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Heart transplant patients have an increased risk of developing cancer. Patients who underwent HTx between 1985 and 2017 were included. Detection of cancer was obtained by cross-checking the study population with the Swedish Cancer-Registry and the Cause-of-Death-Registry. A total of 664 patients were followed for a median of 7.7 years. In all, 231 malignancies were diagnosed in 138 patients. Compared to the general population the excess risk of cancer following HTx was 6.2-fold calculated as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 2.9-fold after exclusion of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The most common malignancies were NMSC, non-Hodgins lymphoma, and lung cancer. There was no significant difference in overall survival between those with and without a history of cancer before HTx (p = 0.53). During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 19% of HTx recipients developed cancer, 6.2-fold higher relative to the general population, and 2.9-fold higher when excluding NMSC. Risk factors for malignancies (excluding NMSC) included previous smoking, hypertension and prolonged ischemic time; and for NMSC, increasing age, seronegative CMV-donors, and azathioprine. A previous cancer in selected recipients results in similar survival compared to those without cancer prior to HTx.

Lung transplantation (LTx) is a well-known treatment for end-stage lung disease. This study aimed to report the incidence of cancer after LTx and long-term outcome among lung transplant recipients with a pretransplant diagnosis of cancer. Patients who underwent LTx between 1990–2016 were included in the study. Detection of cancer was obtained by cross-checking the study population with the Swedish Cancer Registry and the Cause-of-Death registry. A total of 614 patients were followed for a median of 5.1 years. In all, 159 malignancies were diagnosed. The excess risk of cancer or standardized incidence ratio (SIR) following LTx was 5.6-fold compared to the general Swedish population. The most common malignancies were non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (SIR 76.5 (95%CI 61.7–94.8); non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 23.5, 95%CI 14.8–37.2); and lung cancer (SIR 8.89, 95%CI 5.67–13.9). There was no significant difference in overall survival between those with and without a history of cancer before LTx (p = 0.56). In total, 159 malignancies were identified after LTx, which was a 5.6-fold higher relative to the general population. A history of previous cancer yields similar survival in selected recipients, compared to those without cancer prior to LTx.

Introduction Ischaemic cold static storage (ICSS) is the gold standard in donor heart preservation. This ischaemic time frame renders a time constraint and risk for primary graft dysfunction. Cold oxygenated heart perfusion, known as non-ischaemic heart preservation (NIHP), theoretically limits the ischaemic time, while holding on to the known advantage of hypothermia and cardioplegia, a low metabolic rate.Methods and analysis The NIHP 2019 study is an international, randomised, controlled, open, multicentre clinical trial in 15 heart transplantation centres in 8 European countries and includes 202 patients undergoing heart transplantation, allocated 1:1 to NIHP or ICSS. Enrolment is estimated to be 30 months after study initiation. The patients are followed for 12 months after transplantation.The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of NIHP on survival, allograft function and rejection episodes within the first 30 days after transplantation. The secondary objectives are to compare treatment groups with respect to survival, allograft function, cardiac biomarkers, rejection episodes, allograft vasculopathy, adverse events and adverse device effects within 12 months.Ethics and dissemination This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee (EC) for Research UZ/KU Leuven, Belgium, the coordinating EC in Germany (Bei Der LMU München), the coordinating EC in the UK (West Midlands—South Birmingham Research), the EC of Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain, the EC of Göteborg, Sweden, the coordinating EC in France, the EC of Padova, Italy and the EC of the University of Vienna, Austria. This study will be conducted in accordance with current local regulations and international applicable regulatory requirements according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and ISO14155:2020. Main primary and secondary outcomes will be published on modified intention-to-treat population and per-protocol population.Trial registration number NCT03991923.

