alma X., Grin, Daniel, Gruen, Daniel, Hearin, Andrew P., Hendel, David, Hezaveh, Yashar D., Hirata, Christopher M., Hložek, Renee, Horiuchi, Shunsaku, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jee, M. James, Jeltema, Tesla E., Kamionkowski, Marc, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Keeley, Ryan E., Keeton, Charles R., Khatri, Rishi, Koposov, Sergey E., Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kovetz, Ely D., Lahav, Ofer, Lam, Casey, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Li, Ting S., Liguori, Michele, Lin, Tongyan, Lisanti, Mariangela, LoVerde, Marilena, Lu, Jessica R., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, McDermott, Samuel D., McNanna, Mitch, Medford, Michael, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyer, Manuel, Mirbabayi, Mehrdad, Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth, Marc, Moniez, More, Surhud, Moustakas, John, Muñoz, Julian B., Murgia, Simona, Myers, Adam D., Nadler, Ethan O., Necib, Lina, Newburgh, Laura, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nord, Brian, Nourbakhsh, Erfan, Nuss, Eric, O'Connor, Paul, Pace, Andrew B., Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Palmese, Antonella, Peiris, Hiranya V., Peter, Annika H. G., Piacentni, Francesco, Piacentini, Francesco, Plazas, Andrés, Polin, Daniel A., Prakash, Abhishek, Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda, Read, Justin I., Ritz, Steven, Robertson, Brant E., Rose, Benjamin, Rosenfeld, Rogerio, Rossi, Graziano, Samushia, Lado, Sánchez, Javier, Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A., Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Senatore, Leonardo, Seo, Hee-Jong, Shafieloo, Arman, Shan, Huanyuan, Shipp, Nora, Simon, Joshua D., Simon, Sara, Slatyer, Tracy R., Slosar, Anže, Sridhar, Srivatsan, Stebbins, Albert, Straniero, Oscar, Strigari, Louis E., Tait, Tim M. P., Tollerud, Erik, Troxel, M. A., Tyson, J. Anthony, Uhlemann, Cora, Urenña-López, L. Arturo, Verma, Aprajita, Vilalta, Ricardo, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Mei-Yu, Watson, Scott, Wechsler, Risa H., Wittman, David, Xu, Weishuang, Yanny, Brian, Young, Sam, Yu, Hai-Bo, Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Zentner, Andrew R., and Zuntz, Joe

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Astrophysical observations currently provide the only robust, empirical measurements of dark matter. In the coming decade, astrophysical observations will guide other experimental efforts, while simultaneously probing unique regions of dark matter parameter space. This white paper summarizes astrophysical observations that can constrain the fundamental physics of dark matter in the era of LSST. We describe how astrophysical observations will inform our understanding of the fundamental properties of dark matter, such as particle mass, self-interaction strength, non-gravitational interactions with the Standard Model, and compact object abundances. Additionally, we highlight theoretical work and experimental/observational facilities that will complement LSST to strengthen our understanding of the fundamental characteristics of dark matter., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, Science Whitepaper for Astro 2020, more information at https://lsstdarkmatter.github.io

Published
2019

13. Probing the Fundamental Nature of Dark Matter with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

Author

Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Adhikari, Susmita, Armstrong, Robert, Banerjee, Arka, Banik, Nilanjan, Bechtol, Keith, Bird, Simeon, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bonaca, Ana, Bovy, Jo, Buckley, Matthew R., Bulbul, Esra, Chang, Chihway, Chapline, George, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cuoco, Alessandro, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Dawson, William A., Rivero, Ana Díaz, Dvorkin, Cora, Erkal, Denis, Fassnacht, Christopher D., García-Bellido, Juan, Giannotti, Maurizio, Gluscevic, Vera, Golovich, Nathan, Hendel, David, Hezaveh, Yashar D., Horiuchi, Shunsaku, Jee, M. James, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Keeton, Charles R., Koposov, Sergey E., Lam, Casey Y., Li, Ting S., Lu, Jessica R., Mandelbaum, Rachel, McDermott, Samuel D., McNanna, Mitch, Medford, Michael, Meyer, Manuel, Marc, Moniez, Murgia, Simona, Nadler, Ethan O., Necib, Lina, Nuss, Eric, Pace, Andrew B., Peter, Annika H. G., Polin, Daniel A., Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda, Read, Justin I., Rosenfeld, Rogerio, Shipp, Nora, Simon, Joshua D., Slatyer, Tracy R., Straniero, Oscar, Strigari, Louis E., Tollerud, Erik, Tyson, J. Anthony, Wang, Mei-Yu, Wechsler, Risa H., Wittman, David, Yu, Hai-Bo, Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Ali-Haïmoud, Yacine, Annis, James, Birrer, Simon, Biswas, Rahul, Blazek, Jonathan, Brooks, Alyson M., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Caputo, Regina, Charles, Eric, Digel, Seth, Dodelson, Scott, Flaugher, Brenna, Frieman, Joshua, Gawiser, Eric, Hearin, Andrew P., Hložek, Renee, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeltema, Tesla E., Koushiappas, Savvas M., Lisanti, Mariangela, LoVerde, Marilena, Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nord, Brian, Nourbakhsh, Erfan, Ritz, Steven, Robertson, Brant E., Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A., Slosar, Anže, Tait, Tim M. P., Verma, Aprajita, Vilalta, Ricardo, Walter, Christopher W., Yanny, Brian, and Zentner, Andrew R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Astrophysical and cosmological observations currently provide the only robust, empirical measurements of dark matter. Future observations with Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will provide necessary guidance for the experimental dark matter program. This white paper represents a community effort to summarize the science case for studying the fundamental physics of dark matter with LSST. We discuss how LSST will inform our understanding of the fundamental properties of dark matter, such as particle mass, self-interaction strength, non-gravitational couplings to the Standard Model, and compact object abundances. Additionally, we discuss the ways that LSST will complement other experiments to strengthen our understanding of the fundamental characteristics of dark matter. More information on the LSST dark matter effort can be found at https://lsstdarkmatter.github.io/ ., Comment: 96 pages, 22 figures, 1 table

