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6. Facial expressivity in dominant macaques is linked to group cohesion.

Author

Whitehouse, J., Clark, P. R., Robinson, R. L., Rees, K., O'Callaghan, O., Kimock, C. M., Witham, C. L., and Waller, B. M.

Subjects
RHESUS monkeys, SOCIAL status, SOCIAL cohesion, SOCIAL networks, SOCIAL bonds, MACAQUES
Abstract

Social living affords primates (including humans) many benefits. Communication has been proposed to be the key mechanism used to bond social connections, which could explain why primates have evolved such expressive faces. We assessed whether the facial expressivity of the dominant male (quantified from the coding of anatomically based facial movement) was related to social network properties (based on social proximity and grooming) in nine groups of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed in uniform physical and social environments. More facially expressive dominant male macaques were more socially connected and had more cohesive social groups. These findings show that inter-individual differences in facial expressivity are related to differential social outcomes at both an individual and group level. More expressive individuals occupy more beneficial social positions, which could help explain the selection for complex facial communication in primates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Defining capabilities in deployed UK military prehospital emergency care

Author

Thompson, Michael, Jefferson, O, James, T, Waller, B, Reed, R, Slade, H, Swift, K, and Pynn, H J

Abstract

The UK military prehospital emergency care (PHEC) operational clinical capability framework must be updated in order that it retains its use as a valid operational planning tool. Specific requirements include accurately defining the PHEC levels and the ‘Medical Emergency Response Team’ (MERT), while reinforcing PHEC as a specialist area of clinical practice that requires an assured set of competencies at all levels and mandatory clinical currency for vocational providers.A military PHEC review panel was convened by the Defence Consultant Advisor (DCA) for PHEC. Each PHEC level was reviewed and all issues which had, or could have arisen from the existing framework were discussed until agreement between the six members of this panel was established.An updated military PHEC framework has been produced by DCA PHEC, which defines the minimum requirements for each operational PHEC level. These definitions cover all PHEC providers, irrespective of professional background. The mandatory requirement for appropriate clinical exposure for vocational and specialist providers is emphasised. An updated definition of MERT has been agreed.This update provides clarity to the continually evolving domain of UK military PHEC. It sets out the PHEC provider requirements in order to be considered operationally deployable in a PHEC role. There are implications for training, manning and recruitment to meet these requirements, but the processes required to address these are already underway and well described elsewhere.

Published
2024
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30. Effects of progressive aquatic resistance training on symptoms and quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis:a secondary analysis

Author

Munukka, M. (Matti), Waller, B. (Benjamin), Häkkinen, A. (Arja), Nieminen, M. T. (Miika T.), Lammentausta, E. (Eveliina), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Paloneva, J. (Juha), Kautiainen, H. (Hannu), Kiviranta, I. (Ilkka), Heinonen, A. (Ari), Munukka, M. (Matti), Waller, B. (Benjamin), Häkkinen, A. (Arja), Nieminen, M. T. (Miika T.), Lammentausta, E. (Eveliina), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Paloneva, J. (Juha), Kautiainen, H. (Hannu), Kiviranta, I. (Ilkka), and Heinonen, A. (Ari)

Abstract

Objective: To conduct a secondary analysis to study the effects, those 4 months of aquatic resistance training have on self‐assessed symptoms and quality of life in post‐menopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA), after the intervention and after a 12‐month follow‐up period. Methods: A total of 87 post‐menopausal volunteer women, aged 60‐68 years, with mild knee OA were recruited in a randomized, controlled, 4‐month aquatic training trial (RCT) and randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 43) and a control (n = 44) group. The intervention group participated in 48 supervised aquatic resistance training sessions over 4 months while the control group maintained their usual level of physical activity. Additionally, 77 participants completed the 12‐month post‐intervention follow‐up period. Self‐assessed symptoms were estimated using the OA‐specific Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Health‐related Quality of life (HRQoL) using the generic Short‐form Health Survey (SF‐36). Results: After 4 months of aquatic resistance training, there was a significant decrease in the stiffness dimension of WOMAC −8.5 mm (95% CI = −14.9 to −2.0, P = .006) in the training group compared to the controls. After the cessation of the training, this benefit was no longer observed during the 12‐month follow‐up. No between‐group differences were observed in any of the SF‐36 dimensions. Conclusions: The results of this study show that participation in an intensive aquatic resistance training program did not have any short‐ or long‐term impact on pain and physical function or quality of life in women with mild knee OA. However, a small short‐term decrease in knee stiffness was observed.

Published
2020

44. CLOSURE OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE ATRIAL COMMUNICATIONS USING THE AMPLATZER SEPTAL OCCLUDER

Author

Radtke, Wolfgang A.K., Waller, B. Rush, Shirali, Girish, and Wiles, Henry B.

Subjects
Pediatrics -- Research
Abstract

Background: Device occlusion of atrial communications is emerging as an alternative to surgical closure. The 20-month, single institution experience with the Amplatzer occluder is reported. Methods: Sixty-four patients were considered for device occlusion of atrial communications between August 1997 and April 1999. In 14 patients, transesophageal echocardiography showed insufficient rim around the defect, inadequate size or previously unrecognized additional lesions, and device placement was not attempted. Fifty patients, aged 2-75 years (median 8.7 years) with body weights of 9.8-113 kg (median 27.6 kg) and Qp/Qs of 0.7-4.8 (median 1.7), underwent device implantation. Eight patients had 2 or 3 defects. Defect size ranged from 2-21 mm. Six additional interventions were performed in 3 patients: 2 stent placements into right pulmonary artery, 2 coil occlusions of modified Blalock-Taussig shunts, 1 pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty and 1 coil occlusion of a ductus arteriosus. Results: All attempts of device implantation were successful. Device size ranged from 4-32 mm (median 16 mm). Two occluders were implanted in 5 patients. Implantation from the right internal jugular vein was performed in 4 patients. Procedure time ranged from 44-212 minutes (median of 124 min). Fluoroscopy time ranged from 9.4-38.4 min (median of 20.1 min). There were no device embolizations, and there were no other major complications. Atrial fibrillation occurred during diagnostic procedure and during placement of the device in 1 patient. The marker band detached from the delivery sheath during retraction of the device in 1 patient, and embolized into a left pulmonary artery branch. Catheter retrieval was unsuccessful and the marker band was left lodged in a posterior subsegmental pulmonary artery branch without obstruction and without sequelae. Forty-eight patients (96%) were discharged the following day. Complete occlusion of the defect(s) was achieved in 43/50 (86%) immediately after placement, in 44/50 (88%) at 24 hours, in 35/37 (95%) after 6 months, and in 16/17 (94%) after 1 year. All residual defects were less than 2.5 mm in diameter at the latest follow-up. No late complications occurred during median follow-up of 6 months. All devices remained in proper and unchanged position. Conclusion: Closure of atrial communications using the Amplatzer septal occluder is safe and effective during early follow-up.

Published
1999

45. Relationship between lower limb neuromuscular performance and bone strength in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis

Author

Munukka M, Waller B, Multanen J, Rantalainen T, Häkkinen A, Mt, Nieminen, Lammentausta E, Um, Kujala, Juha Paloneva, Kautiainen H, Kiviranta I, and Heinonen A

Subjects
DXA, nivelrikko, Neuromuscular Performance, Compressive Strength, Tibia, neuromuskulaarinen suorituskyky, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Bone Strength, PQCT, Postmenopause, Absorptiometry, Photon, Osteoarthritis, luun lujuus, Humans, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Psychomotor Performance, Aged
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate whether neuromuscular performance predicts lower limb bone strength in different lower limb sites in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Neuromuscular performance of 139 volunteer women aged 50-68 with mild knee OA was measured using maximal counter movement jump test, isometric knee flexion and extension force and figure-of-eight-running test. Femoral neck section modulus (Z, mm³) was determined by data obtained from dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Data obtained using peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to asses distal tibia compressive (BSId, g2/cm4) and tibial mid-shaft bending (SSImaxmid, mm3) strength indices. Results:After adjustment for height, weight and age, counter movement jump peak power production was the strongest independent predictor for Z (β=0.44; p

Published
2014

48. Efficacy of progressive aquatic resistance training for tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Munukka, M, Waller, B, Rantalainen, T, Häkkinen, A, Nieminen, MT, Lammentausta, E, Kujala, UM, Paloneva, J, Sipilä, S, Peuna, A, Kautiainen, H, Selänne, H, Kiviranta, I, Heinonen, A, Munukka, M, Waller, B, Rantalainen, T, Häkkinen, A, Nieminen, MT, Lammentausta, E, Kujala, UM, Paloneva, J, Sipilä, S, Peuna, A, Kautiainen, H, Selänne, H, Kiviranta, I, and Heinonen, A

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of aquatic resistance training on biochemical composition of tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Eighty seven volunteer postmenopausal women, aged 60-68 years, with mild knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades I/II and knee pain) were recruited and randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 43) and control (n = 44) group. The intervention group participated in 48 supervised aquatic resistance training sessions over 16 weeks while the control group maintained usual level of physical activity. The biochemical composition of the medial and lateral tibiofemoral cartilage was estimated using single-slice transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC index). Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric knee extension and flexion force and knee injury and OA outcome (KOOS) questionnaire. RESULTS: After 4-months aquatic training, there was a significant decrease in both T2 -1.2 ms (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.3 to -0.1, P = 0.021) and dGEMRIC index -23 ms (-43 to -3, P = 0.016) in the training group compared to controls in the full thickness posterior region of interest (ROI) of the medial femoral cartilage. Cardiorespiratory fitness significantly improved in the intervention group by 9.8% (P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in postmenopausal women with mild knee OA, the integrity of the collagen-interstitial water environment (T2) of the tibiofemoral cartilage may be responsive to low shear and compressive forces during aquatic resistance training. More research is required to understand the exact nature of acute responses in dGEMRIC index to this type of loading. Further, aquatic resistance training improves cardiorespiratory fitness.

Published
2016

50. Association between leisure time physical activity level and articular cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis: a 12-month follow-up study after 4-month intervention

Author

Munukka, M, Waller, B, Rantalainen, Timo, Hakkinen, A, Nieminen, MT, Lammentausta, E, Kujala, UM, Paloneva, J, Kautiainen, H, Selanne, H, Kiviranta, I, Heinonen, A, Munukka, M, Waller, B, Rantalainen, Timo, Hakkinen, A, Nieminen, MT, Lammentausta, E, Kujala, UM, Paloneva, J, Kautiainen, H, Selanne, H, Kiviranta, I, and Heinonen, A

Published
2016

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