Author: "Wallenberg Academy" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Wallenberg Academy"' showing total 24 results

Start Over Author "Wallenberg Academy"

24 results on '"Wallenberg Academy"'

1. A functional connection between translation elongation and protein folding at the ribosome exit tunnel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Karolinska Institute, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Institutes of Health (US), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, University of Fribourg, Rodríguez-Galán, Olga, García-Gómez, Juan J., Rosado, Iván V., Wei, Wu, Méndez-Godoy, Alfonso, Pillet, Benjamin, Alekseenko, Alisa, Steinmetz, Lars M., Pelechano, Vicent, Kressler, Dieter, Cruz, Jesús de la, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Karolinska Institute, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Institutes of Health (US), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, University of Fribourg, Rodríguez-Galán, Olga, García-Gómez, Juan J., Rosado, Iván V., Wei, Wu, Méndez-Godoy, Alfonso, Pillet, Benjamin, Alekseenko, Alisa, Steinmetz, Lars M., Pelechano, Vicent, Kressler, Dieter, and Cruz, Jesús de la
Abstract: Proteostasis needs to be tightly controlled to meet the cellular demand for correctly de novo folded proteins and to avoid protein aggregation. While a coupling between translation rate and co-translational folding, likely involving an interplay between the ribosome and its associated chaperones, clearly appears to exist, the underlying mechanisms and the contribution of ribosomal proteins remain to be explored. The ribosomal protein uL3 contains a long internal loop whose tip region is in close proximity to the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center. Intriguingly, the rpl3[W255C] allele, in which the residue making the closest contact to this catalytic site is mutated, affects diverse aspects of ribosome biogenesis and function. Here, we have uncovered, by performing a synthetic lethal screen with this allele, an unexpected link between translation and the folding of nascent proteins by the ribosome-associated Ssb-RAC chaperone system. Our results reveal that uL3 and Ssb-RAC cooperate to prevent 80S ribosomes from piling up within the 5′ region of mRNAs early on during translation elongation. Together, our study provides compelling in vivo evidence for a functional connection between peptide bond formation at the peptidyl transferase center and chaperone-assisted de novo folding of nascent polypeptides at the solvent-side of the peptide exit tunnel.
Published: 2021

2. Decreased circulating ErbB4 ectodomain fragments as a read-out of impaired signaling function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Wallenberg Academy, Swedish Research Council, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), López-Font, Inmaculada, Sogorb-Esteve, Aitana, Javier-Torrent, Míriam, Brinkmalm, Gunnar, Herrando-Grabulosa, Mireia, García-Lareu, Belen, Turon-Sans, Janina, Rojas-García, Ricardo, Lleó, Alberto, Saura, Carlos A., Zetterberg, Henrik, Blennow, Kaj, Bosch, Assumpció, Navarro, Xavier, Sáez-Valero, Javier, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Wallenberg Academy, Swedish Research Council, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), López-Font, Inmaculada, Sogorb-Esteve, Aitana, Javier-Torrent, Míriam, Brinkmalm, Gunnar, Herrando-Grabulosa, Mireia, García-Lareu, Belen, Turon-Sans, Janina, Rojas-García, Ricardo, Lleó, Alberto, Saura, Carlos A., Zetterberg, Henrik, Blennow, Kaj, Bosch, Assumpció, Navarro, Xavier, and Sáez-Valero, Javier
Abstract: ErbB4 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to neuregulins to activate signaling. Proteolytic cleavage of ErbB4 results in release of soluble fragments of ErbB4 into the interstitial fluid. Disruption of the neuregulin-ErbB4 pathway has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study assesses whether soluble proteolytic fragments of the ErbB4 ectodomain (ecto-ErbB4) can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and if the levels are altered in ALS. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry or western blotting analyses confirmed the presence of ecto-ErbB4 in human CSF. Several anti-ErbB4-reactive bands, including a 55 kDa fragment, were detected in CSF. The bands were generated in the presence of neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) and were absent in plasma from ErbB4 knockout mice. Ecto-ErbB4 levels were decreased in CSF from ALS patients (n = 20) and ALS with concomitant frontotemporal dementia patients (n = 10), compared to age-matched controls (n = 13). A similar decrease was found for the short ecto-ErbB4 fragments in plasma of the same subjects. Likewise, the 55-kDa ecto-ErbB4 fragments were decreased in the plasma of the two transgenic mouse models of ALS (SOD1G93A and TDP-43A315T). Intracellular ErbB4 fragments were decreased in the frontal cortex from SOD1G93A mice, indicating a reduction in Nrg-dependent induction of ErbB4 proteolytic processing, and suggesting impaired signaling. Accordingly, overexpression of Nrg1 induced by an adeno-associated viral vector increased the levels of the ecto-ErbB4 fragment in the SOD1G93A mice. We conclude that the determination of circulating ecto-ErbB4 fragments could be a tool to evaluate the impairment of the ErbB4 pathway and may be a useful biomarker in ALS.
Published: 2019

3. System-wide Profiling of RNA-Binding Proteins Uncovers Key Regulators of Virus Infection

Author: European Commission, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), García-Moreno, Manuel, Noerenberg, Marko, González-Almela, Esther, Lenz, Caroline E, Bach-Pagés, Marcel, Cox, Victoria, Avolio, Rosario, Davis, Thomas, Hester, Svenja, Sohier, Thibault J.M., Li, Bingnan, Heikel, Gregory, Michlewski, Gracjan, Sanz, Miguel A., Carrasco, Luís, Ricci, Emiliano P., Pelechano, Vicent, Davis, Ilan, Fischer, Bernd, Mohammed, Shabaz, Castelló, Alfredo, Järvelin, Aino I, European Commission, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), García-Moreno, Manuel, Noerenberg, Marko, González-Almela, Esther, Lenz, Caroline E, Bach-Pagés, Marcel, Cox, Victoria, Avolio, Rosario, Davis, Thomas, Hester, Svenja, Sohier, Thibault J.M., Li, Bingnan, Heikel, Gregory, Michlewski, Gracjan, Sanz, Miguel A., Carrasco, Luís, Ricci, Emiliano P., Pelechano, Vicent, Davis, Ilan, Fischer, Bernd, Mohammed, Shabaz, Castelló, Alfredo, and Järvelin, Aino I
Abstract: The compendium of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) has been greatly expanded by the development of RNA-interactome capture (RIC). However, it remained unknown if the complement of RBPs changes in response to environmental perturbations and whether these rearrangements are important. To answer these questions, we developed “comparative RIC” and applied it to cells challenged with an RNA virus called sindbis (SINV). Over 200 RBPs display differential interaction with RNA upon SINV infection. These alterations are mainly driven by the loss of cellular mRNAs and the emergence of viral RNA. RBPs stimulated by the infection redistribute to viral replication factories and regulate the capacity of the virus to infect. For example, ablation of XRN1 causes cells to be refractory to SINV, while GEMIN5 moonlights as a regulator of SINV gene expression. In summary, RNA availability controls RBP localization and function in SINV-infected cells. Garcia-Moreno, Noerenberg, Ni, and colleagues developed “comparative RNA-interactome capture” to analyze the RNA-bound proteome during virus infection. More than 200 cellular RNA-binding proteins change their binding activity in response to this challenge, mainly driven by transcript availability. Many of these RNA-binding proteins regulate viral replication and can be targeted to influence infection outcome.
Published: 2019