Published
2019

14. LSST Target of Opportunity proposal for locating a core collapse supernova in our galaxy triggered by a neutrino supernova alert

Author

Walter, Christopher W., Scolnic, Daniel M., and Slosar, Anže

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A few times a century, a core collapse supernova (CCSN) occurs in our galaxy. When such galactic CCSNe happen, over 99\% of its gravitational binding energy is released in the form of neutrinos. Over a period of tens of seconds, a powerful neutrino flux is emitted from the collapsing star. When the exploding shock wave finally reaches the surface of the star, optical photons escaping the expanding stellar envelope leave the star and eventually arrive at Earth as a visible brightening. Crucially, although the neutrino signal is prompt, the time to the shock wave breakout can be minutes to many hours later. This means that the neutrino signal will serve as an alert, warning the optical astronomy community the light from the explosion is coming. Quickly identifying the location of the supernova on the sky and disseminating it to the all available ground and spaced-based instruments will be critical to learn as much as possible about the event. Some neutrino experiments can report pointing information for these galactic CCSNe. In particular, the Super-Kamiokande experiment can point to a few degrees for CCSNe near the center of our galaxy. A CCSN located 10 kpc from Earth is expected to result in a pointing resolution on the order of 3 degrees. LSST's field of view (FOV) is well matched to this initial search box. LSSTs depth is also uniquely suited for identifying CCSNe even if they fail or are obscured by the dust of the galactic plane. This is a proposal to, upon receipt of such an alert, prioritize the use of LSST for a full day of observing to continuously monitor a pre-identified region of sky and, by using difference imaging, identify and announce the location of the supernova., Comment: 16 pages and 4 figures. Submitted in response to a call for white papers on LSST cadence optimization

Published
2019

15. Differences in Habitual and Maximal Gait Velocity Across Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Examination.

Author

Paulson, Sally, Gills, Joshua L., Campitelli, Anthony, Jones, Megan D., Sanders, Joohee I., Glenn, Jordan M., Madero, Erica N., Vincenzo, Jennifer L., Walter, Christopher S., and Gray, Michelle

Subjects
WALKING speed, AGE distribution, CROSS-sectional method, GAIT in humans, TASK performance, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DIAGNOSIS, RESEARCH funding
Abstract

Prior work, primarily focusing on habitual gait velocity, has demonstrated a cost while walking when coupled with a cognitive task. The cost of dual-task walking is exacerbated with age and complexity of the cognitive or motor task. However, few studies have examined the dual-task cost associated with maximal gait velocity. Thus, this cross-sectional study examined age-related changes in dual-task (serial subtraction) walking at two velocities. Participants were classified by age: young-old (45–64 years), middle-old (65–79 years), and oldest-old (≥80 years). They completed single- and dual-task walking trials for each velocity: habitual (N = 217) and maximal (N = 194). While no significant Group × Condition interactions existed for habitual or maximal gait velocities, the main effects for both condition and age groups were significant (p <.01). Maximal dual-task cost (p =.01) was significantly greater in the oldest-old group. With age, both dual-task velocities decreased. Maximal dual-task cost was greatest for the oldest-old group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. High fidelity point-spread function retrieval in the presence of electrostatic, hysteretic pixel response

Author

Rasmussen, Andrew, Guyonnet, Augustin, Lage, Craig, Antilogus, Pierre, Astier, Pierre, Doherty, Peter, Gilmore, Kirk, Kotov, Ivan, Lupton, Robert, Nomerotski, Andrei, O'Connor, Paul, Stubbs, Christopher, Tyson, Anthony, and Walter, Christopher

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We employ electrostatic conversion drift calculations to match CCD pixel signal covariances observed in flat field exposures acquired using candidate sensor devices for the LSST Camera. We thus constrain pixel geometry distortions present at the end of integration, based on signal images recorded. We use available data from several operational voltage parameter settings to validate our understanding. Our primary goal is to optimize flux point-spread function (FPSF) estimation quantitatively, and thereby minimize sensor-induced errors which may limit performance in precision astronomy applications. We consider alternative compensation scenarios that will take maximum advantage of our understanding of this underlying mechanism in data processing pipelines currently under development. To quantitatively capture the pixel response in high-contrast/high dynamic range operational extrema, we propose herein some straightforward laboratory tests that involve altering the time order of source illumination on sensors, within individual test exposures. Hence the word {\it hysteretic} in the title of this paper., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, 4 appendices. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation (paper 9915-45) 26 June-1 July 2016, Edinburgh, Scotland. Fixed an error in right hand expression of Eq.5 and resubmitted to arXiv 160912

Published
2016
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19. List of contributors

