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Passengers escaping from a sinking or inclined ship inevitably choose the transversal, upward, and downward routes and the coupled route where two statuses coexist. A passenger's travel speed varies greatly depending on individual characteristics, as well as the environmental factors, such as the inclination of the ship and the route status. In this study, the walking speed reduction coefficient that considers the coupled effect of trim and heel was applied according to the route status for realistic escape simulation. To calculate the walking speed reduction, the coupling coefficient is introduced to assign weighted values to the coupled route where two route statuses exist. To establish the necessity of reflecting upon the passenger's route status in the escape simulation, simulations were performed on tests 6, 10, and 11 of IMO MSC.1/Circ.1533 ANNEX 3. We believe more accurate ship evacuation simulation can be performed considering the coupled effect of trim and heel.

Simulation methods that can overcome the limitations of theory and experiment are widely used to predict disaster situations and analyze evacuation safety. To obtain more accurate and realistic simulation results, various situations that arise when people evacuate must be reflected. In this research, regression analysis is applied to existing research on walking speed changes according to crowd density, and we suggest a new equation for walking speed changes of people during evacuation. The suggested equation is applied to crowd evacuation simulations based on the actual viewing angle of a person. In addition, we developed a fallen person algorithm and applied it to examples from the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) to analyze the effect a fallen person has on evacuation. Through this research, evacuation safety analysis can be performed for cases involving falling people, and it will be possible to design buildings that can minimize risk and evacuation time in case of an actual emergency situation by analyzing the optimum measures more strictly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]