Sociologförbundet har ordet Vi gratulerar en vital 60-åring! Det är tid att ropa hurra och säga stort och varmt grattis! I år publiceras nämligen årgång 60 av Sociologisk Forskning, en sannerligen aktningsvärd ålder. Under årens lopp har tidskriften publicerat aktuell sociologisk forskning och inspirerande och viktiga debatter som legat till grund för nya analyser och tolkningar av historiska och samtida sociologiska fenomen. Sociologisk Forskning utgör på många sätt ett levande arkiv över svensk sociologisk forskning, dess utveckling, dess problemområden, dess utövare och dess teoretiska tendenser och influenser. För den intresserade finns tidskriftens alla nummer sedan 1993 att läsa på hemsidan (https://www.sociologiskforskning.se/). Övriga nummer kan med fördel läsas i en fåtölj på närmaste universitetsbibliotek eller på många av landets stadsbibliotek. Det finns ett hundratal sociologiska tidskrifter på engelska men bara en på svenska. Det är logiskt och inte särskilt anmärkningsvärt, eftersom svenska förstås av drygt tio miljoner människor, i bästa fall ytterligare några miljoner om man räknar med våra nordiska grannar. Antalet potentiella läsare är alltså få vid en jämförelse med andra språk, inte minst engelskan, som vare sig vi vill det eller ej är vår tids lingua franca. Vi menar dock att det fortfarande är mycket viktigt att behålla en sociologisk tidskrift med ett särskilt fokus på svenska och nordiska samhällsförhållanden där det huvudsakliga språket är svenska. För omkring tio år sen diskuterade Sociologförbundets styrelse Sociologisk Forsknings framtida öde. I diskussionen luftades tanken att tidskriften var alltför liten och obetydlig och att det i internationaliseringstider inte fanns tillräckligt med forskare som ville skriva på svenska. Emellertid beslutades att behålla tidskriften, men i digitaliserad form. Det var tur! Den finns i dag indexerad i de största internationella vetenskapliga online-registren, med en etta i det för svensk forskning viktiga Norska FRIDA-registret. Alla artiklar publiceras med öppen tillgång och man kan skriva såväl på svenska som på danska, norska och engelska. Att det inte längre är aktuellt att driva frågan om att lägga ner tidskriften kan ses som ett tecken på att den fyller en viktig funktion. Det finns flera anledningar till detta. Många framstående svenska sociologer har publicerat sig i Sociologisk Forskning, och både juniora och seniora forskare fortsätter att skicka in artiklar av hög kvalitet. Den höga kvaliteten synliggörs bland annat i samband med att Segerstedtpriset för bästa artikel delas ut på Sociologidagarna. Dessutom innebär möjligheten att publicera sig på svenska vissa fördelar, då vi slipper att lägga en sida eller två på att förklara kontext och relevans för en internationell publik. Förutom att man då får mer plats för det som är viktigt, till exempel själva analysen, upptäcker många att det vetenskapliga skrivandet blir lättare och till och med mer kreativt. Det går att leka med språket, att formulera metaforer eller att uttrycka sig mer precist och noggrant. Det finns också̊ ett populärvetenskapligt värde i att kunna erbjuda de senaste sociologiska rönen på svenska. Svenska är förvisso inte det enda talade språket i Sverige och inte heller modersmål för alla, men för många svenskar med annan etnisk bakgrund är svenska det viktigaste andraspråket före engelskan. Sociologiska termer och begrepp kan i och för sig utgöra en barriär för icke-sociologer, men många av dessa termer och begrepp har ändå genom åren blivit allmängods och betydelsefulla för samhällets självförståelse (till exempel normer, social struktur, social interaktion, socialt arv, maktordningar, genus och könsroller, intersektionalitet och så vidare). Tillgänglighet och spridning av sociologisk forskning påverkas också av medier, journalistik och politik. I dag är exempelvis ekonomiska, psykologiska och biomedikaliserade perspektiv på människors beteende och samhälleliga processer mer förekommande i samhällsdebatten än de sociologiska. Men inget av dessa perspektiv kan som sociologin ge människor makt och verktyg att begripliggöra sin samtid. Vår förhoppning är därför att sociologisk kunskap (återigen) ska få en mer framträdande position i samhällsdebatten, och vi menar att Sociologisk Forskning borde utgöra en viktig plattform i en sådan utveckling. Vår forskning utgör vidare ett viktigt redskap i vårt undervisningsuppdrag. För att nå ut till potentiella framtida svenska sociologer krävs en sociologiundervisning som berör. I detta sammanhang vill vi slå ytterligare ett slag för vår tidskrift: den utgör nämligen en viktig länk mellan vår forskning och studenter och allmänhet. Här tillgängliggörs aktuell sociologisk forskning på svenska som både berör och manar till vidare debatt och analys. Att publicera sig i Sociologisk Forskning innebär således att ens forskning blir läst, analyserad och diskuterad av nyfikna studenter runt om i landet! I dag finns också lyckligtvis sociologi som ämne i gymnasieskolan, och för såväl lärare som elever är det ovärderligt med direkt tillgång till den senaste forskningen på svenska. Doktorander, disputerade, juniora och seniora forskare bör därför se en artikel publicerad i Sociologisk Forskning som en fjäder i hatten och ett slag för det fortsatta bevarandet av möjligheten att förmedla sin forskning på svenska och sprida aktuell sociologi till en intresserad allmänhet i Sverige. Vi vill också påminna er alla om de kommande Sociologidagarna, som nästa gång hålls mellan den 13 och 15 mars 2024 i Göteborg. Institutionen för sociologi och arbetsvetenskap står som arrangörer och temat för konferensen är ”Övergång eller undergång” (Transition or Perdition). Temat syftar till att fånga det samtida tillståndet med parallella och till stor del sammankopplade kriser världen över, bland annat klimatkris, krig, ökad polarisering, skenande socioekonomiska klyftor och en generell tillbakagång för demokratier och mänskliga rättigheter. Samtidigt belyser temat pågående och omvälvande förändringsprocesser – i Sverige och i världen – vad avser allt från teknologi till arbetsmarknad och politik, liksom de möjligheter till samhällsförändring som kan avstyra krisernas värsta effekter. Dessa kriser tenderar också̊ att samverka med varandra, och med befintliga maktordningar, och ger på så sätt också olika utfall för olika samhällsgrupper. Övergång eller undergång kan också översättas till individers situation, exempelvis förutsättningarna för de många människor som hotas av personlig undergång om de inte migrerar till länder som erbjuder en tryggare situation. Att hantera dessa frågor är en särskild utmaning i dagens splittrade samhällen, där själva definitionerna och uppfattningarna om vad som utgör verkliga hot och önskvärda åtgärder skiljer sig drastiskt åt. Vi ser fram emot att diskutera och debattera den senaste sociologiska forskningen på detta breda tema i Göteborg och hoppas så klart på bred uppslutning! Anmälan öppnar i mitten av november. Innan dess kan ni givetvis skicka in era abstracts/bidrag till arbetsgruppskoordinatörerna. Som representanter för Sveriges Sociologförbunds styrelse skickar vi med dessa avslutande rader många varma och hjärtliga gratulationer till vår stolta jubilar. Må de kommande sextio åren bli lika idérika, inspirerande och utmanande som de första! Åsa Lundqvist, Åsa Wettergren och Ylva Wallinder Ps. På förbundets hemsida finns flera bra referenser för den som vill läsa mer om Sveriges Sociologförbunds och Sociologisk Forsknings historia: https://www.sverigessociologforbund.se/historik