4. Detecting macroecological patterns in bacterial communities across independent studies of global soils

Author: British Ecological Society, European Commission, Yorkshire Agricultural Society, Northumbria University, Wallenberg Academy, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Griffiths, Robert [0000-0002-3341-4547], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Vries, Franciska T. de [0000-0002-6822-8883], Ramirez, Kelly S., Knight, Christopher G., Hollander, Mattias de, Brearley, Francis Q., Constantinides, Bede, Cotton, Anne, Creer, Si, Crowther, Thomas W., Davinson, John, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Elliott, David R., Fox, Graeme, Griffiths, Robert, Hale, Chris, Hartman, Kyle, Houlden, Ashley, Jones, David L., Krab, Eveline J., Maestre, Fernando T., McGuire, Krista L., Monteux, Sylvain, Orr, Caroline H., Putten, Wim H. van der, Roberts. Ian S., Robinson, David A., Rocca, Jennifer, Rowntree, Jennifer, Schlaeppi, Klaus, Shepherd, Matthew, Singh, Brajesh K., Straathof, Angela L., Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Thion, Cécile, Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der, Vries, Franciska T. de, British Ecological Society, European Commission, Yorkshire Agricultural Society, Northumbria University, Wallenberg Academy, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Griffiths, Robert [0000-0002-3341-4547], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Vries, Franciska T. de [0000-0002-6822-8883], Ramirez, Kelly S., Knight, Christopher G., Hollander, Mattias de, Brearley, Francis Q., Constantinides, Bede, Cotton, Anne, Creer, Si, Crowther, Thomas W., Davinson, John, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Elliott, David R., Fox, Graeme, Griffiths, Robert, Hale, Chris, Hartman, Kyle, Houlden, Ashley, Jones, David L., Krab, Eveline J., Maestre, Fernando T., McGuire, Krista L., Monteux, Sylvain, Orr, Caroline H., Putten, Wim H. van der, Roberts. Ian S., Robinson, David A., Rocca, Jennifer, Rowntree, Jennifer, Schlaeppi, Klaus, Shepherd, Matthew, Singh, Brajesh K., Straathof, Angela L., Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Thion, Cécile, Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der, and Vries, Franciska T. de
Abstract: The emergence of high-throughput DNA sequencing methods provides unprecedented opportunities to further unravel bacterial biodiversity and its worldwide role from human health to ecosystem functioning. However, despite the abundance of sequencing studies, combining data from multiple individual studies to address macroecological questions of bacterial diversity remains methodically challenging and plagued with biases. Here, using a machine-learning approach that accounts for differences among studies and complex interactions among taxa, we merge 30 independent bacterial data sets comprising 1,998 soil samples from 21 countries. Whereas previous meta-analysis efforts have focused on bacterial diversity measures or abundances of major taxa, we show that disparate amplicon sequence data can be combined at the taxonomy-based level to assess bacterial community structure. We find that rarer taxa are more important for structuring soil communities than abundant taxa, and that these rarer taxa are better predictors of community structure than environmental factors, which are often confounded across studies. We conclude that combining data from independent studies can be used to explore bacterial community dynamics, identify potential ‘indicator’ taxa with an important role in structuring communities, and propose hypotheses on the factors that shape bacterial biogeography that have been overlooked in the past.
Published: 2018

5. A functional connection between translation elongation and protein folding at the ribosome exit tunnel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Rodríguez-Galán, Olga, García-Gómez, Juan J, Rosado, Iván V, Wei, Wu, Méndez-Godoy, Alfonso, Pillet, Benjamin, Alekseenko, Alisa, Steinmetz, Lars M, Pelechano, Vicent, Kressler, Dieter, de la Cruz, Jesús, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Karolinska Institute, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Institutes of Health (US), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, University of Fribourg, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Genética, [Rodríguez-Galán,O, García-Gómez,JJ, Rosado,IV, de la Cruz,J] Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Rodríguez-Galán,O, de la Cruz,J] Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Wei,W, Steinmetz,LM] Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. [Wei,W] CAS Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. [Méndez-Godoy,A, Pillet,B, Kressler,D] Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. [Alekseenko,A, Pelechano,V] SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology. Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. [Steinmetz,LM] European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. [Steinmetz,LM] Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [BFU2016-75352-P, PID2019-103850-GB-I00 to J.d.l.C.], Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A_156764, 31003A_175547 to D.K.], Swedish Research Council [VR 2016-01842], Wallenberg Academy [fellowship KAW 2016.0123], Karolinska Institutet (SFO SciLifeLab fellowship, KID and KI funds) (to V.P.), National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC0908405], National Natural Science Foundation of China [81870187 to W.W.], US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P01 HG000205], German Research Foundation (DFG) [1422/4-1], European Research Council (ERC Advanced Investigator Grant) (to L.M.S.), J.J.G.-G. was recipient of a FPI fellowship from MINECO, and Funding for open access charge: SNSF or University of Fribourg.
Subjects: Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Proteostasis Deficiencies [Medical Subject Headings], Ribosomal Proteins, Protein Folding, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Molecular Chaperones [Medical Subject Headings], Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Ribosomes [Medical Subject Headings], Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Biochemical Phenomena::Biochemical Processes::Peptide Biosynthesis::Protein Biosynthesis::Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational [Medical Subject Headings], AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Ribosomal Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Fungal Proteins::Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Acyltransferases::Aminoacyltransferases::Peptidyl Transferases [Medical Subject Headings], Mutation, Missense, Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Specialty Uses of Chemicals::Solvents [Medical Subject Headings], Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Biophysical Phenomena::Biophysical Processes::Protein Folding [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Recombinant Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Loss of Function Mutation, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides [Medical Subject Headings], Point Mutation, Organisms::Eukaryota::Fungi::Ascomycota::Saccharomycetales::Saccharomyces::Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Medical Subject Headings], Chaperonas moleculares, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Alleles [Medical Subject Headings], Alleles, Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Multiprotein Complexes [Medical Subject Headings], Mutación, Pliegue de proteína, Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics, Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::RNA::RNA, Messenger [Medical Subject Headings], Recombinant Proteins, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation::Mutation, Missense [Medical Subject Headings], Multiprotein Complexes, Mutation, Peptidyl Transferases, Proteostasis, Ribosomas, Proteínas de saccharomyces cerevisiae, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation::Point Mutation [Medical Subject Headings], Alelos, Ribosomes, Molecular Chaperones
Abstract: Proteostasis needs to be tightly controlled to meet the cellular demand for correctly de novo folded proteins and to avoid protein aggregation. While a coupling between translation rate and co-translational folding, likely involving an interplay between the ribosome and its associated chaperones, clearly appears to exist, the underlying mechanisms and the contribution of ribosomal proteins remain to be explored. The ribosomal protein uL3 contains a long internal loop whose tip region is in close proximity to the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center. Intriguingly, the rpl3[W255C] allele, in which the residue making the closest contact to this catalytic site is mutated, affects diverse aspects of ribosome biogenesis and function. Here, we have uncovered, by performing a synthetic lethal screen with this allele, an unexpected link between translation and the folding of nascent proteins by the ribosome-associated Ssb-RAC chaperone system. Our results reveal that uL3 and Ssb-RAC cooperate to prevent 80S ribosomes from piling up within the 5′ region of mRNAs early on during translation elongation. Together, our study provides compelling in vivo evidence for a functional connection between peptide bond formation at the peptidyl transferase center and chaperone-assisted de novo folding of nascent polypeptides at the solvent-side of the peptide exit tunnel., Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO); European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [BFU2016-75352-P, PID2019-103850-GB-I00 to J.d.l.C.]; Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A_156764, 31003A_175547 to D.K.]; Ragnar Söderberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council [VR 2016-01842]; Wallenberg Academy [fellowship KAW 2016.0123]; Karolinska Institutet (SFO SciLifeLab fellowship, KID and KI funds) (to V.P.); National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC0908405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81870187 to W.W.]; US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P01 HG000205]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [1422/4-1]; European Research Council (ERC Advanced Investigator Grant) (to L.M.S.); J.J.G.-G. was recipient of a FPI fellowship from MINECO; Funding for open access charge: SNSF or University of Fribourg.
Published: 2021

