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The Integrated Ocean Observing System® is necessary to oceanography and vital for understanding spatial and temporal scales of important environmental and climate processes. However, many state-of-the-art ocean observing system (OOS) technologies are operationally constrained in shallow coastal waters. Texas A&M University (TAMU) researchers are overcoming the constraint by combining traditional platforms with modern shipboard OOS. Shipboard observations provide the spatial context and are complemented by moored observations providing the temporal context of spatial observations, In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), 005 provide researchers with large, continuous spatial and temporal data sets to investigate naturally occurring environmental events. The summer of 2010 has been a unique season for researchers in the GOM with the British Petroleum oil spill off the Louisiana coast and the shift of seasonal wind and precipitation events along the western GOM coastline impacting the formation and sustainability of a common hazard on the Texas-Louisiana shelf-hypoxia. Such events have and are currently emphasizing an environmental revitalization of coastal GOM OOS to better monitor and predict unexpected events directly impacting coastal waters. This manuscript describes TAMU's existing interdisciplinary operating OOS and supplemental instrumentation added to address spatial and temporal scales of northern GOM coastal hazards. Details also will be included in TAMU's future directions as an OOS leader on the Texas shelf and in how OOS plays vital role in community education and awareness of the coastal oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the arterial supply of the sesamoid bones of the hallux. Twenty-two feet from adult cadavers were injected with epoxide resin or an acrylic polymer in methyl methacrylate (Acrifix) and subsequently processed by two slice plastination methods and the enzyme maceration technique. Afterwards, the arterial supply of the sesamoid bones was studied. The first plantar metatarsal artery provided a medial branch to the medial sesamoid bone. The main branch of the first plantar metatarsal artery continued its course distally along the lateral side of the lateral sesamoid and supplied it. The supplying arteries penetrated the sesamoid bones on the proximal, plantar, and distal sides. The analysis and cataloging of the microvascular anatomy of the sesamoids revealed the first plantar metatarsal artery as the main arterial source to the medial and lateral sesamoid bones. In addition, the first plantar metatarsal artery ran along the lateral plantar side of the lateral sesamoid bone, suggesting that this artery is at increased risk during soft-tissue procedures such as hallux valgus surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to categorize and systematize the arterial supply of the metatarsal bones and furthermore the observation of arterial lesions after frequently performed forefoot surgeries., Materials and Methods: Twenty-two cadaver feet were analyzed by two plastination methods and the enzyme maceration method. Five forefoot surgeries were performed after arterial injections., Results: The bases of the metatarsal bones were primarily supplied by dorsal and plantar arteries. The arterial supply of the metatarsal diaphysis was given by a frequently observed nutrient artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery was the main supply of the first metatarsal head. The plantar and dorsal metatarsal arteries supplied the lesser metatarsals heads. The forefoot surgeries revealed lesions of arteries in all cases., Conclusions: The plastination methods were excellent methods to analyze the arterial supply. In addition arterial damage after forefoot surgeries could be analyzed with these methods.

In 2018 consecutive newborn ultrasound examination of the hip was performed according to the method of Graf within the first 14 days of life (average 4th day). Typ IIa was seen as normal in newborn child. Birth weight was classified according to standards of Lubchenco and Hohenauer. Newborn with high birth weight (LGA) revealed an incidence of CDH (Typ IIc according to Graf or worse) nearly twice as high as in normal weighted newborn (AGA) (6.11% vs 3.51% [Lubchenco] and 7.95 vs 3.09 [Hohenauer]). Even in children with birth weight between 75th and 90th percentile we found a CDH incidence of 5.54%. Ultrasound examination of the hip is suggested in newborn children with high birth weight because of a higher risk for development of a CDH. Other risk-factors like breech position or of CDH.

In West Germany the incidence of new cases of genitourinary tuberculosis has continued to decline just as the trend of the tuberculosis situation decreased in the development countries, which is certainly due to modern chemotherapy and effective hygienic health care. Genitourinary manifestation also follows the consistently steady decline of tuberculosis. Most patients are in the age group 31 to 55 years, and the average rate of patients from the Third World is high. The actual epidemiological data are presented. The modalities of modern treatment are reported, especially modern short-course chemotherapy, toxicity of modern antituberculous drugs, the problems of a inpatient or outpatient treatment and the complication of HIV-infection and tuberculosis are discussed.

To determine whether responses to exercise in children with sickle cell trait (AS) are different from those of normal children, we performed dynamic cycle ergometer stress testing in 48 children with AS, aged 4 to 21 years. We compared these data with those obtained from 184 healthy black children. No subject with AS demonstrated definite ischemia on the exercise ECG, but four (8.3%) had equivocal ischemia. Population statistics derived from Z score values showed that the subjects with AS had lower exercise values for heart rate and work load than the controls. The BP response to exercise was normal in subjects with AS. Since no ischemia or complications occurred, exercise in subjects with AS appears to be safe. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism for the impaired pulse rate and work load variables.