Lung transplantation (LTx) is a well-known treatment for end-stage lung disease. This study aimed to report the incidence of cancer after LTx and long-term outcome among lung transplant recipients with a pretransplant diagnosis of cancer. Patients who underwent LTx between 1990–2016 were included in the study. Detection of cancer was obtained by cross-checking the study population with the Swedish Cancer Registry and the Cause-of-Death registry. A total of 614 patients were followed for a median of 5.1 years. In all, 159 malignancies were diagnosed. The excess risk of cancer or standardized incidence ratio (SIR) following LTx was 5.6-fold compared to the general Swedish population. The most common malignancies were non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (SIR 76.5 (95%CI 61.7–94.8); non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR 23.5, 95%CI 14.8–37.2); and lung cancer (SIR 8.89, 95%CI 5.67–13.9). There was no significant difference in overall survival between those with and without a history of cancer before LTx (p = 0.56). In total, 159 malignancies were identified after LTx, which was a 5.6-fold higher relative to the general population. A history of previous cancer yields similar survival in selected recipients, compared to those without cancer prior to LTx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart transplant patients have an increased risk of developing cancer. Patients who underwent HTx between 1985 and 2017 were included. Detection of cancer was obtained by cross-checking the study population with the Swedish Cancer-Registry and the Causeof-Death-Registry. A total of 664 patients were followed for a median of 7.7 years. In all, 231 malignancies were diagnosed in 138 patients. Compared to the general population the excess risk of cancer following HTx was 6.2-fold calculated as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 2.9-fold after exclusion of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The most common malignancies were NMSC, non-Hodgins lymphoma, and lung cancer. There was no significant difference in overall survival between those with and without a history of cancer before HTx (p = 0.53). During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 19% of HTx recipients developed cancer, 6.2-fold higher relative to the general population, and 2.9-fold higher when excluding NMSC. Risk factors for malignancies (excluding NMSC) included previous smoking, hypertension and prolonged ischemic time; and for NMSC, increasing age, seronegative CMV-donors, and azathioprine. A previous cancer in selected recipients results in similar survival compared to those without cancer prior to HTx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac surgery produces dorso-basal atelectasis and ventilation/perfusion mismatch, associated with infection and prolonged intensive care. A postoperative lung volume recruitment manoeuvre to decrease the degree of atelectasis is routine. In patients with severe respiratory failure, prone positioning and recruitment manoeuvres may increase survival, oxygenation, or both. We compared the effects of lung recruitment in prone vs supine positions on dorsal inspiratory and end-expiratory lung aeration. Methods: In a prospective RCT, 30 post-cardiac surgery patients were randomly allocated to recruitment manoeuvres in the prone (n=15) or supine position (n=15). The primary endpoints were late dorsal inspiratory volume (arbitrary units [a.u.]) and left/right dorsal end-expiratory lung volume change (a.u.), prone vs supine after extubation, measured using electrical impedance tomography. Secondary outcomes included left/right dorsal inspiratory volumes (a.u.) and left/right dorsal end-expiratory lung volume change (a.u.) after prone recruitment and extubation. Results: The last part of dorsal end-inspiratory volume after extubation was higher after prone (49.1 a.u.; 95% confidence interval [CI], 37.4–60.6) vs supine recruitment (24.2 a.u.; 95% CI, 18.4–29.6; P=0.024). Improvement in left dorsal end-expiratory lung volume after extubation was higher after prone (382 a.u.; 95% CI, 261–502) vs supine recruitment (–71 a.u., 95% CI, –140 to –2; n=15; P