6. Muscle-selective RUNX3 dependence of sensorimotor circuit development

Author: Simone Wanderoy, Andrea B. Huber, Rosa-Eva Huettl, Charles Petitpré, Paula Fontanet, Carmelo Bellardita, Yongtao Xue-Franzén, Shahragim Tajbakhsh, Pavel V. Zelenin, Patrik Ernfors, Saida Hadjab, Francois Lallemend, Glenda Comai, Tatiana G. Deliagina, Haohao Wu, Ole Kiehn, Yiqiao Wang, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Cellules Souches et Développement / Stem Cells and Development, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), This work was supported by StratNeuro (2013-0237), the Vetenskapsrådet (2012-04708), a Karolinska Institute doctoral grant the Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Wallenberg Academy Fellow), the Hjärnfonden (FO2014-0048), the Karolinska Institutet (Faculty Funded Career Position) and the Ragnar Söderbergs stiftelse (M48/12) (Ragnar Söderberg Fellow in Medicine), and by a Ming Wai Lau research grant. F.L. is a Ragnar Söderberg fellow in Medicine, a Wallenberg Academy Fellow in Medicine and a Ming Wai Lau Center investigator., We thank Prof. Yoram Groner and Ditsa Levanon for the Runx3−/− mouse line. We thank the CLICK imaging Facility supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health
Subjects: Male, Sensory Receptor Cells, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Sensory system, Sensorimotor circuit, Dorsal root ganglia, Neuronal specification, Neurotrophins, Neurotrophin-3, 03 medical and health sciences, Motor network, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Ganglia, Spinal, Animals, Nerve Growth Factors, Molecular Biology, Transcription factor, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Motor Neurons, 0303 health sciences, biology, Proprioception, Neurogenesis, Microfilament Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cell Differentiation, Sensory System, Sensorimotor Circuit, Dorsal Root Ganglia, Neuronal Specification, Cell identity, digestive system diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit, biology.protein, Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology, Neurotrophin, Research Article, Transcription Factors
Abstract: The control of all our motor outputs requires constant monitoring by proprioceptive sensory neurons (PSNs) that convey continuous muscle sensory inputs to the spinal motor network. Yet the molecular programs that control the establishment of this sensorimotor circuit remain largely unknown. The transcription factor RUNX3 is essential for the early steps of PSNs differentiation, making it difficult to study its role during later aspects of PSNs specification. Here, we conditionally inactivate Runx3 in PSNs after peripheral innervation and identify that RUNX3 is necessary for maintenance of cell identity of only a subgroup of PSNs, without discernable cell death. RUNX3 also controls the sensorimotor connection between PSNs and motor neurons at limb level, with muscle-by-muscle variable sensitivities to the loss of Runx3 that correlate with levels of RUNX3 in PSNs. Finally, we find that muscles and neurotrophin 3 signaling are necessary for maintenance of RUNX3 expression in PSNs. Hence, a transcriptional regulator that is crucial for specifying a generic PSN type identity after neurogenesis is later regulated by target muscle-derived signals to contribute to the specialized aspects of the sensorimotor connection selectivity., Development, 146 (20), ISSN:0950-1991, ISSN:1477-9129
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Identification of cell surface markers and establishment of monolayer differentiation to retinal pigment epithelial cells

Author: Sofie Westman, Pankaj Kumar, Sandra Petrus-Reurer, Emma Lardner, Fredrik Lanner, Helder André, Anders Kvanta, Iyadh Douagi, Monica Aronsson, Alvaro Plaza Reyes, Sara Padrell Sánchez, Hammurabi Bartuma, Anna Falk, Emeline F. Nandrot, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Institut de la Vision, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by grants from the Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Swedish Research Council, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Wallenberg Academy Fellow, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Stockholm County Council (ALF project), Karolinska Institute, Ögonfonden and Cronqvist Foundation, Strategic Research Area (SRA) Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Crown Princess Margareta’s Foundation for the Visually Impaired, The ARMEC Lindeberg Foundation, The Ulla och Ingemar Dahlberg Foundation, and King Gustav V and Queen Victoria Foundation. This study was performed at the Live Cell Imaging unit/Nikon Center of Excellence, BioNut, KI, supported by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Centre for Innovative Medicine and the Jonasson donation. Flow cytometry analysis and cell sorting were performed at the MedH Flow Cytometry core facility, supported by KI/SLL. Sequencing was performed at the ESCG at Science for Life Laboratory (funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish Research Council) with assistance from SNIC/Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute., and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, law, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Induced pluripotent stem cell, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Cluster of differentiation, Retinal, General Chemistry, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, Embryonic stem cell, In vitro, eye diseases, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Recombinant DNA, lcsh:Q, sense organs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cell based
Abstract: In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells provides a potentially unlimited source for cell based reparative therapy of age-related macular degeneration. Although the inherent pigmentation of the RPE cells have been useful to grossly evaluate differentiation efficiency and allowed manual isolation of pigmented structures, accurate quantification and automated isolation has been challenging. To address this issue, here we perform a comprehensive antibody screening and identify cell surface markers for RPE cells. We show that these markers can be used to isolate RPE cells during in vitro differentiation and to track, quantify and improve differentiation efficiency. Finally, these surface markers aided to develop a robust, direct and scalable monolayer differentiation protocol on human recombinant laminin-111 and −521 without the need for manual isolation.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Altered Balance of Reelin Proteolytic Fragments in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Author: Inmaculada Lopez-Font, Matthew P. Lennol, Guillermo Iborra-Lazaro, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Javier Sáez-Valero, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Swedish Research Council, European Research Council, Hjärnfonden, Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Alzheimer's Association, Wallenberg Academy, Olav Thon Foundation, The Erling-Persson Family Foundation, Stiftelsen Längmanska kulturfonden, Dementia Research Institute (UK), Swedish Alzheimer Foundation, and National Institutes of Health (US)
Subjects: Aggregate, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Serine Endopeptidases, Organic Chemistry, Apolipoprotein E3, Biomarker, General Medicine, Reelin, Peptide Fragments, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, Reelin Protein, Cerebrospinal fluid, Proteolytic fragment, Alzheimer Disease, reelin, proteolytic fragment, aggregate, cerebrospinal fluid, biomarker, Alzheimer’s disease, Humans, Serine Proteases, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Protein Binding
Abstract: This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Alzheimer's Disease., Reelin binds to the apolipoprotein E receptor apoER2 to activate an intracellular signaling cascade. The proteolytic cleavage of reelin follows receptor binding but can also occur independently of its binding to receptors. This study assesses whether reelin proteolytic fragments are differentially affected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects. CSF reelin species were analyzed by Western blotting, employing antibodies against the N- and C-terminal domains. In AD patients, we found a decrease in the 420 kDa full-length reelin compared with controls. In these patients, we also found an increase in the N-terminal 310 kDa fragment resulting from the cleavage at the so-called C-t site, whereas the 180 kDa fragment originated from the N-t site remained unchanged. Regarding the C-terminal proteolytic fragments, the 100 kDa fragment resulting from the cleavage at the C-t site also displayed increased levels, whilst the one resulting from the N-t site, the 250 kDa fragment, decreased. We also detected the presence of an aberrant reelin species with a molecular mass of around 500 kDa present in AD samples (34 of 43 cases), while it was absent in the 14 control cases analyzed. These 500 kDa species were only immunoreactive to N-terminal antibodies. We validated the occurrence of these aberrant reelin species in an Aβ42-treated reelin-overexpressing cell model. When we compared the AD samples from APOE genotype subgroups, we only found minor differences in the levels of reelin fragments associated to the APOE genotype, but interestingly, the levels of fragments of apoER2 were lower in APOE ε4 carriers with regards to APOE ε3/ε3. The altered proportion of reelin/apoER2 fragments and the occurrence of reelin aberrant species suggest a complex regulation of the reelin signaling pathway, which results impaired in AD subjects., This work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI15/00665 and PI19-01359, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER “Investing in your future”), CIBERNED (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain), and the Direcció General de Ciència I Investigació, Generalitat Valenciana (AICO/2021/308). We also acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the “Severo Ochoa” Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2017-0723). M.P.L. was supported by a BEFPI fellowship from the Generalitat Valenciana. H.Z. is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532); the European Research Council (#681712); Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931); the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#201809-2016862); the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer’s Association (#ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C, and #ADSF-21-831377-C); the Olav Thon Foundation; the Erling-Persson Family Foundation; Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor; Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2019-0228); the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement no. 860197; MIRIADE); and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. K.B. is supported by the Swedish Research Council (#2017-00915); the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (#RDAPB-201809-2016615); the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881); Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243); the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils; the ALF-agreement (#ALFGBG-715986); the European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND2019-466-236); the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA, (grant #1R01AG068398-01); and the Alzheimer’s Association 2021 Zenith Award (ZEN-21-848495).
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. eIF4E-Binding Proteins 1 and 2 Limit Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Responses through Translational Repression of IL-10 and Cyclooxygenase-2

