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Neste artigo visamos analisar de forma clara e objetiva a trajetória da salta-z no município de Porto Velho. Trata-se de um relato de experiência construído a partir da coleta de dados pela observação participante nas incursões até as comunidades beneficiadas pela tecnologia salta-z e através da análise documental de arquivos escritos e acumulados na experiência tais como atas de reuniões, relatórios, informações divulgadas pela imprensa, dentre outros registros disponíveis. Através da articulação entre a Prefeitura do Município de Porto Velho e a Fundação Nacional de Saúde – FUNASA foi possível a implantação de quatro unidades da solução alternativa simplificada de tratamento de água com zeólita – salta-z em comunidades mais afastadas da capital de Rondônia. A utilização de tecnologias sociais de baixo custo e fácil aplicabilidade tais como a Salta-z desenvolvida pela Funasa/Superintendência Estadual do Pará – Suest/PA mostrou-se uma solução alternativa eficiente e capaz de amenizar o problema existente na acessibilidade ao serviços de abastecimento de água tratada e segura na capital Porto Velho. A Salta-Z é uma importante ferramenta para o acesso a água tratada capaz de promover uma série de mudanças e melhorias na comunidade onde é implantada impactando positivamente na promoção da saúde, nas relações comunitárias, na consciência ambiental e principalmente na compreensão de que a água é um recurso finito e imprescindível, Keywords: Drinking Water. Sanitation. Riverside communities. Salta-z.

Background Vitamin A has been reported as a factor influencing marbling deposition in meat from animals. Although the mechanisms by which vitamin A regulates lipid metabolism in mature adipocytes are already well-established, information regarding molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of vitamin A on the regulation of intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle still remains limited. The present study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle supplemented with vitamin A during the fattening phase using a proteomic approach. Results Vitamin A supplementation during the fattening phase decreased intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle. Proteome and phospho-proteome analysis together with biological and networking analysis of the protein differentially abundant between treatments indicated that Vitamin A supplementation affects the overall energy metabolism of skeletal muscle, impairing lipid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. Conclusion Vitamin A supplementation at fattening phase impairs intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle likely by changing the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle. The interaction of retinoic acid and heat shock 70-kDa protein may play a pivotal role in intramuscular fat deposition as a consequence of vitamin A supplementation by impairing de novo fatty acid synthesis as a result of a possible decrease in insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), is known for its ability to modulate the host immune response to its own favor. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ENTPDase) represents a family of enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotides and are involved in nucleotide-dependent biological processes. L. infantum has two ENTPDases, namely LiNTPDase1 and LiNTPDase2. Here, we used genetic tools to overexpress or abolish the expression of LiNTPDase1 and -2 to assess their role in parasite growth in culture and macrophage infection. While LiNTPDase1 or 2-overexpressing clones showed no morphological or growth changes in promastigotes, LiNTPDase2 overexpression increased macrophage adhesion and infection by 50% and 30%, respectively. The individual LiNTPDase1 and 2 knockout mutants showed lag in growth profile, which was reversed by the addition of adenine and guanine to the culture media. Moreover, the morphology of the knockout mutants even in supplemented media was changed to an amastigote-like form. The double knockout of both genes was lethal and a mechanism of compensation of deletion of one isoform was detected in these mutants. Correspondingly, the absence of LiNTPDase1 or LiNTPDase2 led to a dramatic reduction in in vitro infection (∼90%). Interestingly, nitric oxide production was decreased in both knockout mutants during infection, which suggests that both LiNTPDases can inhibit macrophage responses against the parasite. Overall, our results show important roles of LiNTPDase1 and -2 concerning in vitro macrophage infection and reinforce their use as potential targets to control Leishmania infections.

The production of recombinant proteins is a rapidly expanding industrial field. Several proteins that previously were extracted from their natural source by expensive and time-consuming processes can now be produced in various organisms, including bacteria, yeast, insect cells, and mammalian cells. These traditional systems have their advantages and disadvantages, but one of the major problems is related to post-translational modifications that mostly differ from those in mammals. The LEXSY system was developed for the expression of recombinant proteins in Leishmania tarentolae a non-pathogenic protozoan species isolated from the lizards Tarentolae annularis and Tarentolae mauritanica it is a biosafety level I protist with high biomass production that is well-suited for cultivation on an industrial scale. The system has advantages for the expression of several proteins, including glycosylated proteins, and for the homogenous glycosylation of mammalian proteins. In this review, we have compared the classical systems and LEXSY, and presents a historical review of heterologous expression in Leishmania. We also list the specific characteristics, advantages, and problems with LEXSY in a work-oriented perspective to facilitate the use of this eukaryotic expression platform.

Evidence suggests antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). However, the effect of supplementation of this fatty acid profile on the telomere length and the telomerase enzyme activity was not revised yet. The PubMed and Embase® databases were used to search for clinical trials. A total of six clinical trials were revised. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation did not statistically affect telomere length in three out of three studies but affected telomerase activity in two out of four studies. The supplementation increased telomerase enzyme activity in subjects with first-episode schizophrenia. Besides, it decreased telomerase enzyme activity without modulating the effects of Pro12Ala polymorphism on the PPARγ gene in type 2 diabetes subjects. The methodological differences between the studies and the limited number of studies on the theme suggest that further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity in humans.