Abstract As the use of engineered nanomaterials increases, so does the risk of them spreading to natural ecosystems. Hitherto, knowledge regarding the toxic properties of nanoparticles (NP’s) and their potential interactions with natural bio-organic molecules adsorbed to them, and thereby forming surface coronas, is limited. However, we show here that the toxic effect of NPs of tungsten carbide cobalt (WC–Co) and cobalt (Co) on the crustacean Daphnia magna is postponed in the presence of natural biological degradation products (eco-corona biomolecules). For Daphnia exposed to WC–Co NPs the survival time increased with 20–25% and for Co NPs with 30–47% after mixing the particles with a solution of eco-corona biomolecules before exposure. This suggests that an eco-corona, composed of biomolecules always present in natural ecosystems, reduces the toxic potency of both studied NPs. Further, the eco-coronas did not affect the particle uptake, suggesting that the reduction in toxicity was related to the particle-organism interaction after eco-corona formation. In a broader context, this implies that although the increasing use and production of NPs may constitute a novel, global environmental threat, the acute toxicity and long-term effects of some NPs will, at least under certain conditions, be reduced as they enter natural ecosystems.

Objectives: The aim was to describe the patients’ experience of undergoing prostatic artery embolization. Methods: A retrospective qualitative interview study was undertaken with 15 patients of mean age 73 years who had undergone prostatic artery embolization with a median duration of 210 min at two medium sized hospitals in Sweden. The reasons for conducting prostatic artery embolization were clean intermittent catheterization (n = 4), lower urinary tract symptoms (n = 10) or haematuria (n = 1). Data were collected through individual, semi-structured telephone interviews 1–12 months after treatment and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories with sub-categories were formulated to describe the results: a diverse experience; ability to control the situation; resumption of everyday activities and range of opinions regarding efficacy of outcomes. Overall, the patients described the procedure as painless, easy and interesting and reported that while the procedure can be stressful, a calm atmosphere contributed to achieving a good experience. Limitations on access to reliable information before, during and after the procedure were highlighted as a major issue. Practical ideas for improving patient comfort during the procedure were suggested. Improved communications between treatment staff and patients were also highlighted. Most patients could resume everyday activities, some felt tired and bruising caused unnecessary worry for a few. Regarding functional outcome, some patients described substantial improvement in urine flow while others were satisfied with regaining undisturbed night sleep. Those with less effect were considering transurethral resection of the prostate as a future option. Self-enrolment to the treatment and long median operation time may have influenced the results. Conclusions: From the patients’ perspective, prostatic artery embolization is a well-tolerated method for treating benign prostate hyperplacia.

Hazard classification of metal alloys is today generally based on their bulk content, an approach that seldom reflects the extent of metal release for a given environment. Such information can instead be achieved via bioelution testing under simulated physiological conditions. The use of bioelution data instead of bulk contents would hence refine the current hazard classification of alloys and enable grouping. Bioelution data have been generated for nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) released from several stainless steel grades, one low-alloyed steel, and Ni and Co metals in synthetic sweat, saliva and gastric fluid, for exposure periods from 2 to 168 h. All stainless steel grades with bulk contents of 0.11–10 wt% Ni and 0.019–0.24 wt% Co released lower amounts of Ni (up to 400-fold) and Co (up to 300-fold) than did the low-alloyed steel (bulk content: 0.034% Ni, 0.015% Co). They further showed a relative bioaccessibility of Ni and Co considerably less than 1, while the opposite was the case for the low-alloyed steel. Surface oxide- and electrochemical corrosion investigations explained these findings in terms of the high passivity of the stainless steels related to the Cr(III)-rich surface oxide that readily adapted to the fluid acidity and chemistry.

Metal-based high-touch surfaces used for indoor applications such as doorknobs, light switches, handles and desks need to remain their antimicrobial properties even when tarnished or degraded. A novel laboratory methodology of relevance for indoor atmospheric conditions and fingerprint contact has therefore been elaborated for combined studies of both tarnishing/corrosion and antimicrobial properties of such high-touch surfaces. Cu metal was used as a benchmark material. The protocol includes pre-tarnishing/corrosion of the high touch surface for different time periods in a climatic chamber at repeated dry/wet conditions and artificial sweat deposition followed by the introduction of bacteria onto the surfaces via artificial sweat droplets. This methodology provides a more realistic and reproducible approach compared with other reported procedures to determine the antimicrobial efficiency of high-touch surfaces. It provides further a possibility to link the antimicrobial characteristics to physical and chemical properties such as surface composition, chemical reactivity, tarnishing/corrosion, surface roughness and surface wettability. The results elucidate that bacteria interactions as well as differences in extent of tarnishing can alter the physical properties (e.g. surface wettability, surface roughness) as well as the extent of metal release. The results clearly elucidate the importance to consider changes in chemical and physical properties of indoor hygiene surfaces when assessing their antimicrobial properties.

Abstract Background Genotoxicity is an important toxicological endpoint due to the link to diseases such as cancer. Therefore, an increased understanding regarding genotoxicity and underlying mechanisms is needed for assessing the risk with exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth investigation regarding the genotoxicity of well-characterized Ni and NiO NPs in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and to discern possible mechanisms. Comparisons were made with NiCl2 in order to elucidate effects of ionic Ni. Methods BEAS-2B cells were exposed to Ni and NiO NPs, as well as NiCl2, and uptake and cellular dose were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The NPs were characterized in terms of surface composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), agglomeration (photon cross correlation spectroscopy) and nickel release in cell medium (ICP-MS). Cell death (necrosis/apoptosis) was investigated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and genotoxicity by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (cytome) assay (OECD 487), chromosomal aberration (OECD 473) and comet assay. The involvement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium was explored using the fluorescent probes, DCFH-DA and Fluo-4. Results NPs were efficiently taken up by the BEAS-2B cells. In contrast, no or minor uptake was observed for ionic Ni from NiCl2. Despite differences in uptake, all exposures (NiO, Ni NPs and NiCl2) caused chromosomal damage. Furthermore, NiO NPs were most potent in causing DNA strand breaks and generating intracellular ROS. An increase in intracellular calcium was observed and modulation of intracellular calcium by using inhibitors and chelators clearly prevented the chromosomal damage. Chelation of iron also protected against induced damage, particularly for NiO and NiCl2. Conclusions This study has revealed chromosomal damage by Ni and NiO NPs as well as Ni ionic species and provides novel evidence for a calcium-dependent mechanism of cyto- and genotoxicity.

The article analyses a new culture of responsibilisation implicated in a recent management reform in the Swedish Public Employment Service. Based on an interview study and organisational documents, it is shown that the reform entails a new form of responsibilisation of jobseekers as well as caseworkers. As jobseekers are expected to 'carry their own case' through the administrative job‐search process, they are obliged to manage tasks that used to be in the caseworker's area of responsibility. Furthermore, caseworkers are expected to regulate themselves in new ways and change their mind‐set according to new organisational values and behavioural norms, requiring a restraining of their availability to clients. It is argued that the employment agency is increasingly turned into the agency of the active and responsible jobseeker, which entails one further shift towards individual responsibility in Swedish labour market policy and one further step towards the breakup of a personal caseworker–jobseeker relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]