Author: Léon C van Kempen, Visnu Chaparro, Julie Lorent, Louis-Philippe Leroux, Simona Stäger, Maritza Jaramillo, Tyson E. Graber, Charles M. Dozois, Marie-Noël M’Boutchou, Aymeric Fabié, Tania Charpentier, Mirtha William, Tommy Alain, Ola Larsson, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (422671-2012) to M.J. The Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Hôte-Parasite is supported by a Subvention de Regroupement Stratégique from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Nature et Technologies. M.J. is a recipient of a Bourse de Chercheur-Boursier Junior 1 award from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQ-S) and a Subvention d’Établissement de Jeune Chercheur from the FRQ-S. V.C. is supported by a Master's scholarship from the Fondation Universitaire Armand Frappier. O.L. is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Wallenberg Academy Fellows program. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Transcription, Genetic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NF-KAPPA-B, DIFFERENTIAL TRANSLATION, Gene Expression, Cell Cycle Proteins, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Macrophage, Eukaryotic Initiation Factors, GENE-EXPRESSION, Mice, Knockout, SECONDARY STRUCTURE, Chemistry, IMMUNE-RESPONSES, NFIL3, HOST TRANSLATION, Interleukin-10, Up-Regulation, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Interleukin 10, MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION, medicine.symptom, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Translational efficiency, Immunology, Inflammation, C/EBP-BETA CASCADE, Dinoprostone, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Downregulation and upregulation, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Macrophages, GENOME-WIDE, Phosphoproteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Repressor Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Cyclooxygenase 2, Protein Biosynthesis, TLR4, MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY, Carrier Proteins, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Macrophages represent one of the first lines of defense during infections and are essential for resolution of inflammation following pathogen clearance. Rapid activation or suppression of protein synthesis via changes in translational efficiency allows cells of the immune system, including macrophages, to quickly respond to external triggers or cues without de novo mRNA synthesis. The translational repressors eIF4E-binding proteins 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 (4E-BP1/2) are central regulators of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis during viral and parasitic infections. However, it remains to be established whether 4E-BP1/2 play a role in translational control of anti-inflammatory responses. By comparing translational efficiencies of immune-related transcripts in macrophages from wild-type and 4E-BP1/2 double-knockout mice, we found that translation of mRNAs encoding two major regulators of inflammation, IL-10 and PG-endoperoxide synthase 2/cyclooxygenase-2, is controlled by 4E-BP1/2. Genetic deletion of 4E-BP1/2 in macrophages increased endogenous IL-10 and PGE2 protein synthesis in response to TLR4 stimulation and reduced their bactericidal capacity. The molecular mechanism involves enhanced anti-inflammatory gene expression (sIl1ra, Nfil3, Arg1, Serpinb2) owing to upregulation of IL-10–STAT3 and PGE2–C/EBPβ signaling. These data provide evidence that 4E-BP1/2 limit anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages and suggest that dysregulated activity of 4E-BP1/2 might be involved in reprogramming of the translational and downstream transcriptional landscape of macrophages during pathological conditions, such as infections and cancer.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Winter warming effects on tundra shrub performance are species-specific and dependent on spring conditions

Author: Frida Keuper, Eveline J. Krab, Ann Milbau, Jonas Roennefarth, Ellen Dorrepaal, Jonatan Klaminder, Juergen Kreyling, Marina Becher, Kobayashi Makoto, Gesche Blume-Werry, Departement of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå University, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), VR [621-2011-5444], Formas [214-2011-788], and Wallenberg Academy Fellowship [2012.0152]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Betula nana, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, plant phenology, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Nutrient, Spring (hydrology), snowmelt timing, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Empetrum nigrum, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spring climate, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, ved/biology, Cryoturbation, cryoturbation, snow cover, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, eye diseases, Tundra, shrubs, winter climate change, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Frost, Environmental science, sense organs, geographic locations
Abstract: International audience; Climate change-driven increases in winter temperatures positively affect conditions for shrub growth in arctic tundra by decreasing plant frost damage and stimulation of nutrient availability. However, the extent to which shrubs may benefit from these conditions may be strongly dependent on the following spring climate. Species-specific differences in phenology and spring frost sensitivity likely affect shrub growth responses to warming. Additionally, effects of changes in winter and spring climate may differ over small spatial scales, as shrub growth may be dependent on natural variation in snow cover, shrub density and cryoturbation. We investigated the effects of winter warming and altered spring climate on growing-season performance of three common and widespread shrub species in cryoturbated non-sorted circle arctic tundra. By insulating sparsely vegetated non-sorted circles and parts of the surrounding heath with additional snow or gardening fleeces, we created two climate change scenarios: snow addition increased soil temperatures in autumn and winter and delayed snowmelt timing without increasing spring temperatures, whereas fleeces increased soil temperature similarly in autumn and winter, but created warmer spring conditions without altering snowmelt timing. Winter warming affected shrub performance, but the direction and magnitude were species-specific and dependent on spring conditions. Spring warming advanced, and later snowmelt delayed canopy green-up. The fleece treatment did not affect shoot growth and biomass in any shrub species despite decreasing leaf frost damage in Empetrum nigrum. Snow addition decreased frost damage and stimulated growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea by c. 50%, while decreasing Betula nana growth (p < .1). All of these effects were consistent the mostly barren circles and surrounding heath. Synthesis. In cryoturbated arctic tundra, growth of Vaccinium vitis-idaea may substantially increase when a thicker snow cover delays snowmelt, whereas in longer term, warmer winters and springs may favour E. nigrum instead. This may affect shrub community composition and cover, with potentially far-reaching effects on arctic ecosystem functioning via its effects on cryoturbation, carbon cycling and trophic cascading. Our results highlight the importance of disentangling effects of winter and spring climate change timing and nature, as spring conditions are a crucial factor in determining the impact of winter warming on plant performance.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Iron supply pathways between the surface and subsurface waters of the Southern Ocean: From winter entrainment to summer storms

Author: Julien Jouanno, Marina Lévy, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, Sarah Nicholson, Sebastiaan Swart, Xavier Capet, Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, CSIR, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Wallenberg Academy Fellowship. Grant Number: WAF 2015.0186CNES‐ CLIMCOLOR projectYoung Researchers Establishment Fund. Grant Number: YREF 2019 0000007361, ANR-16-CE01-0014,SOBUMS,Comprendre la réponse du cycle du carbone dans l'océan austral au stress climatique(2016), European Project: 317699,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES,SOCCLI(2012), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Buoyancy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Forcing (mathematics), engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, winter entrainment, fronts, Convective mixing, storms, 14. Life underwater, Surface layer, Southern Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Advection, Storm, Entrainment (meteorology), eddy advection, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, seasonal iron supply
Abstract: International audience; Dissolved iron (DFe) plays an immeasurable role in shaping the biogeochemical processes of the open‐ocean Southern Ocean. However, due to observational constraints iron supply pathways remain poorly understood. Using an idealized eddy‐resolving physical‐biogeochemical model representing a turbulent sector of the Southern Ocean with seasonal buoyancy forcing and zonal winds overlaid by storms, we quantify the importance of a range of subsurface and surface iron supply mechanisms. The main physical supply pathways to the surface layer are via eddy advection and winter convective mixing in equal proportions. The associated subsurface loss of DFe is restocked via net remineralization (75%) and eddy advection (25%). Summer storms resulted in weak DFe supplies relative to the seasonal supplies (
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 species