Author

Almeida, José A., primary, Antón, Inés M., additional, Balasubramanian, Nagaraj, additional, Bañuelos, Cecilia, additional, Begum, Jenefa, additional, Betanzos, Abigail, additional, Buwa, Natasha, additional, Cao, Lingbo, additional, Castillo, Francisca A., additional, Dai, Zhangshuai, additional, Epstein, Leo, additional, Espinosa-Rivero, Jazmín, additional, Fuman, Yan, additional, Garcia-Cordero, Jose L., additional, Gonzalez-Suarez, Alan M., additional, Guerrero Fonseca, Idaira M., additional, Guignard, Léo, additional, Haimei, Liu, additional, Hirsch, Peter, additional, Huang, Dichun, additional, Huang, Junqi, additional, Iqbal, Asif J., additional, Janetopoulos, Christopher, additional, Jinwen, Xu, additional, Lartey, Nathaniel L., additional, Lequan, Zhou, additional, Li, Yizeng, additional, Li, Guan, additional, Lin, Yuan-Na, additional, Lin, Rufei, additional, Liu, Shuchen, additional, López-Ortega, Orestes, additional, Lu, Jin, additional, Lv, Zhi-Ying, additional, McGettrick, Helen M., additional, Meng, Qi, additional, Merenich, Daniel, additional, Monasterio, Gustavo, additional, Myers, Kenneth A., additional, Pathak, Amit, additional, Rainger, G. Ed, additional, Ren, Weida, additional, Rodriguez-Moncayo, Roberto, additional, Sang, Yuan, additional, Schnoor, Michael, additional, Sun, Sean X., additional, Tang, Wen-Chao, additional, Vadillo, Eduardo, additional, Van Manen-Brush, Kathleen E., additional, Vicente-Manzanares, Miguel, additional, Villablanca, Eduardo J., additional, Walter, Christopher, additional, Wandosell, Francisco, additional, Weaver, Samuel R.C., additional, Wei, Liu, additional, Wellstein, Anton, additional, Yaxing, Zhang, additional, Yin, Lei-Miao, additional, Zhao, Wanyu, additional, Zhong, Hengyi, additional, Zhou, Dong-Dong, additional, and Zmuda, Hannah, additional

Published
2022
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21. Death of the Coast Guard

Author

Walter, Christopher, LCDR

Subjects
APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES - Coast Guard - United States, COAST GUARD - United States, FUTURE
Abstract

illus bibliog

Published
1988

22. Simulating image coaddition with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope – I. Simulation methodology and general results

Author

Hirata, Christopher M, primary, Yamamoto, Masaya, additional, Laliotis, Katherine, additional, Macbeth, Emily, additional, Troxel, M A, additional, Zhang, Tianqing, additional, Cao, Kaili, additional, Choi, Ami, additional, Givans, Jahmour, additional, Heitmann, Katrin, additional, Ishak, Mustapha, additional, Jarvis, Mike, additional, Kovacs, Eve, additional, Long, Heyang, additional, Mandelbaum, Rachel, additional, Park, Andy, additional, Porredon, Anna, additional, Walter, Christopher W, additional, and Wood-Vasey, W Michael, additional

Published
2024
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23. Simulating image coaddition with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope – II. Analysis of the simulated images and implications for weak lensing

Author

Yamamoto, Masaya, primary, Laliotis, Katherine, additional, Macbeth, Emily, additional, Zhang, Tianqing, additional, Hirata, Christopher M, additional, Troxel, M A, additional, Cao, Kaili, additional, Choi, Ami, additional, Givans, Jahmour, additional, Heitmann, Katrin, additional, Ishak, Mustapha, additional, Jarvis, Mike, additional, Kovacs, Eve, additional, Long, Heyang, additional, Mandelbaum, Rachel, additional, Park, Andy, additional, Porredon, Anna, additional, Walter, Christopher W, additional, and Wood-Vasey, W Michael, additional

Published
2024
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26. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

Author

LBNE Collaboration, Adams, Corey, Adams, David, Akiri, Tarek, Alion, Tyler, Anderson, Kris, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Mike, Anghel, Ioana, Anjos, João Carlos Costa dos, Antonello, Maddalena, Arrieta-Diaz, Enrique, Artuso, Marina, Asaadi, Jonathan, Bai, Xinhua, Baibussinov, Bagdat, Baird, Michael, Balantekin, Baha, Baller, Bruce, Baptista, Brian, Barker, D'Ann, Barker, Gary, Barletta, William A., Barr, Giles, Bartoszek, Larry, Bashyal, Amit, Bass, Matt, Bellini, Vincenzo, Benetti, Pietro Angelo, Berger, Bruce E., Bergevin, Marc, Berman, Eileen, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bernstein, Adam, Bernstein, Robert, Bhandari, Babu, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Bhuyan, Bipul, Bian, Jianming, Bishai, Mary, Blake, Andrew, Blaszczyk, Flor, Blaufuss, Erik, Bleakley, Bruce, Blucher, Edward, Blusk, Steve, Bocean, Virgil, Boffelli, F., Boissevain, Jan, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Boyd, Steve, Brandt, Andrew, Breedon, Richard, Bromberg, Carl, Brown, Ralph, Brunetti, Giullia, Buchanan, Norman, Bugg, Bill, Busenitz, Jerome, Calligarich, E., Camilleri, Leslie, Carminati, Giada, Carr, Rachel, Castromonte, Cesar, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Chen, Alex, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Kai, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Choudhary, Brajesh Chandra, Christodoulou, Georgios, Christofferson, Cabot-Ann, Church, Eric, Cline, David, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Coleman, Stephen, Conrad, Janet M., Convery, Mark, Corey, Robert, Corwin, Luke, Cranshaw, Jack, Cronin-Hennessy, Daniel, Curioni, A., da Motta, Helio, Davenne, Tristan, Davies, Gavin S., Dazeley, Steven, De, Kaushik, de Gouvea, Andre, de Jong, Jeffrey K., Demuth, David, Densham, Chris, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dolfini, R., Dolph, Jeffrey, Drake, Gary, Dye, Stephen, Dyuang, Hongue, Edmunds, Daniel, Elliott, Steven, Elnimr, Muhammad, Eno, Sarah, Enomoto, Sanshiro, Escobar, Carlos O., Evans, Justin, Falcone, A., Falk, Lisa, Farbin, Amir, Farnese, Christian, Fava, Angela, Felde, John, Fernandes, S., Ferroni, Fernando, Feyzi, Farshid, Fields, Laura, Finch, Alex, Fitton, Mike, Fleming, Bonnie, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Fujikawa, Brian, Gallagher, Hugh, Gandhi, Raj, Garvey, Gerald, Gehman, Victor M., de Geronimo, Gianluigi, Gibin, Daniele, Gill, Ronald, Gomes, Ricardo A., Goodman, Maury C., Goon, Jason, Graf, Nicholas, Graham, Mathew, Gran, Rik, Grant, Christopher, Grant, Nick, Greenlee, Herbert, Greenler, Leland, Grullon, Sean, Guardincerri, Elena, Guarino, Victor, Guarnaccia, Evan, Guedes, Germano, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guzzo, Marcelo M., Habig, Alec T., Hackenburg, Robert W., Hadavand, Haleh, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Martin, Haines, Todd, Handler, Thomas, Hans, Sunej, Hartnell, Jeff, Harton, John, Hatcher, Robert, Hatzikoutelis, Athans, Hays, Steven, Hazen, Eric, Headley, Mike, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Heise, Jaret, Hellauer, Robert, Hewes, V, Himmel, Alexander, Hogan, Matthew, Holanda, Pedro, Holin, Anna, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Howell, Joe, Hurh, Patrick, Huston, Joey, Hylen, James, Imlay, Richard, Insler, Jonathan, Introzzi, G., Isvan, Zeynep, Jackson, Chris, Jacobsen, John, Jaffe, David E., James, Cat, Jen, Chun-Min, Johnson, Marvin, Johnson, Randy, Johnson, Robert, Johnson, Scott, Johnston, William, Johnstone, John, Jones, Ben J. P., Jostlein, H., Junk, Thomas, Kadel, Richard, Kaess, Karl, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Kaspar, Jarek, Katori, Teppei, Kayser, Boris, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kemp, Ernesto, Kettell, Steve H., Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koizumi, Gordon, Kopp, Sacha, Kormos, Laura, Kropp, William, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Jason, Kutter, Thomas, La Zia, Franco, Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Lanni, Francesco, Lanza, Richard, Latorre, Tony, Learned, John, Lee, David, Lee, Kevin, Li, Qizhong, Li, Shaorui, Li, Yichen, Li, Zepeng, Libo, Jiang, Linden, Steve, Ling, Jiajie, Link, Jonathan, Littenberg, Laurence, Liu, Hu, Liu, Qiuguang, Liu, Tiankuan, Losecco, John, Louis, William, Lundberg, Byron, Lundin, Tracy, Lundy, Jay, Machado, Ana Amelia, Maesano, Cara, Magill, Steve, Mahler, George, Malon, David, Malys, Stephen, Mammoliti, Francesco, Mandal, Samit Kumar, Mann, Anthony, Mantsch, Paul, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, John, Matsuno, Shiegenobu, Mauger, Christopher, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mayer, Nate, McCauley, Neil, McCluskey, Elaine, McDonald, Kirk, McFarland, Kevin, McKee, David, McKeown, Robert, McTaggart, Robert, Mehdiyev, Rashid, Mei, Dongming, Menegolli, A., Meng, Guang, Meng, Yixiong, Mertins, David, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Geoff, Mishra, Sanjib R., Mokhov, Nikolai, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Moore, Craig, Morfin, Jorge, Morgan, Ben, Morse, William, Moss, Zander, Moura, Célio A., Mufson, Stuart, Muller, David, Musser, Jim, Naples, Donna, Napolitano, Jim, Newcomer, Mitch, Nichol, Ryan, Nicholls, Tim, Niner, Evan, Norris, Barry, Nowak, Jaroslaw, O'Keeffe, Helen, Oliveira, Roberto, Olson, Travis, Page, Brian, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Paley, Jon, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Park, Seongtae, Parsa, Zohreh, Partyka, Kinga, Paulos, Bob, Pavlovic, Zarko, Peeters, Simon, Perch, Andy, Perkin, Jon D., Petti, Roberto, Petukhov, Andre, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Plunkett, Robert, Polly, Chris, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Prakash, Arati, Prokofiev, Oleg, Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L., Radeka, Veljko, Rakhno, Igor, Ramachers, Yorck, Rameika, Regina, Ramsey, John, Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G. L., Ratoff, Peter, Ravindra, Shreyas, Rebel, Brian, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, Dianne, Rescia, Sergio, Richardson, Martin, Rielage, Kieth, Riesselmann, Kurt, Robinson, Matt, Rochester, Leon, Ronquest, Michael, Rosen, Marc, Rossella, M., Rubbia, Carlo, Rucinski, Russ, Sahijpal, Sandeep, Sahoo, Himansu, Sala, Paola, Salmiera, Delia, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Scaramelli, Alberto, Schellman, Heidi, Schmitt, Richard, Schmitz, David, Schneps, Jack, Scholberg, Kate, Segreto, Ettore, Seibert, Stanley, Sexton-Kennedy, Liz, Shaevitz, Mike, Shanahan, Peter, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Simos, Nikolaos, Singh, Venktesh, Sinnis, Gus, Sippach, William, Skwarnicki, Tomasz, Smy, Michael, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Sondericker, John, Sondheim, Walter, Sousa, Alexandre, Spooner, Neil J. C., Stancari, Michelle, Stancu, Ion, Stefan, Dorota, Stefanik, Andy, Stewart, James, Stone, Sheldon, Strait, James, Strait, Matthew, Striganov, Sergei, Sullivan, Gregory, Sun, Yujing, Suter, Louise, Svenson, Andrew, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Szydagis, Matthew, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Talaga, Richard, Tamsett, Matthew, Tariq, Salman, Tayloe, Rex, Taylor, Charles, Taylor, David, Teymourian, Artin, Themann, Harry, Thiesse, Matthew, Thomas, Jenny, Thompson, Lee F., Thomson, Mark, Thorn, Craig, Thorpe, Matt, Tian, Xinchun, Tiedt, Doug, Toki, Walter, Tolich, Nikolai, Torti, M., Toups, Matt, Touramanis, Christos, Tripathi, Mani, Tropin, Igor, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tull, Craig, Tzanov, Martin, Urheim, Jon, Usman, Shawn, Vagins, Mark, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Van Gemmeren, Peter, Varanini, Filippo, Varner, Gary, Vaziri, Kamran, Velev, Gueorgui, Ventura, Sandro, Vignoli, Chiara, Viren, Brett, Wahl, Dan, Waldron, Abby, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Wei, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wasserman, Ryan, Watson, Blake, Weber, Alfons, Wei, Wenzhao, Wells, Douglas, Wetstein, Matthew, White, Andy, White, Hywel, Whitehead, Lisa, Whittington, Denver, Willhite, Joshua, Wilson, Robert J., Winslow, Lindley, Wood, Kevin, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Xin, Tian, Yarritu, Kevin, Ye, Jingbo, Yeh, Minfang, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Yuan, Tianlu, Zani, A., Zeller, Geralyn P., Zhang, Chao, Zimmerman, Eric D., and Zwaska, Robert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess., Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figures

Published
2013

27. Image quality estimation: pathfinding for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory

Author

Marshall, Heather K., Spyromilio, Jason, Usuda, Tomonori, Urbach, Elana K., Claver, Charles F., Dennihy, Erik, Fabrega, Juan, Fanning, Kevin, Fisher-Levine, Merlin, Hebert, Claire-Alice, Ingraham, Patrick, Jimenez, David, Johnson, Tony, Lage, Craig, Lupton, Robert, Meyers, Joshua, Park, HyeYun, Pedersen, Eske, Rivera, Mario, Sebag, Jacques, Shugart, Alysha, Sotuela, Ioana, Stalder, Brian, Stubbs, Christopher W., Thayer, Gregg, Thomas, Sandrine, Tighe, Roberto, and Walter, Christopher W.

Published
2024
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28. Report on the Depth Requirements for a Massive Detector at Homestake

Author

Bernstein, Adam, Bishai, Mary, Blucher, Edward, Cline, David B., Diwan, Milind V., Fleming, Bonnie, Goodman, Maury, Hladysz, Zbigniew J., Kadel, Richard, Kearns, Edward, Klein, Joshua, Lande, Kenneth, Lanni, Francesco, Lissauer, David, Marks, Steve, McKeown, Robert, Morse, William, Rameika, Regina, Roggenthen, William M., Scholberg, Kate, Smy, Michael, Sobel, Henry, Stewart, James, Sullivan, Gregory, Svoboda, Robert, Vagins, Mark, Viren, Brett, Walter, Christopher, and Zwaska, Robert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This report provides the technical justification for locating a large detector underground in a US based Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory. A large detector with a fiducial mass in the mega-ton scale will most likely be a multipurpose facility. The main physics justification for such a device is detection of accelerator generated neutrinos, nucleon decay, and natural sources of neutrinos such as solar, atmospheric and supernova neutrinos. In addition to the physics justification there are practical issues regarding the existing infrastructure at Homestake, and the stress characteristics of the Homestake rock formations. The depth requirements associated with the various physics processes are reported for water Cherenkov and liquid argon detector technologies. While some of these physics processes can be adequately studied at shallower depths, none of them require a depth greater than 4300 mwe which corresponds to the 4850 ft level at Homestake. It is very important to note that the scale of the planned detector is such that even for accelerator neutrino detection (which allows one to use the accelerator duty factor to eliminate cosmics) a minimum depth is needed to reduce risk of contamination from cosmic rays. After consideration of the science and the practical issues regarding the Homestake site, we strongly recommend that the geotechnical studies be commenced at the 4850ft level in a timely manner., Comment: 64 pages, prepared to be part of the DUSEL design reviews 8/9/2009 corrected author list, removed extra file

Published
2009

29. Experimental Neutrino Physics

Author

Walter, Christopher W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

It's been a remarkable decade in neutrino physics. Ten years ago this summer, at the 1998 neutrino conference in Takayama, the Super-Kamiokande collaboration reported the observation of neutrinos changing flavor, thereby establishing the existence of neutrino mass. A few years later, the SNO experiment solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem demonstrating that it too was due to neutrino oscillation. Just a few years after that, these effects were confirmed and the oscillation parameters were measured with man-made neutrino sources. Now, just in this last year, the same neutrinos which were the source of the 30 year old solar neutrino problem were measured for the first time in a real-time experiment. In this talk, I will explain how a set of experiments, especially ones in the last few years, have established a consistent framework of neutrino physics and also explain some outstanding questions. Finally, I will cover how a set of upcoming experiments hope to address these questions in the coming decade., Comment: Plenary talk at ICHEP08, Philadelphia, USA, July 2008. 13 pages