ENTPDases are enzymes known for hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides and playing an essential role in controlling the nucleotide signaling via nucleotide/purinergic receptors P2. Moreover, ENTPDases, together with Ecto-5´-nucleotidase activity, affect the adenosine signaling via P1 receptors. These signals control many biological processes, including the immune system. In this context, ATP is considered as a trigger to inflammatory signaling, while adenosine (Ado) induces anti-inflammatory response. The trypanosomatids Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, pathogenic agents of Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease, respectively, have their own ENTPDases named “TpENTPDases,” which can affect the nucleotide signaling, adhesion and infection, in order to favor the parasite. Besides, TpENTPDases are essential for the parasite nutrition, since the Purine De Novo synthesis pathway is absent in them, which makes these pathogens dependent on the intake of purines and nucleopurines for the Salvage Pathway, in which TpENTPDases also take place. Here, we review information regarding TpNTPDases, including their known biological roles and their effect on the purinergic signaling. We also highlight the roles of these enzymes in parasite infection and their biotechnological applications, while pointing to future developments.

Frutos de jabuticaba e pequi contêm compostos bioativos, como polifenóis, que apresentam ação antioxidante; entretanto, os mecanismos moleculares pelos quais esses efeitos são alcançados não estão totalmente elucidados. No presente estudo, células musculares de camundongo (C2C12), induzidas ou não por estresse oxidativo com peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), foram tratadas com extrato de casca de jabuticaba (JPE) e extrato aquoso de pequi (PAE) para avaliar sua influência na expressão das seguintes enzimas antioxidantes: catalase (CAT), superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa s-transferase (GST) e glutationa peroxidase 1 (GPX1). Os tratamentos com JPE (150 µg equivalentes de ácido gálico mL-1 extrato) e PAE (30 µg GAE mL-1 extrato) aumentaram a expressão de mRNAs de CAT e GST em células musculares. Em células induzidas por estresse oxidativo com adição de H2O2, verificou-se a ação de desintoxicação do peróxido atribuída à enzima GST. Os efeitos benéficos dos extratos podem ser devido às atividades sinérgicas de seus diversos compostos fenólicos e outros constituintes.

Simple Summary A complete and exploratory landscape of developmental biology during mammalian organogenesis is needed to improve livestock production and contribute with comparative developmental studies in other relative species, including humans. Since transcriptome analysis is suitable to understand systemic context and genomic interactions, we evaluated the main transcriptional changes during overall organogenesis comparing fetal and embryonic stages through RNA-seq analysis, using the pig as model. The differentially expressed genes between pig fetuses and embryos highlight the main biological events and pathways required for primary organs and body structure development at the embryonic stage, the biological events and pathways related to growth and specialization of these organs at the fetal stage, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in embryonic to fetal transition. This exploratory transcriptional landscape contributes to improving our knowledge of the crucial biological events during normal prenatal development, which is relevant in prenatal programing studies as well as in livestock production. Abstract Since pre- and postnatal development are programmed during early prenatal life, studies addressing the complete transcriptional landscape during organogenesis are needed. Therefore, we aimed to disentangle differentially expressed (DE) genes between fetuses (at 35 days old) and embryos (at 25 days old) through RNA-sequencing analysis using the pig as model. In total, 1705 genes were DE, including the top DE IBSP, COL6A6, HBE1, HBZ, HBB, and NEUROD6 genes, which are associated with developmental transition from embryos to fetuses, such as ossification, skeletal muscle development, extracellular matrix organization, cardiovascular system, erythrocyte differentiation, and neuronal system. In pathway analysis, embryonic development highlighted those mainly related to morphogenic signaling and cell interactions, which are crucial for transcriptional control during the establishment of the main organs in early prenatal development, while pathways related to myogenesis, neuronal development, and cardiac and striated muscle contraction were enriched for fetal development, according to the greater complexity of organs and body structures at this developmental stage. Our findings provide an exploratory and informative transcriptional landscape of pig organogenesis, which might contribute to further studies addressing specific developmental events in pigs and in other mammals.

An increasing body of evidences has demonstrated the ability of the mature adipocyte to dedifferentiate into a population of proliferative-competent cells known as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. As early as the 1970s, in vitro studies showed that DFAT cells may be obtained by ceiling culture, which takes advantage of the buoyancy property of lipid-filled cells. It was documented that DFAT cells may acquire a phenotype similar to mesenchymal stem cells and yet may differentiate into multiple cell lineages, such as skeletal and smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Additionally, recent studies showed the ability of isolated mature adipocytes to dedifferentiate in vivo and the capacity of the progeny cells to redifferentiate into mature adipocytes, contributing to the increase of body fatness. These findings shed light on the potential for use of DFAT cells, not only for clinical purposes but also within the animal science field, because increasing intramuscular fat without excessive increase in other fat depots is a challenge in livestock production. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of DFAT cells will allow the development of strategies for their use for clinical and animal science purposes. In this review, we highlight several aspects of DFAT cells, their potential for clinical purposes, and their contribution to adipose tissue mass in livestock.