Author: Claudia P. Boix, Inmaculada Lopez-Font, Kaj Blennow, Javier Sáez-Valero, Henrik Zetterberg, Generalitat Valenciana, European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Research Council, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and Swedish Alzheimer Foundation
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Glycosylation, Immunoprecipitation, BACE1-AS, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, Amyloid precursor protein, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Molecular biology, Blot, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Neurology, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Antibody, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases, Alzheimer’s disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the main brain β-secretase responsible for the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Previous studies have suggested that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-secretase activity may be a candidate diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but biochemical characterization of BACE1 protein in CSF is needed. CSF samples from 19 AD patients and 19 age-matched non-AD controls (n = 19) were classified according to their Aβ42, total tau, and P-tau CSF biomarker levels. We found that β-secretase activity was higher in the CSF of AD subjects than in that of the controls. We found that the majority of the β-secretase activity in the CSF, measured using a peptide substrate homologous to the BACE1 cleavage site, was not inhibited by specific BACE1 inhibitors. We defined enzymatic activity attributable specifically to BACE1 as the activity that was blocked by the specific inhibitors, which is still higher in AD subjects. BACE1 protein levels were characterized by lectin binding, immunoprecipitation, blue native-PAGE, and western blotting using antibodies against specific protein domains. BACE1 was found to be present in human CSF as a mature form of ~ 70 kDa that probably comprised truncated and full-length species, and also as an immature form of ~ 50 kDa that retains the prodomain. CSF-BACE1 was found to assemble into hetero-complexes containing distinct species. Immunoblotting with an antibody against the C-terminus of BACE1 revealed significantly higher levels of the 70-kDa full-length BACE1, while the 50 kDa immature form remained unaltered. When the 70-kDa species was probed with an antibody against the N-terminus of BACE1 (which does not discriminate between truncated and full-length forms), no increase in immunoreactivity was observed, suggesting that truncated forms of BACE1 do not increase in AD. In conclusion, the complexity of BACE1 species in CSF has to be taken into consideration when determining BACE1 activity and protein levels in CSF as biomarkers of AD., This study was funded in part by the Direcció General d’Universitat, Investigació i Ciència, GVA (AICO/2018/090), by the EU BIOMARKAPD-Joint Programme on Neurodegenerative Diseases (JPND) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII grant PI11/03026), by the ISCIII (PI15/00665), co-financed by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under the aegis of JPND), and through CIBERNED, ISCIII (FEDER, “Investing in your future”). HZ is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow supported by grants from the European Research Council, the Swedish Research Council and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. KB holds the Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and is supported by the Swedish Research Council (#2017-00915), the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243), and a grant (#ALFGBG-715986) from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement.
Published: 2019

13. System-wide Profiling of RNA-Binding Proteins Uncovers Key Regulators of Virus Infection

Author: Garcia-Moreno, Manuel, Noerenberg, Marko, Ni, Shuai, Jarvelin, Aino I., Gonzalez-Almela, Esther, Lenz, Caroline E., Bach-Pages, Marcel, Cox, Victoria, Avolio, Rosario, Davis, Thomas, Hester, Svenja, Sohier, Thibault J.M., Li, Bingnan, Heikel, Gregory, Michlewski, Gracjan, Sanz, Miguel A., Carrasco, Luis, Ricci, Emiliano P., Pelechano, Vicent, Davis, Ilan, Fischer, Bernd, Mohammed, Shabaz, Castello, Alfredo, Garcia-Moreno, M., Noerenberg, M., Ni, S., Jarvelin, A. I., Gonzalez-Almela, E., Lenz, C. E., Bach-Pages, M., Cox, V., Avolio, R., Davis, T., Hester, S., Sohier, T. J. M., Li, B., Heikel, G., Michlewski, G., Sanz, M. A., Carrasco, L., Ricci, E. P., Pelechano, V., Davis, I., Fischer, B., Mohammed, S., Castello, A., 'Federico II' University of Naples Medical School, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Service d'hématologie clinique [Avicenne], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Contrôle traductionnel des ARNm eucaryotes et viraux – Translational control of Eukaryotic and Viral RNAs, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French-German Research Institute of Saint Louis (ISL), French-German Research Institute of Saint Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, Swedish Research Council, Wallenberg Academy, Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Uterine Cervical Neoplasm, RNA-binding protein, Regulator, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Sindbi, HeLa Cell, Virus Replication, 0302 clinical medicine, 5' Untranslated Region, HEK293 Cell, Sindbis Viru, Gene expression, virus infection, skin and connective tissue diseases, XRN1, health care economics and organizations, 0303 health sciences, biology, host-virus interaction, RNA-Binding Proteins, SMN Complex Proteins, Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, Female, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Human, Protein Binding, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, GEMIN5, education, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, alphaviru, Virus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], RNA-interactome capture, Humans, Viral rna, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Epithelial Cell, Binding Sites, Gene Expression Profiling, Microtubule-Associated Protein, Binding Site, RNA, RNA virus, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Exoribonuclease, HEK293 Cells, Viral replication, Exoribonucleases, protein-RNA interaction, Sindbis Virus, sense organs, TRIM25, 5' Untranslated Regions, Transcriptome, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, HeLa Cells
Abstract: The compendium of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) has been greatly expanded by the development of RNA-interactome capture (RIC). However, it remained unknown if the complement of RBPs changes in response to environmental perturbations and whether these rearrangements are important. To answer these questions, we developed “comparative RIC” and applied it to cells challenged with an RNA virus called sindbis (SINV). Over 200 RBPs display differential interaction with RNA upon SINV infection. These alterations are mainly driven by the loss of cellular mRNAs and the emergence of viral RNA. RBPs stimulated by the infection redistribute to viral replication factories and regulate the capacity of the virus to infect. For example, ablation of XRN1 causes cells to be refractory to SINV, while GEMIN5 moonlights as a regulator of SINV gene expression. In summary, RNA availability controls RBP localization and function in SINV-infected cells. Garcia-Moreno, Noerenberg, Ni, and colleagues developed “comparative RNA-interactome capture” to analyze the RNA-bound proteome during virus infection. More than 200 cellular RNA-binding proteins change their binding activity in response to this challenge, mainly driven by transcript availability. Many of these RNA-binding proteins regulate viral replication and can be targeted to influence infection outcome., European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie-Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 700184. I.D. is funded by Wellcome Trust Investigator Award 209412/Z/17/Z. V.P. is funded by a SciLifeLab Fellowship, the Swedish Research Council (VR 2016-01842), a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship (KAW 2016.0123), and the Ragnar Söderberg Foundation. L.C. is funded by grant DGICYT SAF2015-66170-R (MINECO/FEDER).
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Decreased circulating ErbB4 ectodomain fragments as a read-out of impaired signaling function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author: Míriam Javier-Torrent, Assumpció Bosch, Xavier Navarro, Inmaculada Lopez-Font, Ricardo Rojas-García, Kaj Blennow, Janina Turon-Sans, Carlos A. Saura, Alberto Lleó, Aitana Sogorb-Esteve, Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa, Javier Sáez-Valero, Henrik Zetterberg, Belén García-Lareu, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Wallenberg Academy, Swedish Research Council, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, Receptor, ErbB-4, Immunoprecipitation, Mice, Transgenic, Receptor tyrosine kinase, lcsh:RC321-571, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, ErbB4, Plasma, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, medicine, Animals, Humans, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, ERBB4, Aged, biology, Chemistry, fungi, Brain, Biomarker, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Peptide Fragments, 030104 developmental biology, ALS transgenic mouse, Neurology, Ectodomain, Knockout mouse, biology.protein, Female, Biomarkers, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction
Abstract: ErbB4 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to neuregulins to activate signaling. Proteolytic cleavage of ErbB4 results in release of soluble fragments of ErbB4 into the interstitial fluid. Disruption of the neuregulin-ErbB4 pathway has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study assesses whether soluble proteolytic fragments of the ErbB4 ectodomain (ecto-ErbB4) can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and if the levels are altered in ALS. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry or western blotting analyses confirmed the presence of ecto-ErbB4 in human CSF. Several anti-ErbB4-reactive bands, including a 55 kDa fragment, were detected in CSF. The bands were generated in the presence of neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) and were absent in plasma from ErbB4 knockout mice. Ecto-ErbB4 levels were decreased in CSF from ALS patients (n = 20) and ALS with concomitant frontotemporal dementia patients (n = 10), compared to age-matched controls (n = 13). A similar decrease was found for the short ecto-ErbB4 fragments in plasma of the same subjects. Likewise, the 55-kDa ecto-ErbB4 fragments were decreased in the plasma of the two transgenic mouse models of ALS (SOD1G93A and TDP-43A315T). Intracellular ErbB4 fragments were decreased in the frontal cortex from SOD1G93A mice, indicating a reduction in Nrg-dependent induction of ErbB4 proteolytic processing, and suggesting impaired signaling. Accordingly, overexpression of Nrg1 induced by an adeno-associated viral vector increased the levels of the ecto-ErbB4 fragment in the SOD1G93A mice. We conclude that the determination of circulating ecto-ErbB4 fragments could be a tool to evaluate the impairment of the ErbB4 pathway and may be a useful biomarker in ALS., This work was supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI15/00665 to JSV and PI15/01618 to RRG), cooperative project 2015-01 from CIBERNED (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) to XN and JSV, all co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Unión Europea, “Una manera de hacer Europa”; grants TV3201428-10 to XN and 201437 to RRG of Fundació La Marato-TV3; and grant #20289 of AFM-Telethon to XN. HZ is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow and is supported by grants from the Swedish and European Research Councils and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. KB holds the Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. We also acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2017-0723).
Published: 2019