Published
2008

30. LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

Author

Ivezić, Željko, Kahn, Steven M., Tyson, J. Anthony, Abel, Bob, Acosta, Emily, Allsman, Robyn, Alonso, David, AlSayyad, Yusra, Anderson, Scott F., Andrew, John, Angel, James Roger P., Angeli, George Z., Ansari, Reza, Antilogus, Pierre, Araujo, Constanza, Armstrong, Robert, Arndt, Kirk T., Astier, Pierre, Aubourg, Éric, Auza, Nicole, Axelrod, Tim S., Bard, Deborah J., Barr, Jeff D., Barrau, Aurelian, Bartlett, James G., Bauer, Amanda E., Bauman, Brian J., Baumont, Sylvain, Becker, Andrew C., Becla, Jacek, Beldica, Cristina, Bellavia, Steve, Bianco, Federica B., Biswas, Rahul, Blanc, Guillaume, Blazek, Jonathan, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Josh S., Bogart, Joanne, Bond, Tim W., Borgland, Anders W., Borne, Kirk, Bosch, James F., Boutigny, Dominique, Brackett, Craig A., Bradshaw, Andrew, Brandt, William Nielsen, Brown, Michael E., Bullock, James S., Burchat, Patricia, Burke, David L., Cagnoli, Gianpietro, Calabrese, Daniel, Callahan, Shawn, Callen, Alice L., Chandrasekharan, Srinivasan, Charles-Emerson, Glenaver, Chesley, Steve, Cheu, Elliott C., Chiang, Hsin-Fang, Chiang, James, Chirino, Carol, Chow, Derek, Ciardi, David R., Claver, Charles F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cockrum, Joseph J., Coles, Rebecca, Connolly, Andrew J., Cook, Kem H., Cooray, Asantha, Covey, Kevin R., Cribbs, Chris, Cui, Wei, Cutri, Roc, Daly, Philip N., Daniel, Scott F., Daruich, Felipe, Daubard, Guillaume, Daues, Greg, Dawson, William, Delgado, Francisco, Dellapenna, Alfred, de Peyster, Robert, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Digel, Seth W., Doherty, Peter, Dubois, Richard, Dubois-Felsmann, Gregory P., Durech, Josef, Economou, Frossie, Eracleous, Michael, Ferguson, Henry, Figueroa, Enrique, Fisher-Levine, Merlin, Focke, Warren, Foss, Michael D., Frank, James, Freemon, Michael D., Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Geary, John C., Gee, Perry, Geha, Marla, Gessner, Charles J. B., Gibson, Robert R., Gilmore, D. Kirk, Glanzman, Thomas, Glick, William, Goldina, Tatiana, Goldstein, Daniel A., Goodenow, Iain, Graham, Melissa L., Gressler, William J., Gris, Philippe, Guy, Leanne P., Guyonnet, Augustin, Haller, Gunther, Harris, Ron, Hascall, Patrick A., Haupt, Justine, Hernandez, Fabio, Herrmann, Sven, Hileman, Edward, Hoblitt, Joshua, Hodgson, John A., Hogan, Craig, Huang, Dajun, Huffer, Michael E., Ingraham, Patrick, Innes, Walter R., Jacoby, Suzanne H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jammes, Fabrice, Jee, James, Jenness, Tim, Jernigan, Garrett, Jevremović, Darko, Johns, Kenneth, Johnson, Anthony S., Johnson, Margaret W. G., Jones, R. Lynne, Juramy-Gilles, Claire, Jurić, Mario, Kalirai, Jason S., Kallivayalil, Nitya J., Kalmbach, Bryce, Kantor, Jeffrey P., Karst, Pierre, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Kelly, Heather, Kessler, Richard, Kinnison, Veronica, Kirkby, David, Knox, Lloyd, Kotov, Ivan V., Krabbendam, Victor L., Krughoff, K. Simon, Kubánek, Petr, Kuczewski, John, Kulkarni, Shri, Ku, John, Kurita, Nadine R., Lage, Craig S., Lambert, Ron, Lange, Travis, Langton, J. Brian, Guillou, Laurent Le, Levine, Deborah, Liang, Ming, Lim, Kian-Tat, Lintott, Chris J., Long, Kevin E., Lopez, Margaux, Lotz, Paul J., Lupton, Robert H., Lust, Nate B., MacArthur, Lauren A., Mahabal, Ashish, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Marsh, Darren S., Marshall, Philip J., Marshall, Stuart, May, Morgan, McKercher, Robert, McQueen, Michelle, Meyers, Joshua, Migliore, Myriam, Miller, Michelle, Mills, David J., Miraval, Connor, Moeyens, Joachim, Monet, David G., Moniez, Marc, Monkewitz, Serge, Montgomery, Christopher, Mueller, Fritz, Muller, Gary P., Arancibia, Freddy Muñoz, Neill, Douglas R., Newbry, Scott P., Nief, Jean-Yves, Nomerotski, Andrei, Nordby, Martin, O'Connor, Paul, Oliver, John, Olivier, Scot S., Olsen, Knut, O'Mullane, William, Ortiz, Sandra, Osier, Shawn, Owen, Russell E., Pain, Reynald, Palecek, Paul E., Parejko, John K., Parsons, James B., Pease, Nathan M., Peterson, J. Matt, Peterson, John R., Petravick, Donald L., Petrick, M. E. Libby, Petry, Cathy E., Pierfederici, Francesco, Pietrowicz, Stephen, Pike, Rob, Pinto, Philip A., Plante, Raymond, Plate, Stephen, Price, Paul A., Prouza, Michael, Radeka, Veljko, Rajagopal, Jayadev, Rasmussen, Andrew P., Regnault, Nicolas, Reil, Kevin A., Reiss, David J., Reuter, Michael A., Ridgway, Stephen T., Riot, Vincent J., Ritz, Steve, Robinson, Sean, Roby, William, Roodman, Aaron, Rosing, Wayne, Roucelle, Cecille, Rumore, Matthew R., Russo, Stefano, Saha, Abhijit, Sassolas, Benoit, Schalk, Terry L., Schellart, Pim, Schindler, Rafe H., Schmidt, Samuel, Schneider, Donald P., Schneider, Michael D., Schoening, William, Schumacher, German, Schwamb, Megan E., Sebag, Jacques, Selvy, Brian, Sembroski, Glenn H., Seppala, Lynn G., Serio, Andrew, Serrano, Eduardo, Shaw, Richard A., Shipsey, Ian, Sick, Jonathan, Silvestri, Nicole, Slater, Colin T., Smith, J. Allyn, Smith, R. Chris, Sobhani, Shahram, Soldahl, Christine, Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa, Stover, Edward, Strauss, Michael A., Street, Rachel A., Stubbs, Christopher W., Sullivan, Ian S., Sweeney, Donald, Swinbank, John D., Szalay, Alexander, Takacs, Peter, Tether, Stephen A., Thaler, Jon J., Thayer, John Gregg, Thomas, Sandrine, Thukral, Vaikunth, Tice, Jeffrey, Trilling, David E., Turri, Max, Van Berg, Richard, Berk, Daniel Vanden, Vetter, Kurt, Virieux, Francoise, Vucina, Tomislav, Wahl, William, Walkowicz, Lucianne, Walsh, Brian, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Daniel L., Wang, Shin-Yawn, Warner, Michael, Wiecha, Oliver, Willman, Beth, Winters, Scott E., Wittman, David, Wolff, Sidney C., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, Wu, Xiuqin, Xin, Bo, Yoachim, Peter, and Zhan, Hu

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world., Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overview

Published
2008
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31. A unified catalogue-level reanalysis of stage-III cosmic shear surveys

Author

Longley, Emily P., Chang, Chihway, Walter, Christopher W., Zuntz, Joe, Ishak, Mustapha, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Miyatake, Hironao, Nicola, Andrina, Pedersen, Eske M., Pereira, Maria E. S., Prat, Judit, Sánchez, J., Tröster, Tilman, Troxel, Michael, Wright, Angus, and Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmological parameter constraints from recent galaxy imaging surveys are reaching $2-3\%$-level accuracy. The upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will produce sub-percent level measurements of cosmological parameters, providing a milestone test of the $\Lambda$CDM model. To supply guidance to the upcoming LSST analysis, it is important to understand thoroughly the results from different recent galaxy imaging surveys and assess their consistencies. In this work we perform a unified catalog-level reanalysis of three cosmic shear datasets: the first year data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y1), the 1,000 deg$^{2}$ dataset from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000), and the first year data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-Y1). We utilize a pipeline developed and rigorously tested by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration to perform the reanalysis and assess the robustness of the results to analysis choices. We find the $S_{8}$ constraint to be robust to two different small-scale modeling approaches, and varying choices of cosmological priors. Our unified analysis allows the consistency of the surveys to be rigorously tested and we find the three surveys to be statistically consistent. Due to the partially overlapping footprint, we model the cross-covariance between KiDS-1000 and HSC-Y1 approximately when combining all three datasets, resulting in a $1.6-1.9\%$ constraint on $S_8$ given different assumptions on the cross-covariance., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures, to be submitted to MNRAS

Published
2023

38. How Common Is the Exponential Decay Pattern of Motor Skill Acquisition? A Brief Investigation.

Author

Olivier, Geneviève N., Walter, Christopher S., Paul, Serene S., Dibble, Leland E., and Schaefer, Sydney Y.

Subjects
MOTOR ability, OLDER people, YOUNG adults, ADULTS, EXPONENTIAL functions, PARKINSON'S disease
Abstract

Motor performance is classically described as improving nonlinearly with practice, demonstrating rapid improvements early in practice with stabilization later, which is commonly modeled by exponential decay functions. However, retrospective analyses of our previously collected data challenge this theoretical model of motor skill acquisition, suggesting that a majority of individual learners actually demonstrate patterns of motor improvement different from this classical model. A convenience sample of young adults, older adults, and people with Parkinson disease trained on the same functional upper-extremity task. When fitting three-parameter exponential decay functions to individual participant data, the authors found that only 13.3% of young adults, 40.9% of older adults, and 66.7% of adults with Parkinson disease demonstrated this "classical" skill acquisition pattern. Thus, the three-parameter exponential decay pattern may not well-represent individuals' skill acquisition of complex motor tasks; instead, more individualized analysis methods may be warranted for advancing a theoretical understanding of motor skill acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. Scale-up of immobilized amine sorbent pellets for landfill gas upgrading, using benchtop and pilot equipment

Author

Tuo Ji, Victor A. Kusuma, Shouliang Yi, Walter Christopher Wilfong, Nicholas Fusco, Qiuming Wang, Parag Shah, McMahan L. Gray, Brian W. Kail, and Fan Shi

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Sorbent, Landfill gas, Materials science, Biogas, Chemical engineering, chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Fly ash, Pellets, Amine gas treating, Enhanced oil recovery, Methane
Abstract

Upgrading CO2/CH4 enriched biogas effluents, especially from landfills, is a viable route towards simultaneously generating renewable methane for energy production and purified carbon dioxide for industries like oil and gas, whose main use is enhanced oil recovery. Pelletized basic immobilized amine sorbents (BIAS) previously utilized for post-combustion CO2 capture are prime candidates for CO2 removal from landfill gas (inherent CH4 enrichment) because of the pellets' high CO2 selectivity and tunability for optimized performance at different temperatures and gas compositions. This work examines the process parameters and material properties that are key in the production scale-up of our previously developed polychloroprene latex-polyethylenimine (PEI, MW = 25,000) binder/silica-fly ash pellet supports. Thicker pastes with aqueous binder solution/powder ratios between 2.9/1 and 3.24/1 exhibited average storage moduli of G' ≥ 9.5 × 106 ± 1.2 × 105 Pa and were easily prepared then transformed into separable cylindrical ropes via a lab-scale mixer-extruder machine. The dried supports displayed good crush strength and a > 98% efficient amine impregnation. Pellets containing 32 wt% PEI800/N-N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline crosslinker (1/0.13 wt. ratio) showed a high 1.95 mmol CO2/g capture from simulated landfill gas (60% CO2/39% CH4/1% O2) at 75 °C that dropped

Published
2022

43. Stronger fertilization effects on aboveground versus belowground plant properties across nine U.S. grasslands

Author

Keller, Adrienne B., primary, Walter, Christopher A., additional, Blumenthal, Dana M., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, DeLancey, Lang C., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hofmockel, Kirsten S., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Leakey, Andrew D. B., additional, Mayes, Melanie A., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, and Hobbie, Sarah E., additional

Published
2022
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44. Views of in‐person and virtual group exercise before and during the pandemic in people with Parkinson disease.

Author

Bennett, Holly B., Walter, Christopher S., Oholendt, Chris K., Coleman, Kellie S., and Vincenzo, Jennifer L.

Subjects
PARKINSON'S disease, GROUPOIDS, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19, PANDEMICS, LONELINESS
Abstract

Introduction: Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), many health/wellness programs transitioned from in‐person to virtual. This mixed‐methods study aims to explore the perceptions of older adults with Parkinson disease (PD) regarding in‐person versus virtual‐based Parkinson‐specific exercise classes (PDEx). Objective: Explore experiences, perceptions, and perceived effect of participating in and transitioning from in‐person to virtual PDEx in people with Parkinson disease (PwPD). Design: Cross‐sectional mixed‐methods design using an online survey and focus groups. Setting: PwPD who participated in an in‐person and virtual PDEx (n = 26) were recruited to participate and completed online surveys and focus groups from their home during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants: PwPD who participated in an in‐person and virtual PDEx and agreed to participate completed an online survey (n = 16; male = 8; mean age = 74 years) and focus groups (n = 9; male = 4; mean age = 75 years). Interventions: N/A Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed survey questions and participated in focus groups regarding their perceptions, attitudes, and perceived changes in PD‐related symptoms since participating in the PDEx, as well as barriers and facilitators to participating in virtual PDEx. Results: Participants felt PDEx was somewhat to very safe and beneficial. In the computer, comfort, and perceptions survey, participants reported perceived improved mobility (63%), balance (75%), and overall health (63%) since participating the PDEx, whereas some participants reported improved mental health (38%). Participants reported minimal difficulty with accessing virtual PDEx. Most participants stated that they would prefer to participate in a combination of in‐person and virtual programming. Focus‐group participants emphasized that virtual PDEx provided social and emotional support and improved confidence to perform and maintain an exercise regimen. Conclusion: PwPD who transitioned from an in‐person to a virtual PDEx felt the program was safe, effective, and improved or prevented declines in their mobility and balance. PwPD who transitioned to a virtual PDEx also reported benefits in non‐motor symptoms such as social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Rubin Observatory Commissioning Camera: summit integration

Author

Stalder, Brian, primary, Reil, Kevin, additional, Aguilar, Christian, additional, Araya, Claudio, additional, Borstad, Anthony, additional, Bowdish, Boyd, additional, Cho, Myung, additional, Cisneros, Stephen, additional, Claver, Chuck, additional, Constanzo, Julio, additional, Corvetto, Giovanni, additional, Drass, Holger, additional, Economou, Frossie, additional, Dennihy, Erik, additional, Eisner, Alan, additional, Fabrega, Juan, additional, Fausti Neto, Angelo, additional, Fisher-Levine, Merlin, additional, Gonzalez, Ivan, additional, Harris, Ronald, additional, Hascall, Diane, additional, Haupt, Justine, additional, Hoblitt, Josh, additional, Howard, James, additional, Huffer, Mike, additional, Jenness, Tim, additional, Jiménez Mejías, David, additional, Johnson, Brian, additional, Johnson, Tony, additional, Krughoff, K. Simon, additional, Lage, Craig, additional, Lange, Travis, additional, Liang, Ming, additional, Lopez, Juan, additional, Lopez, Margaux, additional, Lupton, Robert, additional, Maulen, Guido, additional, Menanteau, Felipe, additional, Mills, Neill, additional, Morris, Glenn, additional, Munoz, Freddy, additional, Neal, Homer, additional, Neill, Douglas R., additional, Newbry, Scott, additional, Nomerotski, Andrei, additional, Onoprienko, Dmitry, additional, Ordenes, Ian, additional, Orellana, Juan, additional, Osier, Shawn, additional, Park, HyeYun, additional, Pietrowicz, Stephen, additional, Plazas Malagón, Andrés Alejandro, additional, Poczulp, Gary, additional, Qiu, Brian, additional, Quint, Bruno, additional, Reinking, Heinrich, additional, Reuter, Michael, additional, Ribeiro, Tiago, additional, Rojas, Rodrigo, additional, Romero, Sandra, additional, Schindler, Rafe, additional, Schoening, Bill, additional, Sebag, Jacques, additional, Shugart, Alysha, additional, Silva, Cristian, additional, Sotuela, Ioana, additional, Tache, Anthony, additional, Tapia, Diego, additional, Thayer, John G., additional, Thomas, Sandrine, additional, Tighe, Roberto, additional, Tsai, Tei-Wei, additional, Turri, Max, additional, Tyson, Anthony, additional, Vergara, Luis, additional, Walter, Christopher, additional, Wiecha, Oliver, additional, and Xiong, Van, additional

Published
2022
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47. Personalized practice dosages may improve motor learning in older adults compared to “standard of care” practice dosages: A randomized controlled trial

Author

Olivier, Geneviève N., primary, Dibble, Leland E., additional, Paul, Serene S., additional, Lohse, Keith R., additional, Walter, Christopher S., additional, Marker, Ryan J., additional, Hayes, Heather A., additional, Foreman, K. Bo, additional, Duff, Kevin, additional, and Schaefer, Sydney Y., additional

Published
2022
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