Background Feed efficiency is one of the most important parameters that affect beef production costs. The energy metabolism of skeletal muscle greatly contributes to variations in feed efficiency. However, information regarding differences in proteins involved in the energy metabolism of the skeletal muscle in beef cattle divergently identified for feed efficiency is scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate energy metabolism of skeletal muscle of Nellore beef cattle, identified for low and high residual feed intake using a proteomics approach. We further assessed the expression of candidate microRNAs as a one of the possible mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of the proteins involved in energy metabolism that were differentially abundant between high and low residual feed intake animals. Results A greater abundance of 14–3-3 protein epsilon (P = 0.01) was observed in skeletal muscle of residual feed intake (RFI) high animals (RFI-High). Conversely, a greater abundance of Heat Shock Protein Beta 1 (P

We aimed to evaluate apoptosis and myogenesis related genes expression in embryos and fetuses from two divergent genetic groups of pigs: Piau breed and a commercial line. Thirty females (15 Piau and 15 commercial line) were selected at 120 days of age. Estrous cycle was observed and on the third estrus females were considered sexually mature. Gilts were inseminated with semen from males of the respective breed. Three females from each breed were slaughtered at five different gestational ages: 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. Whole embryos (15 and 30 d) and samples of longissimus dorsi muscle from fetuses (45, 60 and 90 d) were collected for RNA extraction. Expression of apoptosis and myogenesis related genes (BAX, BCL2, FGF4, IHH, HHIP, SHH, SOX2, WNT1 and WNT4) were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. There was significant effect of interaction between breeds and gestational ages for all genes evaluated (P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) INCT-Nano-Biofarmaceutica The activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system modulates several metabolic pathways that contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. In this metabolic system, angiotensin II modulates heart morphophysiological changes triggered by a series of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses; however, the fine tuning associated with the control of this biochemical pathway remains unknown. Here, we investigated elements involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the pro-inflammatory environment in the H9c2 cardiac cell line, focusing on miRNA elements that modulate PTEN expression. A cellular model of investigation was established and the miR-315-5p was identified as a novel element targeting PTEN in this cardiac cell line, thereby controlling the protein level. This interconnected pathway contributes to the control of the pro-inflammatory environment in Ang II-treated cells. Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Nucleo Pesquisa Biol, Inst Ciencias Exatas & Biol, Lab Bioquim & Biol Mol, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, Lab Fisiol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol, Mol Biol Lab, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol, Mol Biol Lab, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: FAPESP-2009/07671-2 CNPq: 475586/2009-3

Expression of lipid metabolism and myosin heavy chain genes was evaluated in skeletal muscle of pig’s genotypes submitted to different dietary digestible lysine contents. Fifty-two barrows and fifty gilts from three genotypes (G: Piau, Duroc and Pietrain crossbreds) were assigned to three dietary digestible lysine contents (DL: Low, Medium and High). Ten genes were evaluated, being six involved with lipid metabolism: Fatty acid synthase (FAS), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), Protein kinase AMP-activated γ1 subunit (PRKAG1), Protein kinase AMP-activated γ3 subunit (PRKAG3), Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), Heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), and four in Myosin heavy chain: MyHC I, MyHC IIa, MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx. There were no G × DL interactions. The expression levels for FAS, SCD, PRKAG1, HFABP, MyHC IIb and MyHC IIa were affected by G (P

SUMMARYThe present study aimed to explore the molecular factors underlying differences in Calpain/Calpastatin proteolytic system in Nellore and Angus cattle. Longissimus muscle samples were collected in Nellore (n= 6; body weight (BW) = 373 ± 37·3 kg) and Angus (n= 6; BW = 383 ± 23·9 kg) cattle at slaughter for analysis of gene and protein expression, and Calpastatin enzyme activity. Additionally, the myofibrillar fragmentation index was used to quantify the extension of proteolysis in longissimus muscle samples. A greater myofibrillar fragmentation was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus compared with Nellore cattle. Conversely, no differences were found between breeds for mRNA expression of Calpain 1 (CAPN1) and Calpastatin (CAST). Similarly, no differences were observed for the abundance of Calpain and Calpastatin proteins between skeletal muscles of Nellore and Angus cattle. Despite the lack of differences in mRNA and protein abundance, a greater activity of Calpastatin was observed in skeletal muscle of Nellore compared with Angus cattle. These data indicate that the greater proteolysis in skeletal muscle of Angus compared with Nellore cattle is mainly driven by a greater Calpastatin activity rather than Calpain or Calpastatin mRNA and protein expression.

Comprehending mechanisms controlling corpus luteum (CL) angiogenesis and apoptosis in pregnant sows is essential to understand the physiological role of these processes in CL function, progesterone production and consequently in conceptus development and prenatal mortality. CL from 54 sows from two genetic groups, a commercial line (COM) and the local Piau breed (LPB), were obtained for gene expression (n = 3 COM; n = 6 LPB), histological and protein analysis (n = 3 COM; n = 3 LPB), divided in six gestational ages (seven, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days). We observed differences between gestational ages in CL morphology, in which the average number of blood vessels/capillaries at 90-days was greater than at the seventh day by Tukey test. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that apoptotic genes (BAX, BCL2 and CASP3) were differentially expressed between genetic groups and gestational ages in each group. Angiogenesis genes also presented differences between genetic groups (ANGPT1) and gestational ages (MMP9, VEGFA and ANGPT1). No differences in protein abundance of steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1 and HSD3B1) were observed. Our findings indicate that despite the differences in gene expression, differences in corpus luteum vascularization were observed only across gestational ages, with no dissimilarities between genetic groups.

This study investigated the effects of increased nutrient intake levels on prepubertal mammary parenchyma development in crossbreed (Holstein × Gyr) dairy heifers. Eighteen heifers age 3 to 4 mo were fed 1 of 3 nutrient intake levels (n = 6 per treatment) designed to sustain an average daily gain of 0.0 kg/d (maintenance, MA), 0.5 kg/d (low gain, LG), or 1.0 kg/d (high gain, HG). Serum blood samples collected on d 42 and 84 after a 12-h fast were analyzed for triglycerides, leptin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Liver and mammary parenchyma were biopsied on d 42 and harvested on d 84 for gene expression analysis. Parenchyma samples were also used for biochemical and histological analysis. Mammary parenchyma weight was lower in HG than in MA or LG heifers, but mammary extraparenchymal fat was greater in HG heifers than in other groups. Heifers fed the HG diet had a greater fraction of ether extract in their parenchyma than the others and a smaller fraction of crude protein in their parenchyma than MA heifers. Moreover, the HG and LG heifers had greater body fat mass than MA heifers. Nutrient intake level had no effect on the number of intraparenchymal adipocytes. Heifers fed the HG diet had greater serum IGF-1 than the others, and serum insulin was lower in the MA than the HG or LG heifers. Liver GHR, IGF1, and IGFBP3 mRNA expression was higher, but IGFBP2 mRNA was lower in HG heifers than in others. The parenchyma mRNA expression of lipogenic markers, such as CD36, ACCA, FASN, and ADIPOR1, was upregulated by nutrient intake level. Significant nutrient intake × time interactions for lipogenic genes during the experimental period indicated variable gene expression depending on the time point of prepubertal mammary gland development. Overall, our data suggest that enhancing nutrient intake increased body fat accumulation and lipogenesis in the mammary gland to the detriment of parenchyma growth. Moreover, increased lipogenesis in the parenchyma of HG heifers may indicate that fat accumulation occurred because of adipocyte hypertrophy and not differences in adipogenesis. The implications of these results for milk yield needs to be elucidated.

This study used qRT-PCR to examine variation in the expression of 13 myogenes during muscle development in four prenatal periods (21, 40, 70 and 90 days post-insemination) in commercial (the three-way Duroc, Landrace and Large-White cross) and local Piau pig breeds that differ in muscle mass. There was no variation in the expression of the CHD8, EID2B, HIF1AN, IKBKB, RSPO3, SOX7 and SUFU genes at the various prenatal ages or between breeds. The MAP2K1 and RBM24 genes showed similar expression between commercial and Piau pigs but greater expression (p < 0.05) in at least one prenatal period. Pair-wise comparisons of prenatal periods in each breed showed that only the CSRP3, LEF1, MRAS and MYOG genes had higher expression (p < 0.05) in at least one prenatal period in commercial and Piau pigs. Overall, these results identified the LEF1 gene as a primary candidate to account for differences in muscle mass between the pig breeds since activation of this gene may lead to greater myoblast fusion in the commercial breed compared to Piau pigs. Such fusion could explain the different muscularity between breeds in the postnatal periods.

This study investigated effects of maternal overnutrition on gonadal development and pituitary-gonadal gene expression in cattle fetuses at mid- and late-gestation. Twenty-seven multiparous dry cows were fed either high (ad libitum, H) or moderate (M) intake of the same diet. Twelve cows from H (n = 6) and M (n = 6) intake carrying females fetuses were euthanized at 199 and 268 d of gestation (DG; n = 3 for H or M on each DG). Fifteen cows from H (n = 6) and M intake (n = 9) carrying male fetuses were euthanized at 139, 199, and 241 DG (n = 2 for H and n = 3 for M on each DG). Fetal gonads and pituitary gland were sampled for gene expression and histological analyses. Sex-specific responses to maternal intake were observed. Primordial and total follicle numbers were lower in fetal ovaries from H than in M intake cows. These results were the reverse for preantral and antral follicles. Volumetric proportion and diameter of seminiferous cord were lower in fetal testis of H than M intake cows. The expression level of FSHB was greater in pituitary gland of the female fetus from H compared with M intake cows, irrespective of DG, whereas LHB gene expression did not differ. In males, FSHB and LHB gene expression levels were similar between maternal intake groups. Fetal ovarian expression of P450 aromatase, StAR, BMPR2, TGFBR1, GDF9, FSHR, Bax, and CASP3 genes were higher in H than in M intake cows, irrespective of DG. Fetal testicular expression of StAR, HSD17B3, IGF1, IGF2, and IGF1R genes was higher in M than in H intake cows. The differences in gene expression for steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and apoptosis may explain the distinct pattern of follicular growth between offspring of M and H intake cows. By contrast, the lower volumetric proportion, diameter, and length of seminiferous cord may relate to decreased gene expression in fetal testis from H intake cows. In conclusion, maternal H intake seems to affect fetal ovarian follicular growth and number of follicles, which may affect the size of ovarian reserve in their offspring. In male fetus, maternal H intake seems to disturb testicular development and may have implications on sperm production. The underlying mechanism of differential gene expression and the effect on offspring reproductive potential should be the focus of further research, especially considering larger sample size, reducing the chance for type I errors.

Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se um experimento com o objetivo de se encontrar alternativas de extensores que misturados com resina uréia formaldeido fornecessem propriedades e eficiência fornecida pelo trigo, que é o extensor comumente usado na indústria de compensado. Selecionou-se até 5 combinações de extensores que mostraram ótimas propriedades em termos de viscosidade, disponibilidade no mercado e preço acessível. Das combinações selecionadas e do trigo foram obtidos teor de cinzas e pH. Constatou-se que aquelas que possuíam 20% de farinha de mandioca + 80% de farinha de milho (MMi) e aquelas com 3~~ de farinha de mandioca + 7~~ de farinha de arroz (AM) apresentaram de maneira geral os melhores resultados. Com as 5 combinações selecionadas e o trigo foram produzidas misturas de cola com 3 variações no grau de extensão e foram determinados, a viscosidade e tempo de gelificação (vida útil). Constatou-se que os valores de viscosidade das misturas de cola que mais se aproximaram daquela que continha trigo foram as que continham mandioca/ milho (MMi) e mandioca/arroz (AM) em suas constituições. Observou-se que as mesmas misturas apresentaram os melhores tempos de gelificação (vida útil). Foi observado também que ocorreu um aumento na vida útil das misturas quando se processou um aumento no grau de extensão. Com as combinações de extensores e o trigo procedeu-se a confecção de compensados utilizando colas e realizou-se a avaliação da resistência ao cisalhamento por tração para verificar a qualidade da linha de cola e observou-se a porcentagem de falha na madeira. Foi verificado com relação à resistência ao cisalhamento por tração (ensaio seco) que somente MMiA (20% de farinha de mandioca + 20% de farinha de milho, mistura A) e TC -trigo (mistura C) variaram significativamente. Comprovou-se que o aumento no grau de extensão não provocou mudanças nos resultados. Foi observado que no ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento por tração (ensaio úmido), ocorreu uma maior variação entre as misturas. As misturas de cola que apresentaram melhores resultados quando comparadas com o trigo foram MMi ( 20% de farinha de mandioca + 80% de farinha de milho) e AM (30% de farinha de mandioca + 70% de farinha de Arroz). Foi consta tado que tanto no estado seco como úmido a mistura MMi apre sentou uma acentuada queda na resistência mecânica quando ocorreu um aumento no grau de extensão. Com relação a porcen tagem de falha na madeira (ensaio úmido) somente as misturas MBi (30% de farinha de mandioca + 70% de farinha de bata ta inglesa), PMS (4~~ de soja + 6~~ de polvilho de mandioca) e ABd (40% de farinha de arroz + 60% de farinha de batata doce) não se enquadraram no critério do Padrão PS -I -74.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-16T13:10:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Walmir da Silva Pereira.pdf: 4237049 bytes, checksum: d4b2677cc15a82d6c41d9cdaa52fccf8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-16T13:10:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walmir da Silva Pereira.pdf: 4237049 bytes, checksum: d4b2677cc15a82d6c41d9cdaa52fccf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-05 CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Este estudo se inscreve na confluência dos campos de pesquisa do Patrimônio Cultural e de uma “nova” História Indígena, focalizando a emergência e o vivo interesse dos Guarani Mbya em torno do patrimônio e do patrimônio cultural pelas coletividades indígenas que ocupam espaços territoriais no Rio Grande do Sul, sobretudo na última década do século XX e na primeira década do século XXI. Para os Guarani Mbya, conforme demonstra esse estudo, a atribuição de valor e a significação instituída às noções de patrimônio e patrimônio cultural encontram-se profundamente dependente do próprio processo de construção do conhecimento deste povo. No contexto do tempo presente, o trabalho corrobora que a produção de sentido atribuída ao conceito de patrimônio cultural, pelos Guarani Mbya, constitui-se dependente da razão mítica e dos alicerces cosmológicos que sustentam o modo de ser e estar no mundo indígena. This study is inscribed in the confluence of the research fields of cultural heritage and a “new” Indian History, focusing on the coming up and the interest of the Guarani Mbya about the heritage and cultural heritage of the indian groups who live in Rio Grande do Sul, especially in the last decade of 20th century and the first decade of 21st century. For the Guarani Mbya, as shown in this work, value attribution and the meaning attached to the concepts of heritage and cultural heritage depend on this people knowledge building process. Furthermore, our study shows that the meaning production given to the cultural patrimony by the Guarani Mbya depends on the mythical reason and on the cosmological basis that support the way of live in the Indian world.

Studies have shown that intramuscular adipogenesis and fibrogenesis may concomitantly occur in skeletal muscle of beef cattle. Thus, we hypothesized that the discrepancy of intramuscular fat content in beef from Nellore and Angus was associated with differences in intramuscular adipogenesis and fibrogenesis during the finishing phase. To test our hypothesis, longissimus muscle samples of Nellore (n = 6; BW = 372.5 ± 37.3 kg) and Angus (n = 6; BW = 382.8 ± 23.9 kg) cattle were collected for analysis of gene and protein expression, and quantification of intramuscular fat and collagen. Least-squares means were estimated for the effect of Breed and differences were considered at P ≤ 0.05. A greater intramuscular fat content was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus compared to Nellore cattle (P≤0.05). No differences were observed for mRNA expression of lipogenic and lipolytic markers ACC, FAS, FABP4, SERBP–1, CPT–2, LPL, and ACOX (P > 0.05) in skeletal muscle of Nellore and Angus cattle. Similarly, no differences were observed in mRNA expression of adipogenic markers Zfp423, PPARγ, and C/EBPα (P>0.05) However, a greater PPARγ protein content was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus compared to Nellore cattle (P≤0.05). A greater abundance of adipo/fibrogenic cells, evaluated by the PDGFRα content, was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus than Nellore cattle (P≤0.05). No differences in fibrogenesis were observed in skeletal muscle of Angus and Nellore cattle, which is in accordance with the lack of differences in intramuscular collagen content in beef from both breeds (P>0.05). These findings demonstrate that difference in intramuscular fat content is associated with a slightly enhanced adipogenesis in skeletal muscle of Angus compared to Nellore cattle, while no difference in fibrogenesis.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo das propriedades físico- mecânicas e das características anatômicas e químicas de 23 espécies de madeira. Estudou-se, também, a variabilidade das propriedades e características no sentido medula-casca. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a grande heterogeneidade dessas madeiras no sentido dos raios. Procurou-se com o uso da análise de agrupamento a definição de possíveis grupos, e foi possível destacar a madeira das espécies nativas da das exóticas, principalmente quando o agrupamento foi feito com as características anatômicas. Com os dados obtidos, foram feitas correlações entre as propriedades e características estudadas. As propriedades mecânicas apresentaram correlações significativas com várias características anatômicas e químicas, sendo em maior número com as dimensões de fibras e vasos. Procuraram-se ajustar modelos para estimar as propriedades mecânicas com base nas características anatômicas e químicas. Os modelos lineares desenvolvidos indicaram, em inúmeras situações, coeficientes de determinação elevados. Com relação às propriedades físicas, tanto as contrações radial e volumétrica quanto a densidade apresentaram modelos satisfatórios com as características estudadas. Observou-se que, além das dimensões relacionadas com fibras e vasos, outras características anatômicas, como proporção de células e dimensões de parênquimas axial e radial, foram importantes para o desenvolvimento dos modelos. Twenty three wood species, both exotic and native to Brazil, are described as to their chemical composition, anatomy and some of their physical and mechanical properties. The variability of these properties in the bark-to-pith direction is also reported. The results indicated that all of the species showed some degree of heterogeneity in the radial direction. Cluster analysis can segregate these species in groups; most important is the differentiation between native and exotic species, when anatomical characteristics are used as grouping variables. The correlation between the properties was also studied. Mechanical properties were found to be significantly related to several other variables, specially anatomical characteristics such as fiber and vessel dimensions. Regression models that used anatomical parameters and percentage of chemical components as predictors were developed to estimate mechanical properties; some of the coefficients of determination were very high. Models were also derived to predict physical properties such as specific gravity and shrinkage using information on wood anatomy and chemical composition. Anatomical features other than fiber and vessel dimensions, such as tissue proportions and size of axial and radial parenchyma, were frequently necessary and added to the models to reduce prediction errors.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas

Submitted by DHARA CARLESSO ZAMPIVA (dhara.zampiva@univates.br) on 2018-08-06T17:32:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2018FabianedaSilvaPrestes.pdf: 4187236 bytes, checksum: 48e22b9a70ad89c42b988a74a383e8fe (MD5) Rejected by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br), reason: Inserir o Lattes do autor. on 2018-09-11T18:15:50Z (GMT) Submitted by DHARA CARLESSO ZAMPIVA (dhara.zampiva@univates.br) on 2018-09-11T18:43:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2018FabianedaSilvaPrestes.pdf: 4187236 bytes, checksum: 48e22b9a70ad89c42b988a74a383e8fe (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2018-10-02T17:41:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2018FabianedaSilvaPrestes.pdf: 4187236 bytes, checksum: 48e22b9a70ad89c42b988a74a383e8fe (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T17:41:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2018FabianedaSilvaPrestes.pdf: 4187236 bytes, checksum: 48e22b9a70ad89c42b988a74a383e8fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-06 CAPES Esta tese discute sobre o reconhecimento dos saberes tradicionais indígenas que orientam o modo de ser desses povos desde os tempos de Abya Yala, ou seja, antes da colonização da América, e como se perpetuou até sua positivação pelo Novo Constitucionalismo da América Latina e a incorporação do Buen Vivir, uma nova teoria fundamentada em antigas tradições. Assim, o problema que esta tese busca responder é: Quais as conexões existentes entre os princípios do Buen Vivir e os saberes tradicionais indígenas que orientam o modo de ser Kaingang em territórios da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, Caí e Sinos? Portanto, a tese proposta é que: se em tempos mais remotos, os povos ameríndios conviviam em Abya Yala, uma terra sem males, e os antepassados dos Kaingang, igualmente, habitaram este continente. Estes ancestrais vivenciaram práticas que priorizam a cultura da vida, conectadas por sua vez com a sustentabilidade, identidade e cosmologia. Desse modo, acredita-se que os princípios que orientam o modo de ser Kaingang, em especial, aqueles aqui pesquisados, guardam afinidades com os princípios do Buen Vivir. O objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em analisar as conexões entre os princípios da teoria do Buen Vivir com os saberes tradicionais indígenas que orientam o modo de ser Kaingang em territórios da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, Caí e Sinos. Este estudo foi proposto com base em fontes bibliográficas, e em fontes documentais que se encontram no Ministério Público Federal de Lajeado e Novo Hamburgo e na Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida nas Terras Indígenas: Jamã Tÿ Tãnh,em Estrela, Foxá, em Lajeado, Pó Mág, em Tabaí, Pã Nónh Mág e Ká Mág, em Farorupilha, e Por Fi Gâ, em São Leopoldo, sendo estes espaços localizados em territórios da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, Caí e Sinos, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, já que, tem como objetivo investigar traços culturais, atitudes, percepções, motivações e modo de vida do povo Kaingang, o qual representa o objeto de estudo. Ademais foi realizada pesquisa de campo, com o uso das técnicas de observação participante e entrevista. O método da História Oral foi utilizado para a aplicação das entrevistas. Foram realizadas 163 saídas de campo e 24 entrevistas, envolvendo indígenas e não indígenas. A pesquisa teve como aportes teóricos para análise, estudos sobre cultura e identidade, cosmologia e natureza, direitos humanos e desenvolvimento e que a partir da apreciação do modo de ser Kaingang e suas relações com o ambiente, possibilitou constatar um movimento contra hegemônico de desenvolvimento. Por fim, a partir das aproximações entre os princípios norteadores da teoria do Buen Vivir e o modo de ser do Kaingang, confirma-se a Tese proposta, já que também constatou-se que os Kaingang vivenciam práticas que priorizam a cultura da vida, conectadas por sua vez com a sustentabilidade (ambiental e econômica), identidade e cosmologia. Desse modo, afirma-se que os princípios que orientam o modo de ser dos Kaingang em territórios da Bacia Hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, Caí e Sinos, guardam afinidades com os princípios do Buen Vivir. This thesis discusses the recognition of indigenous traditional knowledge that guides the way these peoples have been since the days of Abya Yala, that is, before the colonization of America, and how it was perpetuated until its positivation by the New Constitutionalism of Latin America and the incorporation of Buen Vivir, a new theory based on ancient traditions. Thus, the problem that this thesis seeks to answer is: What are the connections between the principles of Buen Vivir and the indigenous traditional knowledge that guide the way of being Kaingang in territories of the Taquari-Antas, Caí and Sinos Hydrographic Basin? Therefore, the proposal is: in more remote times, the Amerindian people convivium in Abya Yala, a land without evils, and the ancestors of the Kaingang, also, inhabited this continent. These ancestors lived practices that prioritize the culture of life, in turn connect with sustainability, identity and cosmology. In this way, it is believed that the principles that guide the way of acting are, in particular, those researched here, they maintain affinities with the principles of Buen Vivir. The objective of the research consisted in analyzing as options between the principles of the Taquari-Antas, Caí and Sinos Hydrographic Basin. This study was proposed based on bibliographic sources and documental sources that are in the Federal Public Ministry of Lajeado and Novo Hamburgo and at the State Secretariat of Education of Rio Grande do Sul. Field research was carried out in the Indigenous Lands: Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, Estrela, Foxá, Lajeado, Pó Mág, Tabaí, Pã Nónh Mág and Ká Mág, in Farorupilha, and Por Fi Gâ, in São Leopoldo. located in territories of the Taquari-Antas, Caí and Sinos Hydrographic Basin, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul / Brazil. It is a qualitative research, since, it aims to investigate cultural traits, attitudes, perceptions, motivations and way of life of the Kaingang people, which represents the object of study. In addition, field research was conducted using participant observation and interview techniques. The Oral History method was used to apply the interviews. There were 163 field trips and 24 interviews, involving indigenous and non-indigenous people. The research had as theoretical contributions for analysis, studies on culture and identity, cosmology and nature human rights and development and that, from the appreciation of the Kaingang way of being and its relations with the environment, made it possible to verify a movement against hegemonic development. Finally, from the approximations between the guiding principles of the theory of Buen Vivir and the way of being of the Kaingang, the proposed thesis is confirmed, since it was also verified that the Kaingang experience practices that prioritize the culture of life, connected in turn with sustainability (environmental and economic), identity and cosmology. Thus, it is stated that the principles that guide the way of being of the Kaingang in territories of the Basin Taquari-Antas, Caí and Sinos, maintain affinities with the principles of Buen Vivir.

Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2016-09-01T17:20:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015EmeliLappe.pdf: 3042207 bytes, checksum: 9bc3e8f7f3f6680dcbdc195f75337e77 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2016-09-05T19:33:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015EmeliLappe.pdf: 3042207 bytes, checksum: 9bc3e8f7f3f6680dcbdc195f75337e77 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T19:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015EmeliLappe.pdf: 3042207 bytes, checksum: 9bc3e8f7f3f6680dcbdc195f75337e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09 Atualmente falamos da valorização dos saberes tradicionais indígenas, os quais devem ser incorporados aos saberes não indígenas. Levando em conta esta consideração e estabelecendo como recorte espacial uma Terra indígena urbana no vale do Taquari e outra no vale do Sinos, o presente estudo objetiva identificar a importância das espacialidades sociais e territoriais para os indígenas Kaingang localizados em áreas urbanas dos rios Taquari-Antas e Sinos e o seu modo próprio de territorializações. A pesquisa foi realizada com base em levantamento e análise bibliográfica de livros, ensaios, artigos e dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado, bem como no levantamento e análise de fontes documentais que se encontram no Ministério Público Federal de Lajeado e de Novo Hamburgo, Prefeitura Municipal de Lajeado e de São Leopoldo e da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Informamos também que foi utilizado o método da história oral para realização de entrevistas, elaboração de diários de campo e registros fotográficos durante as pesquisas com os Kaingang das Terras Indígenas Foxá/Lajeado e Por Fi Gâ/São Leopoldo. Portanto, a pesquisa analisou as espacialidades sociais e territoriais a partir de um olhar etnohistórico na intenção de conhecer a perspectiva Kaingang destas espacialidades, com o intuito de compreender as escolhas feitas pelas coletividades Kaingang no sentido da continuidade dos seus costumes, crenças e rituais no processo de contato com a sociedade não indígena. Nowadays, we talk about the value of the traditional indigenous knowledge, which should be incorporated into the non indigenous knowledge. Taking this into consideration and establishing as a spatial area an urban indigenous land in Taquari valley and another one in Sinos valley, this study aims to identify the importance of social and territorial spatialities to the indigenous people Kaingang located in urban areas of the rivers Taquari-Antas and Sinos and their own way of territorializations. The research was conducted based on literature reviews of books, essays, articles and master's and doctoral theses, as well as analysis of documentary sources that are held at the Public Prosecutor's Offices of Lajeado and Novo Hamburgo, at the City Halls of Lajeado and São Leopoldo and at the Department of Education of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. We also inform that it was used the method of oral history for the interviews, the preparation of field diaries and photographic records during the research with the Kaingangs from the Indigenous Lands Foxá / Lajeado and Por Fi Gâ / São Leopoldo. Therefore, the research analyzed the social and territorial spatialities from an ethnohistorical point-of-view aiming to know the Kaingang perspective about these spatialities in order to understand the choices made by the Kaingang communities towards the continuity of their customs, beliefs and rituals in the process of getting in contact with the non-indigenous society.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-30T17:40:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Bernardo Silva dos Santos.pdf: 5740407 bytes, checksum: da57bdcc9bcb7035b8017bd01fde1851 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T17:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Bernardo Silva dos Santos.pdf: 5740407 bytes, checksum: da57bdcc9bcb7035b8017bd01fde1851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Esta tese tem como temática os processos de identidade dos indígenas trabalhadores na construção civil na cidade de Boa Vista- RR. O trabalho se desdobrou a partir da problematização, enfocando os elementos perceptíveis e constatados no que se refere aos povos indígenas e à cidade. Buscou-se justificar este arranjo mediante as experiências vivenciadas como docente e participação nos movimentos sociais dos indígenas. O objetivo principal da pesquisa visou entender a questão identitária do indígena na cidade a partir das interações sociais. Neste processo, refletiu-se sobre a identidade étnica e a identidade política. O seu recorte metodológico se constitui a partir da abordagem qualitativa seguida pela prática etnográfica no campo empírico à luz das leituras de Clifford Geertz e Malinowski, e nesta perspectiva, foi utilizado o diário de campo como instrumento de pesquisa de maior relevância, no qual são descritas situações ouvidas e práticas cotidianas recortadas nos canteiros de obra. Através das observações concomitantes aos relatos orais, foram constatados elementos apontados nas ancestralidades que consistem no universo cultural, configurado principalmente pelas cosmologias, as quais permanecem em suas vivências na cidade. Foram utilizadas entrevistas com nove atores indígenas trabalhadores, entre eles, ajudantes de pedreiro, pedreiros e mestres de obras e, além deles, buscaram-se informações com atores que são os coadjuvantes, os quais contribuíram nas informações pontuais para o desenvolvimento investigativo. As leituras das imagens capturadas nas obras e demais espaços proporcionaram registrar situações diversas, principalmente durante a jornada de trabalho. Em sequência, aporta-se à análise do espaço citadino na vida dos povos indígenas perante os processos de exploração destes no mundo do trabalho. O corpo da pesquisa está compreendido por quatro seções, seguido pela síntese histórica do processo da mão de obra dos povos indígenas, desde o período da colônia e Império no norte amazônico até a região do rio Branco, hoje Roraima, o encontro entre os atores índios e o Estado: os processos de identidade para além das paredes de alvenarias na cidade, percepções sobre os povos indígenas na cidade: as vivências em Boa Vista - Roraima e indígenas trabalhadores na construção civil em Boa Vista - Roraima: um recorte etnográfico do contexto espacial, dos saberes e crenças no mundo do trabalho. Considerou-se que a tese se firma a partir da ideia de processo de identidade dos índios trabalhadores da construção civil. The theme of this thesis is The Identity Processes of the indigenous construction workers in the city of Boa Vista, RR. The work unfolded from the questioning, focusing on the perceived and observed elements regarding to both indigenous peoples and city. We sought to justify this arrangement by the experiences as a teacher and participation in social movements of indigenous peoples. The main objective of the research aimed to understand the issue of indigenous identity in the city from the social interactions. In this process we were able to reflect on ethnic identity and political identity. Its methodological approach is constituted from the qualitative approach followed by ethnographic practice in the light of empirical readings in the resources found in Clifford Geertz and Malinowski, and from this perspective, the field diary was used as a research instrument of greater relevance, which are described after hearing situations and everyday practices observed at the construction sites. Through the concomitant oral reports observations, elements pointed in the ancestries that comprise the cultural universe were found, set mainly by cosmologies, which remain in their experiences in the city. We interviewed nine indigenous workers, among them, helpers mason, masons and master builders, and besides them we searched for information with supporting actors, which contributed with specific information for the investigative development. The readings of the captured images at the work sites and at other spaces allowed us to register various situations, especially during the workday. Then we point the analysis of city space in the lives of indigenous peoples before the exploitation processes of these people in the labor world. The body of the research is divided into four chapters, followed by the synthesis of the historical process of the labor of the indigenous peoples, since the period of colony and empire in the northern Amazon region to the Rio Branco region, known as Roraima nowadays, the encounter between indigenous actors and the state: the processes of identity beyond the walls of the city, perceptions of indigenous peoples in the city: the experiences in Boa Vista, Roraima and Indian construction workers in Boa Vista, Roraima: an ethnographic spatial context, knowledge and beliefs in the labor world. We have considered that the thesis is based on the idea of the identity process of the indigenous construction workers.