15. The Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Selectively Reprograms the Host Cell Translatome

Author: Julie Lorent, Maritza Jaramillo, Laia Masvidal, Tommy Alain, Ola Larsson, Visnu Chaparro, Bruno D. Fonseca, Tyson E. Graber, Léon C van Kempen, Maria Aguirre, Louis-Philippe Leroux, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Jewish General Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), This work was supported by a Basil O'Connor starter scholar research award (5-FY14-78) and a research grant (6-FY16-151) from The March of Dimes Foundation to M.J. The Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions is supported by a Subvention de Regroupement Stratégique from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Nature et Technologies (FRQ-NT). M.J. is a recipient of a Bourse de Chercheur-Boursier Junior 1 from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQ-S) and a Subvention d'Établissement de Jeune Chercheur from the FRQ-S. V.C. is supported by a Ph.D. scholarship from the Fondation Universitaire Armand Frappier. Research in the laboratory of O.L. is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Wallenberg Academy Fellows program., and We are grateful to Nahum Sonenberg for providing bone marrow from C57BL/6 s6k1−/− s6k2−/− mice (McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada). We thank Medhi Jafarnejad (McGill University) for technical advice. We are thankful to Annie Sylvestre and Annik Lafrance for invaluable technical assistance. We acknowledge support from the Science for Life Laboratory, the National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI), and Uppmax for providing assistance in massive parallel sequencing and computational infrastructure.
Subjects: MESH: Signal Transduction, 0301 basic medicine, DIFFERENTIAL TRANSLATION, Protozoan Proteins, MESH: Toxoplasma/pathogenicity, RNA 5' Terminal Oligopyrimidine Sequence, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Mice, Poly(A)-binding protein, Protein biosynthesis, host-pathogen interactions, MESH: Animals, Cells, Cultured, Mice, Knockout, biology, IMMUNE-RESPONSES, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, translational control, Translation (biology), Cell biology, macrophages, Infectious Diseases, MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION, mTOR, PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS, MESH: Host-Parasite Interactions, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Toxoplasma, Signal Transduction, MESH: Cells, Cultured, Translational efficiency, Immunology, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM, MESH: RNA 5' Terminal Oligopyrimidine Sequence, Toxoplasma gondii, Microbiology, DENDRITIC CELLS, Host-Parasite Interactions, POLY(A)-BINDING PROTEINS, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Protein Biosynthesis/genetics, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE, parasitic diseases, Animals, MESH: Mice, Mechanistic target of rapamycin, Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Intracellular parasite, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Protozoan Proteins/immunology, Cytoplasm organization, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics, MAMMALIAN-TARGET, 030104 developmental biology, Protein Biosynthesis, MESH: TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics, biology.protein, INNATE IMMUNITY, MESH: Macrophages/parasitology, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii promotes infection by targeting multiple host cell processes; however, whether it modulates mRNA translation is currently unknown. Here, we show that infection of primary murine macrophages with type I or II T. gondii strains causes a profound perturbation of the host cell translatome. Notably, translation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in metabolic activity and components of the translation machinery was activated upon infection. In contrast, the translational efficiency of mRNAs related to immune cell activation and cytoskeleton/cytoplasm organization was largely suppressed. Mechanistically, T. gondii bolstered mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to selectively activate the translation of mTOR-sensitive mRNAs, including those with a 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5' TOP) motif and those encoding mitochondrion-related proteins. Consistent with parasite modulation of host mTOR-sensitive translation to promote infection, inhibition of mTOR activity suppressed T. gondii replication. Thus, selective reprogramming of host mRNA translation represents an important subversion strategy during T. gondii infection.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Recent origin and rapid speciation of Neotropical orchids in the world's richest plant biodiversity hotspot

Author: Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro, Chomicki, Guillaume, Condamine, Fabien, Karremans, Adam, BogarÍn, Diego, Matzke, Nicholas, Silvestro, Daniele, Antonelli, Alexandre, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Gothenburg (GU), Royal Botanic Gardens, Surrey, UK, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Australian National University (ANU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg Botanical Garden (Botaniska), O.A.P-E. is supported by a Colombian National Science Foundation (COLCIENCIAS) scholarship and G.C. is supported by a German Science Foundation grant (RE 603/20). F.L.C. is supported by a Marie Curie grant (BIOMME project, IOF-627684) and has benefited from an 'Investissements d'Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01). A.P.K. and D.B. were supported by grants from the Alberta Mennega Foundation. N.J.M. was supported by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through NSF Award no. EFJ0832858, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and is currently supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award DE150101773, funded by the Australian Research Council, and by The Australian National University. D.S. is funded by the Swedish Research Council (2015-04748). A.A. is supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013, ERC Grant Agreement no. 331024), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 627684,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF,BIOMME(2015), European Project: ERC FP/2007‐2013, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: Neotropics, diversification, molecular clocks, Full Paper, Genetic Speciation, Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Andes, Biodiversity, South America, Full Papers, Orchidaceae/genetics, Orchidaceae/physiology, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Orchidaceae, biodiversity hotspots, biogeography, mountain building, neotropics, Mountain building, Biogeography, Diversification, Biodiversity hostpots, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Molecular clocks
Abstract: The Andean mountains of South America are the most species‐rich biodiversity hotspot worldwide with c. 15% of the world's plant species, in only 1% of the world's land surface. Orchids are a key element of the Andean flora, and one of the most prominent components of the Neotropical epiphyte diversity, yet very little is known about their origin and diversification. We address this knowledge gap by inferring the biogeographical history and diversification dynamics of the two largest Neotropical orchid groups (Cymbidieae and Pleurothallidinae), using two unparalleled, densely sampled orchid phylogenies (including more than 400 newly generated DNA sequences), comparative phylogenetic methods, geological and biological datasets. We find that the majority of Andean orchid lineages only originated in the last 20–15 million yr. Andean lineages are derived from lowland Amazonian ancestors, with additional contributions from Central America and the Antilles. Species diversification is correlated with Andean orogeny, and multiple migrations and recolonizations across the Andes indicate that mountains do not constrain orchid dispersal over long timescales. Our study sheds new light on the timing and geography of a major Neotropical diversification, and suggests that mountain uplift promotes species diversification across all elevational zones. German Science Foundation/[RE 603/20]/DFG/Alemania Agence Nationale de la Recherche/[ANR‐10‐LABX‐25‐01]/ANR/Francia National Science Foundation/[EFJ0832858]/NSF/Estados Unidos Discovery Early Career Researcher Award/[DE150101773]/DECRA/Australia Swedish Research Council/[2015‐04748]//Suecia European Research Council/[331024]/ERC/Unión Europea European Union's Seventh Framework Program/[FP/2007‐2013]/FP7/Unión Europea UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Jardín Botánico Lankester (JBL)
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Thermal, structural and in vitro dissolution of antimicrobial copper-doped and slow resorbable iron-doped phosphate glasses

Author: Mats Andersson, Maria Pihl, Jean Rocherullé, Jonathan Massera, Turkka Salminen, Laeticia Petit, Ayush Mishra, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Initial Research Cost, Academy of Finland [310359], Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation through their Wallenberg Academy Fellows program, Suomen Akatemia (FI), Academy of Finland [310359, 275427, 284492], Knut and Alice Wallenburg Foundation, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Materials science, 0206 medical engineering, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, symbols.namesake, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Dissolution, Antimicrobial properties of copper, Precipitation (chemistry), Depolymerization, Magnesium, Mechanical Engineering, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020601 biomedical engineering, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Bioactive glass, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; This paper focuses on investigating and comparing the effects of CuO and Fe2O3 addition on the bioactive response of glass having composition [xCuO or Fe2O3 + (100 - x) (0.2CaO + 0.2SrO + 0.1Na(2)O + 0.5P(2)O(5))] (in mol%), where x is ranging from 0 up to 5. The addition of CuO was found to increase the hot processing window and the dissolution rate leading to a fast surface layer precipitation. Using IR and Raman spectroscopies, we related this change in the bioactive response of this glass to the progressive depolymerization of the glass network induced by the addition of CuO. On the other hand, the addition of Fe2O3 was found to reduce the hot processing window and the dissolution rate as no depolymerization of the network occurs due to the formation of P-O-Fe bonds at the expense of P-O-P bonds. All the glasses were found to dissolve congruently and in a controlled manner. Finally, the antimicrobial properties of the copper-doped glasses were examined and compared to bioactive glasses which are known to exhibit good antimicrobial properties. The CuO addition leads to higher antimicrobial properties than the commercial bioactive glass S53P4 and total bacterial elimination could be obtained.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Toward a Self-Updating Platform for Estimating Rates of Speciation and Migration, Ages, and Relationships of Taxa

Author: Antonelli A, Hettling H, Fl, Condamine, Vos K, Henrik Nilsson, Mj, Sanderson, Sauquet H, Scharn R, Silvestro D, Töpel M, Cd, Bacon, Oxelman B, Ra, Vos, University of Gothenburg (GU), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia, Gothenburg Botanical Garden (Botaniska), Naturalis Biodivers Ctr, Darwinweg 2, NL-2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of Arizona, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council [B0569601 to A.A.] and [2012-3917 to B.O.], the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [FP/2007-2013, ERC Grant Agreement No. 331024] and a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship [to A.A.], project BioVeL [Grant No. 283359 to H.H.], Carl Tryggers stiftelse [CTS 12:24, 11:479 and 12:507 to F.L.C., D.S., and M.T.], Wenner-Gren [to D.S.], and FORMAS [215-2011-498 to R.H.N.]., European Project: ERC FP/2007‐2013, European Project: 283359,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-2,BIOVEL(2011), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: Fossils, primates, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Special Issue: Frontiers in Parametric Biogeography, Age Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Bayesian phylogenetics, Bayes Theorem, data mining, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Arecaceae, Classification, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Time, GenBank, tree calibration, multilocus multispecies coalescent, Animals, Animal Migration, next-generation sequencing, Arecaceae/classification, Classification/methods, Phylogeny, Primates/classification, divide-and-conquer methods, palms, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Rapidly growing biological data-including molecular sequences and fossils-hold an unprecedented potential to reveal how evolutionary processes generate and maintain biodiversity. However, researchers often have to develop their own idiosyncratic workflows to integrate and analyze these data for reconstructing time-calibrated phylogenies. In addition, divergence times estimated under different methods and assumptions, and based on data of various quality and reliability, should not be combined without proper correction. Here we introduce a modular framework termed SUPERSMART (Self-Updating Platform for Estimating Rates of Speciation and Migration, Ages, and Relationships of Taxa), and provide a proof of concept for dealing with the moving targets of evolutionary and biogeographical research. This framework assembles comprehensive data sets of molecular and fossil data for any taxa and infers dated phylogenies using robust species tree methods, also allowing for the inclusion of genomic data produced through next-generation sequencing techniques. We exemplify the application of our method by presenting phylogenetic and dating analyses for the mammal order Primates and for the plant family Arecaceae (palms). We believe that this framework will provide a valuable tool for a wide range of hypothesis-driven research questions in systematics, biogeography, and evolution. SUPERSMART will also accelerate the inference of a "Dated Tree of Life" where all node ages are directly comparable. [Bayesian phylogenetics; data mining; divide-and-conquer methods; GenBank; multilocus multispecies coalescent; next-generation sequencing; palms; primates; tree calibration.].
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae)

Author: Laura P. Lagomarsino, Alexandre Antonelli, Fabien L. Condamine, Charles C. Davis, Andreas Mulch, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University, University of Gothenburg (GU), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, We thank members of the Davis and Antonelli research groups for helpful feedback, and Suzette Flantua, Elisabeth Forrestel, Carina Hoorn, Daniel Santamaría‐Aguilar, and Zhenxiang Xi for insightful conversations. The directors and curators at the following herbaria provided important access to their collections: BOLV, CR, GB, GH, INB, LPB, MO, MOL, NY, PMA, SCZ, SMF and USZ (acronyms follow the Index Herbariorum, Theirs et al., 2013 (continuously updated)). We are also very thankful for the detailed and insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers and the editors. Funding was provided by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant DEB‐1210401 to L.P.L. and C.C.D., by the Swedish Research Council (B05 69601), the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007‐2013, ERC Grant Agreement no. 331024), and a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship to A.A., by the Carl Tryggers Stiftelse (CTS 12:14) and a Marie Curie Actions (BIOMME project, IOF‐627684) to F.L.C., and by the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, the Botanical Society of America, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Arnold Arboretum's Deland Award, the Explorer's Club, and the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies to L.P.L., European Project: ERC FP/2007‐2013, Harvard University [Cambridge], and Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biodiversity hotspot, Neotropics, diversification, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate, Climate Change, Biodiversity, Climate change, Andes, Flowers, Plant Science, Biology, Pollination syndrome, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Lobelioideae, 03 medical and health sciences, Pollination, Phylogeny, Abiotic component, Plant evolution, Codonopsis, Extinction, Biotic component, rapid radiation, Ecology, Geology, South America, Biological Evolution, Biodiversity hotspot, 030104 developmental biology, ddc:580, pollination syndromes
Abstract: International audience; The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes collectively explain such radiations, their relative contributions are seldom examined within a single clade. We explore the contribution of these factors by applying a series of diversification models that incorporate mountain building, climate change, and trait evolution to the first dated phylogeny of Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae). Our framework is novel for its direct incorporation of geological data on Andean uplift into a macroevolutionary model. We show that speciation and extinction are differentially influenced by abiotic factors: speciation rates rose concurrently with Andean elevation, while extinction rates decreased during global cooling. Pollination syndrome and fruit type, both biotic traits known to facilitate mutualisms, played an additional role in driving diversification. These abiotic and biotic factors resulted in one of the fastest radiations reported to date: the centropogonids, whose 550 species arose in the last 5 million yr. Our study represents a significant advance in our understanding of plant evolution in Andean cloud forests. It further highlights the power of combining phylogenetic and Earth science models to explore the interplay of geology, climate, and ecology in generating the world's biodiversity.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Assessment of mTOR-Dependent Translational Regulation of Interferon Stimulated Genes

Author: Philippe Robert, Gilles Uzé, Kristina Sikström, Ola Larsson, Sandra Pellegrini, Mark Livingstone, Signalisation des Cytokines, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques (DIMNP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was supported by funding (to ML) from the Pasteur Foundation, institutional support from Institut Pasteur and CNRS, and grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Wallenberg Academy Fellows program (to OL)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Science, Biology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, Translational regulation, medicine, Protein biosynthesis, Humans, Naphthyridines, Phosphorylation, Transcription factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, MESH: TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, MESH: Interferon-beta, MESH: Phosphorylation, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, RPTOR, MESH: Naphthyridines, virus diseases, Translation (biology), Interferon-beta, Molecular biology, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Cell Line, Gene Expression Regulation, Protein Biosynthesis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Protein Biosynthesis, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Medicine, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Type-I interferon (IFN)-induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in translational control of mRNAs encoding inter-feron-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, mTOR-sensitive translatomes commonly include mRNAs with a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP), such as those encoding ribosomal proteins, but not ISGs. Because these translatomes were obtained under conditions when ISG expression is not induced, we examined the mTOR-sensitive translatome in human WISH cells stimulated with IFN β. The mTOR inhibitor Torin1 resulted in a repression of global protein synthesis, including that of ISG products, and translation of all but 3 ISG mRNAs (TLR3, NT5C3A, and RNF19B) was not selectively more sensitive to mTOR inhibition. Detailed studies of NT5C3A revealed an IFN-induced change in transcription start site resulting in a switch from a non-TOP to a TOP-like transcript variant and mTOR sensitive translation. Thus, we show that, in the cell model used, translation of the vast majority of ISG mRNAs is not selectively sensitive to mTOR activity and describe an uncharacterized mechanism wherein the 5'-UTR of an mRNA is altered in response to a cytokine, resulting in a shift from mTOR-insensitive to mTOR-sensitive translation.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. H.E.S.S. Limits on Linelike Dark Matter Signatures in the 100 GeV to 2 TeV Energy Range Close to the Galactic Center.

Author: Abdalla H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Andersson T, Angüner EO, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Carr J, Casanova S, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RC, Chen A, Chevalier J, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Condon B, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Goyal A, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Hahn J, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jogler T, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AM, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Öttl S, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spies F, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tuffs R, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, and Żywucka N
Abstract: A search for dark matter linelike signals iss performed in the vicinity of the Galactic Center by the H.E.S.S. experiment on observational data taken in 2014. An unbinned likelihood analysis iss developed to improve the sensitivity to linelike signals. The upgraded analysis along with newer data extend the energy coverage of the previous measurement down to 100 GeV. The 18 h of data collected with the H.E.S.S. array allow one to rule out at 95% C.L. the presence of a 130 GeV line (at l=-1.5°, b=0° and for a dark matter profile centered at this location) previously reported in Fermi-LAT data. This new analysis overlaps significantly in energy with previous Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S., Results: No significant excess associated with dark matter annihilations was found in the energy range of 100 GeV to 2 TeV and upper limits on the gamma-ray flux and the velocity weighted annihilation cross section are derived adopting an Einasto dark matter halo profile. Expected limits for present and future large statistics H.E.S.S. observations are also given.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Search for Dark Matter Annihilations towards the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S.

Author: Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Angüner E, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Carr J, Casanova S, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RC, Chen A, Chevalier J, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Condon B, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Goyal A, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Hahn J, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jogler T, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Lohse T, Lorentz M, Lui R, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Menzler U, Meyer M, Mitchell AM, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, Odaka H, Ohm S, Öttl S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spieß F, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tuffs R, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, and Żywucka N
Abstract: The inner region of the Milky Way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (DM). Given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for DM. We report on a search for the annihilations of DM particles using γ-ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the Milky Way, with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. The analysis is based on a 2D maximum likelihood method using Galactic Center (GC) data accumulated by H.E.S.S. over the last 10 years (2004-2014), and does not show any significant γ-ray signal above background. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White DM density profiles at the GC, we derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩. These constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range and improve upon previous limits by a factor 5. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach ⟨σv⟩ values of 6×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} in the W^{+}W^{-} channel for a DM particle mass of 1.5 TeV, and 2×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} in the τ^{+}τ^{-} channel for a 1 TeV mass. For the first time, ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to probe ⟨σv⟩ values expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data.

Author: Ackermann M, Albert A, Anderson B, Atwood WB, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cuoco A, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Essig R, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Gomez-Vargas GA, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Horan D, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Kuss M, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Llena Garde M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Malyshev D, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Meyer M, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Sánchez-Conde M, Schulz A, Sehgal N, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strigari L, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Troja E, Vianello G, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Zaharijas G, and Zimmer S
Abstract: The dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) of the Milky Way are some of the most dark matter (DM) dominated objects known. We report on γ-ray observations of Milky Way dSphs based on six years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data processed with the new Pass8 event-level analysis. None of the dSphs are significantly detected in γ rays, and we present upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section from a combined analysis of 15 dSphs. These constraints are among the strongest and most robust to date and lie below the canonical thermal relic cross section for DM of mass ≲100 GeV annihilating via quark and τ-lepton channels.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Constraints on an annihilation signal from a core of constant dark matter density around the milky way center with H.E.S.S.

Author: Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Angüner EO, Backes M, Balenderan S, Balzer A, Barnacka A, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Biteau J, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Chadwick PM, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RC, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fernandez D, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Häffner S, Hahn J, Harris J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky F, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, McComb TJ, Méhault J, Meintjes PJ, Menzler U, Meyer M, Mitchell AM, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Oakes L, Odaka H, Ohm S, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reichardt I, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spies F, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Valerius K, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorster M, Vuillaume T, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, Ward M, Weidinger M, Weitzel Q, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, and Zechlin HS
Abstract: An annihilation signal of dark matter is searched for from the central region of the Milky Way. Data acquired in dedicated on-off observations of the Galactic center region with H.E.S.S. are analyzed for this purpose. No significant signal is found in a total of ∼9 h of on-off observations. Upper limits on the velocity averaged cross section, ⟨σv⟩, for the annihilation of dark matter particles with masses in the range of ∼300 GeV to ∼10 TeV are derived. In contrast to previous constraints derived from observations of the Galactic center region, the constraints that are derived here apply also under the assumption of a central core of constant dark matter density around the center of the Galaxy. Values of ⟨σv⟩ that are larger than 3×10^{-24} cm^{3}/s are excluded for dark matter particles with masses between ∼1 and ∼4 TeV at 95% C.L. if the radius of the central dark matter density core does not exceed 500 pc. This is the strongest constraint that is derived on ⟨σv⟩ for annihilating TeV mass dark matter without the assumption of a centrally cusped dark matter density distribution in the search region.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources

Refine your results

24 results on '"Wallenberg Academy"'

1. A functional connection between translation elongation and protein folding at the ribosome exit tunnel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2. Decreased circulating ErbB4 ectodomain fragments as a read-out of impaired signaling function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

3. System-wide Profiling of RNA-Binding Proteins Uncovers Key Regulators of Virus Infection

4. Detecting macroecological patterns in bacterial communities across independent studies of global soils

5. A functional connection between translation elongation and protein folding at the ribosome exit tunnel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

6. Muscle-selective RUNX3 dependence of sensorimotor circuit development

7. Identification of cell surface markers and establishment of monolayer differentiation to retinal pigment epithelial cells

8. Altered Balance of Reelin Proteolytic Fragments in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

9. eIF4E-Binding Proteins 1 and 2 Limit Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Responses through Translational Repression of IL-10 and Cyclooxygenase-2

10. Winter warming effects on tundra shrub performance are species-specific and dependent on spring conditions

11. Iron supply pathways between the surface and subsurface waters of the Southern Ocean: From winter entrainment to summer storms

12. Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 species

13. System-wide Profiling of RNA-Binding Proteins Uncovers Key Regulators of Virus Infection

14. Decreased circulating ErbB4 ectodomain fragments as a read-out of impaired signaling function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

15. The Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Selectively Reprograms the Host Cell Translatome

16. Recent origin and rapid speciation of Neotropical orchids in the world's richest plant biodiversity hotspot

17. Thermal, structural and in vitro dissolution of antimicrobial copper-doped and slow resorbable iron-doped phosphate glasses

18. Toward a Self-Updating Platform for Estimating Rates of Speciation and Migration, Ages, and Relationships of Taxa

19. The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae)

20. Assessment of mTOR-Dependent Translational Regulation of Interferon Stimulated Genes

21. H.E.S.S. Limits on Linelike Dark Matter Signatures in the 100 GeV to 2 TeV Energy Range Close to the Galactic Center.

22. Search for Dark Matter Annihilations towards the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S.

23. Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data.

24. Constraints on an annihilation signal from a core of constant dark matter density around the milky way center with H.E.S.S.

Catalog

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

24 results on '"Wallenberg Academy"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources