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2. Improved understanding of physics processes in pedestal structure, leading to improved predictive capability for ITER

Author

Groebner, RJ, Chang, CS, Hughes, JW, Maingi, R, Snyder, PB, Xu, XQ, Boedo, JA, Boyle, DP, Callen, JD, Canik, JM, Cziegler, I, Davis, EM, Diallo, A, Diamond, PH, Elder, JD, Eldon, DP, Ernst, DR, Fulton, DP, Landreman, M, Leonard, AW, Lore, JD, Osborne, TH, Pankin, AY, Parker, SE, Rhodes, TL, Smith, SP, Sontag, AC, Stacey, WM, Walk, J, Wan, W, Wang, EH-J, Watkins, JG, White, AE, Whyte, DG, Yan, Z, Belli, EA, Bray, BD, Candy, J, Churchill, RM, Deterly, TM, Doyle, EJ, Fenstermacher, ME, Ferraro, NM, Hubbard, AE, Joseph, I, Kinsey, JE, LaBombard, B, Lasnier, CJ, Lin, Z, Lipschultz, BL, Liu, C, Ma, Y, McKee, GR, Ponce, DM, Rost, JC, Schmitz, L, Staebler, GM, Sugiyama, LE, Terry, JL, Umansky, MV, Waltz, RE, Wolfe, SM, Zeng, L, and Zweben, SJ

Subjects
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Joint experiment/theory/modelling research has led to increased confidence in predictions of the pedestal height in ITER. This work was performed as part of a US Department of Energy Joint Research Target in FY11 to identify physics processes that control the H-mode pedestal structure. The study included experiments on C-Mod, DIII-D and NSTX as well as interpretation of experimental data with theory-based modelling codes. This work provides increased confidence in the ability of models for peeling-ballooning stability, bootstrap current, pedestal width and pedestal height scaling to make correct predictions, with some areas needing further work also being identified. A model for pedestal pressure height has made good predictions in existing machines for a range in pressure of a factor of 20. This provides a solid basis for predicting the maximum pedestal pressure height in ITER, which is found to be an extrapolation of a factor of 3 beyond the existing data set. Models were studied for a number of processes that are proposed to play a role in the pedestal ne and Te profiles. These processes include neoclassical transport, paleoclassical transport, electron temperature gradient turbulence and neutral fuelling. All of these processes may be important, with the importance being dependent on the plasma regime. Studies with several electromagnetic gyrokinetic codes show that the gradients in and on top of the pedestal can drive a number of instabilities. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2013

4. Whole sporozoite immunization with Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 in a randomized trial.

Author

Boor, S.C. van der, Alkema, M., Gemert, G.J. van, Teelen, K.A., Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Walk, J., Crevel, R. van, Mast, Q. de, Ockenhouse, C.F., Sauerwein, R.W., McCall, M.B.B., Boor, S.C. van der, Alkema, M., Gemert, G.J. van, Teelen, K.A., Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Walk, J., Crevel, R. van, Mast, Q. de, Ockenhouse, C.F., Sauerwein, R.W., and McCall, M.B.B.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Whole sporozoite immunization under chemoprophylaxis (CPS regime) induces long-lasting sterile homologous protection in the controlled human malaria infection model using Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54. The relative proficiency of liver-stage parasite development may be an important factor determining immunization efficacy. Previous studies show that Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 produces relatively high numbers of large liver-stage schizonts in vitro. Here, we evaluate this strain for use in CPS immunization regimes. METHODS: In a partially randomized, open-label study conducted at the Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, healthy, malaria-naïve adults were immunized by three rounds of fifteen or five NF135-infected mosquito bites under mefloquine prophylaxis (cohort A) or fifteen NF135-infected mosquito bites and presumptive treatment with artemether/lumefantrine (cohort B). Cohort A participants were exposed to a homologous challenge 19 weeks after immunization. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CPS immunizations with NF135. RESULTS: Relatively high liver-to-blood inocula were observed during immunization with NF135 in both cohorts. Eighteen of 30 (60%) high-dose participants and 3/10 (30%) low-dose participants experienced grade 3 adverse events 7 to 21 days following their first immunization. All cohort A participants and two participants in cohort B developed breakthrough blood-stage malaria infections during immunizations requiring rescue treatment. The resulting compromised immunizations induced modest sterile protection against homologous challenge in cohort A (5/17; 29%). CONCLUSIONS: These CPS regimes using NF135 were relatively poorly tolerated and frequently required rescue treatment, thereby compromising immunization efficiency and protective efficacy. Consequently, the full potential of NF135 sporozoites for induction of immune protection remains inconclusive. Nonetheless, the high l

Published
2023

5. Effects of Vitamin D and K on Interleukin-6 in COVID-19

Author

Visser, M.P.J., Dofferhoff, A.S.M., Ouweland, J.M.W. van den, Daal, Henny van, Kramers, C., Schurgers, L.J., Janssen, Rob, Walk, J., Visser, M.P.J., Dofferhoff, A.S.M., Ouweland, J.M.W. van den, Daal, Henny van, Kramers, C., Schurgers, L.J., Janssen, Rob, and Walk, J.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 247120.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

7. Reduced Vitamin K Status as a Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019

Author

Dofferhoff, A.S.M., Piscaer, I., Schurgers, L.J., Visser, M.P.J., Ouweland, J.M.W. van den, Jong, Pa. de, Gosens, R., Hackeng, T.M., Daal, H. van, Lux, P., Maassen, C., Karssemeijer, E.G.A., Vermeer, C., Wouters, E.F.M., Kistemaker, L.E.M., Walk, J., Janssen, R., Dofferhoff, A.S.M., Piscaer, I., Schurgers, L.J., Visser, M.P.J., Ouweland, J.M.W. van den, Jong, Pa. de, Gosens, R., Hackeng, T.M., Daal, H. van, Lux, P., Maassen, C., Karssemeijer, E.G.A., Vermeer, C., Wouters, E.F.M., Kistemaker, L.E.M., Walk, J., and Janssen, R.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure and thromboembolism are frequent in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients. Vitamin K activates both hepatic coagulation factors and extrahepatic endothelial anticoagulant protein S, required for thrombosis prevention. In times of vitamin K insufficiency, hepatic procoagulant factors are preferentially activated over extrahepatic proteins. Vitamin K also activates matrix Gla protein (MGP), which protects against pulmonary and vascular elastic fiber damage. We hypothesized that vitamin K may be implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), linking pulmonary and thromboembolic disease. METHODS: A total of 135 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were compared with 184 historic controls. Inactive vitamin K-dependent MGP (desphospho-uncarboxylated [dp-uc] MGP) and prothrombin (PIVKA-II) were measured inversely related to extrahepatic and hepatic vitamin K status, respectively. Desmosine was measured to quantify the rate of elastic fiber degradation. Arterial calcification severity was assessed using computed tomography. RESULTS: dp-ucMGP was elevated in COVID-19 patients compared with controls (P < .001), with even higher dp-ucMGP in patients with poor outcomes (P < .001). PIVKA-II was normal in 82.1% of patients. dp-ucMGP was correlated with desmosine (P < .001) and with coronary artery (P = .002) and thoracic aortic (P < .001) calcification scores. CONCLUSIONS: dp-ucMGP was severely increased in COVID-19 patients, indicating extrahepatic vitamin K insufficiency, which was related to poor outcome; hepatic procoagulant factor II remained unaffected. These data suggest pneumonia-induced extrahepatic vitamin K depletion leading to accelerated elastic fiber damage and thrombosis in severe COVID-19 due to impaired activation of MGP and endothelial protein S, respectively.

Published
2021

9. Towards improved monitoring of offshore carbon storage: A real-world field experiment detecting a controlled sub-seafloor CO2 release

Author

Flohr, A., Schaap, A., Achterberg, Eric P., Alendal, G., Arundell, M., Berndt, Christian, Blackford, J., Böttner, Christoph, Borisov, S. M., Brown, R., Bull, J. M., Carter, L., Chen, B., Dale, Andrew W., de Beer, D., Dean, M., Deusner, Christian, Dewar, M., Durden, J. M., Elsen, Saskia, Esposito, Mario, Faggetter, M., Fischer, J. P., Gana, M., Gros, Jonas, Haeckel, Matthias, Hanz, R., Holtappels, M., Hosking, B., Huvenne, V. A. I., James, R. H., Koopmans, D., Kossel, Elke, Leighton, T. G., Li, J., Lichtschlag, A., Linke, Peter, Loucaides, S., Martinez-Cabanas, Maria, Matter, J. M., Mesher, T., Monk, S., Mowlem, M., Oleynik, A., Papadimitriou, S., Paxton, D., Pearce, C. R., Peel, K., Roche, B., Ruhl, H. A., Saleem, U., Sands, C., Saw, K., Schmidt, Mark, Sommer, Stefan, Strong, J. A., Triest, J., Ungerböck, B., Walk, J., White, P., Widdicombe, S., Wilson, R. E., Wright, H., Wyatt, J., Connelly, D., Flohr, A., Schaap, A., Achterberg, Eric P., Alendal, G., Arundell, M., Berndt, Christian, Blackford, J., Böttner, Christoph, Borisov, S. M., Brown, R., Bull, J. M., Carter, L., Chen, B., Dale, Andrew W., de Beer, D., Dean, M., Deusner, Christian, Dewar, M., Durden, J. M., Elsen, Saskia, Esposito, Mario, Faggetter, M., Fischer, J. P., Gana, M., Gros, Jonas, Haeckel, Matthias, Hanz, R., Holtappels, M., Hosking, B., Huvenne, V. A. I., James, R. H., Koopmans, D., Kossel, Elke, Leighton, T. G., Li, J., Lichtschlag, A., Linke, Peter, Loucaides, S., Martinez-Cabanas, Maria, Matter, J. M., Mesher, T., Monk, S., Mowlem, M., Oleynik, A., Papadimitriou, S., Paxton, D., Pearce, C. R., Peel, K., Roche, B., Ruhl, H. A., Saleem, U., Sands, C., Saw, K., Schmidt, Mark, Sommer, Stefan, Strong, J. A., Triest, J., Ungerböck, B., Walk, J., White, P., Widdicombe, S., Wilson, R. E., Wright, H., Wyatt, J., and Connelly, D.

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes in a feasible, substantial, and timely manner. For geological CO2 storage to be safe, reliable, and accepted by society, robust strategies for CO2 leakage detection, quantification and management are crucial. The STEMM-CCS (Strategies for Environmental Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage) project aimed to provide techniques and understanding to enable and inform cost-effective monitoring of CCS sites in the marine environment. A controlled CO2 release experiment was carried out in the central North Sea, designed to mimic an unintended emission of CO2 from a subsurface CO2 storage site to the seafloor. A total of 675 kg of CO2 were released into the shallow sediments (~3 m 49 below seafloor), at flow rates between 6 and 143 kg/d. A combination of novel techniques, adapted versions of existing techniques, and well-proven standard techniques were used to detect, characterise and quantify gaseous and dissolved CO2 in the sediments and the overlying seawater. This paper provides an overview of this ambitious field experiment. We describe the preparatory work prior to the release experiment, the experimental layout and procedures, the methods tested, and summarise the main results and the lessons learnt.

Published
2021
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10. Diversity of protective immune responses in human malaria.

Author

Walk, J. and Walk, J.

Subjects
Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences., Radboudumc 4: lnfectious Diseases and Global Health., Radboudumc 4: lnfectious Diseases and Global Health RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences.
Published
2021

11. Vitamin D – contrary to vitamin K – does not associate with clinical outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Author

Walk J, van Daal H, van den Ouweland Jm, Janssen R, and Anton S M Dofferhoff

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Inflammation, Calcium, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Asymptomatic, chemistry, Internal medicine, Vitamin K deficiency, Cohort, Coagulopathy, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, medicine.symptom, Respiratory system, business
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 causes remarkably variable disease from asymptomatic individuals to respiratory insufficiency and coagulopathy. Vitamin K deficiency was recently found to associate with clinical outcome in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D has been hypothesized to reduce disease susceptibility by modulating inflammation, yet little is known about its role in disease severity. Considering the critical interaction between vitamin K and vitamin D in calcium and elastic fiber metabolism, we determined vitamin D status in the same cohort of 135 hospitalized COVID-19 patients by measuring blood 25(OH)D levels. We found no difference in vitamin D status between those with good and poor outcome (defined as intubation and/or death). Instead, we found vitamin D sufficient persons (25(OH)D >50 nmol/L) had accelerated elastic fiber degradation compared to those with mild deficiency (25(OH)D 25-50 nmol/L). Based on these findings, we hypothesize that vitamin D might have both favorable anti-inflammatory and unfavorable pro-calcification effects during COVID-19 and that vitamin K might compensate for the latter.

Published
2020

12. Controlled Human Malaria Infection Induces Long-Term Functional Changes in Monocytes

Author

Walk, J., Keramati, F., Bree, L.C.J. de, Arts, R.J.W., Blok, B.A., Netea, M.G., Stunnenberg, H.G., Sauerwein, R.W., Walk, J., Keramati, F., Bree, L.C.J. de, Arts, R.J.W., Blok, B.A., Netea, M.G., Stunnenberg, H.G., and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 229574.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Innate immune memory responses (also termed "trained immunity") have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as LPS, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and monosodium urate crystals. However, whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype remained uncertain. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by measuring monocyte-derived cytokine production from five volunteers undergoing Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Monocyte responses followed a biphasic pattern: during acute infection, monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly more IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes at both timepoints, with long-term changes of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of inflammatory genes that remain present for several weeks after parasite clearance. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity induced by human malaria in vivo.

Published
2020

13. BCG vaccination in humans inhibits systemic inflammation in a sex-dependent manner

Author

Koeken, V.A.C.M., Bree, L.C.J. de, Mourits, V.P., Moorlag, S.J.C.F.M., Walk, J., Cirovic, B., Arts, R.J.W., Jaeger, M., Dijkstra, H.I., Lemmers, H.L.M., Joosten, L.A.B., Benn, C.S., Crevel, R. van, Netea, M.G., Koeken, V.A.C.M., Bree, L.C.J. de, Mourits, V.P., Moorlag, S.J.C.F.M., Walk, J., Cirovic, B., Arts, R.J.W., Jaeger, M., Dijkstra, H.I., Lemmers, H.L.M., Joosten, L.A.B., Benn, C.S., Crevel, R. van, and Netea, M.G.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 225553.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUNDInduction of innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, by the antituberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) contributes to protection against heterologous infections. However, the overall impact of BCG vaccination on the inflammatory status of an individual is not known; while induction of trained immunity may suggest increased inflammation, BCG vaccination has been epidemiologically associated with a reduced incidence of inflammatory and allergic diseases.METHODSWe investigated the impact of BCG (BCG-Bulgaria, InterVax) vaccination on systemic inflammation in a cohort of 303 healthy volunteers, as well as the effect of the inflammatory status on the response to vaccination. A targeted proteome platform was used to measure circulating inflammatory proteins before and after BCG vaccination, while ex vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis- and Staphylococcus aureus-induced cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess trained immunity.RESULTSWhile BCG vaccination enhanced cytokine responses to restimulation, it reduced systemic inflammation. This effect was validated in 3 smaller cohorts, and was much stronger in men than in women. In addition, baseline circulating inflammatory markers were associated with ex vivo cytokine responses (trained immunity) after BCG vaccination.CONCLUSIONThe capacity of BCG to enhance microbial responsiveness while dampening systemic inflammation should be further explored for potential therapeutic applications.FUNDINGNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research, European Research Council, and the Danish National Research Foundation.

Published
2020

14. A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2a trial of the genetically attenuated malaria vaccine PfSPZ-GA1

Author

Roestenberg, Meta, Walk, J., Boor, Saskia C. van der, Langenberg, Marijke C.C., Hoogerwerf, Marie-Astrid, Janse, Jacqueline J., Teelen, K.A., Waardenburg, Y.M. van, Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Gemert, G.J. van, Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Mast, Q. de, Khan, Shahid M., Sauerwein, R.W., Roestenberg, Meta, Walk, J., Boor, Saskia C. van der, Langenberg, Marijke C.C., Hoogerwerf, Marie-Astrid, Janse, Jacqueline J., Teelen, K.A., Waardenburg, Y.M. van, Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Gemert, G.J. van, Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Mast, Q. de, Khan, Shahid M., and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2020

15. Correlation ECE diagnostic in Alcator C-Mod

Author

Sung C., White A. E., Howard N. T., Mikkelsen D., Irby J., Leccacorvi R., Vieira R., Oi C., Rice J., Reinke M., Gao C., Ennever P., Porkolab M., Churchill R., Theiler C., Walk J., Hughes J., Hubbard A., and Greenwald M.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Correlation ECE (CECE) is a diagnostic technique that allows measurement of small amplitude electron temperature, Te, fluctuations through standard cross-correlation analysis methods. In Alcator C-Mod, a new CECE diagnostic has been installed[Sung RSI 2012], and interesting phenomena have been observed in various plasma conditions. We find that local Te fluctuations near the edge (ρ ~ 0:8) decrease across the linearto- saturated ohmic confinement transition, with fluctuations decreasing with increasing plasma density[Sung NF 2013], which occurs simultaneously with rotation reversals[Rice NF 2011]. Te fluctuations are also reduced across core rotation reversals with an increase of plasma density in RF heated L-mode plasmas, which implies that the same physics related to the reduction of Te fluctuations may be applied to both ohmic and RF heated L-mode plasmas. In I-mode plasmas, we observe the reduction of core Te fluctuations, which indicates changes of turbulence occur not only in the pedestal region but also in the core across the L/I transition[White NF 2014]. The present CECE diagnostic system in C-Mod and these experimental results are described in this paper.

Published
2015
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18. Antibody responses to antigenic targets of recent exposure are associated with low-density parasitemia in controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infections

Author

van Den Hoogen, L, Walk, J, Oulton, T, Reuling, I, Reiling, L, Beeson, J, Coppel, R, Singh, S, Draper, S, Bousema, T, Drakeley, C, Sauerwein, R, and Tetteh, K

Subjects
exposure, controlled human malaria infection (CHMI), parasitic diseases, malaria, antibodies, sero-surveillance, seroepidemiology
Abstract

The majority of malaria infections in low transmission settings remain undetectable by conventional diagnostics. A powerful model to identify antibody responses that allow accurate detection of recent exposure to low-density infections is controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies in which healthy volunteers are infected with the Plasmodium parasite. We aimed to evaluate antibody responses in malaria-naïve volunteers exposed to a single CHMI using a custom-made protein microarray. All participants developed a blood-stage infection with peak parasite densities up to 100 parasites/μl in the majority of participants (50/54), while the remaining four participants had peak densities between 100 and 200 parasites/μl. There was a strong correlation between parasite density and antibody responses associated with the most reactive blood-stage targets 1 month after CHMI (Etramp 5, GLURP-R2, MSP4 and MSP1-19; Spearman’s ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001). Most volunteers developed antibodies against a potential marker of recent exposure: Etramp 5 (37/45, 82%). Our findings justify validation in endemic populations to define a minimum set of antigens needed to detect exposure to natural low-density infections.

Published
2019

19. Antibody Responses to Antigenic Targets of Recent Exposure Are Associated With Low-Density Parasitemia in Controlled Human Plasmodium falciparum Infections

Author

Hoogen, Lotus L. van den, Walk, J., Oulton, Tate, Reuling, I.J., Reiling, Linda, Beeson, James G., Singh, S., Bousema, T., Sauerwein, R.W., and Tetteh, Kevin K.A.

Subjects
All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 200896.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2019

21. Outcomes of controlled human malaria infection after BCG vaccination

Author

Walk, J., Bree, L.C.J. de, Graumans, W., Stoter, R., Gemert, G.J. van, Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Teelen, K.A., Arts, R.J.W., Behet, M.C., Moorlag, S.J.C.F.M., Crevel, R. van, Mast, Q. de, Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Netea, M.G., Sauerwein, R.W., Walk, J., Bree, L.C.J. de, Graumans, W., Stoter, R., Gemert, G.J. van, Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Teelen, K.A., Arts, R.J.W., Behet, M.C., Moorlag, S.J.C.F.M., Crevel, R. van, Mast, Q. de, Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Netea, M.G., and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 202100.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2019

22. Can Patrolling Liver-Resident T Cells Control Human Malaria Parasite Development?

Author

Walk, J., Stok, J.E., Sauerwein, R.W., Walk, J., Stok, J.E., and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 202883.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Recently, a population of non-recirculating, tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells has been identified; cells that seems to act as key sentinels for invading microorganisms with enhanced effector functions. In malaria, the liver represents the first site for parasite development before a definite infection is established in circulating red blood cells. Here, we discuss the evidence obtained from animal models on several diseases and hypothesize that liver-resident memory CD8(+) T cells (hepatic TRM) play a critical role in providing protective liver-stage immunity against Plasmodium malaria parasites. Although observations in human malaria trials are limited to peripheral blood, we propose recommendations for the translation of some of these findings to human malaria research.

Published
2019

23. Liver Injury in Uncomplicated Malaria is an Overlooked Phenomenon: An Observational Study

Author

Reuling, I.J., Jong, Gerdie M. de, Yap, X.Z., Asghar, Muhammad, Walk, J., Schans, L.A. van de, Mast, Q. de, Ven, A.J. van der, Bousema, T., Genderen, Perry J.J. van, Sauerwein, R.W., Reuling, I.J., Jong, Gerdie M. de, Yap, X.Z., Asghar, Muhammad, Walk, J., Schans, L.A. van de, Mast, Q. de, Ven, A.J. van der, Bousema, T., Genderen, Perry J.J. van, and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 197177.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2018

24. Mosquito Infectivity and Parasitemia after Controlled Human Malaria Infection

Author

Walk, J., Gemert, G.J. van, Graumans, W., Sauerwein, R.W., Bijker, E.M., Walk, J., Gemert, G.J. van, Graumans, W., Sauerwein, R.W., and Bijker, E.M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 193244.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI) has become an increasingly important tool for the evaluation of drugs and vaccines. Controlled Human Malaria Infection has been demonstrated to be a reproducible model; however, there is some variability in time to onset of parasitemia between volunteers and studies. At our center, mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum by membrane feeding have variable and high salivary gland sporozoite load (mean 78,415; range 26,500-160,500). To determine whether this load influences parasitemia after CHMI, we analyzed data from 13 studies. We found no correlation between the sporozoite load of a mosquito batch and time to parasitemia or parasite density of first-wave parasitemia. These findings support the use of infected mosquito bite as a reproducible means of inducing P. falciparum infection and suggest that within this range, salivary gland sporozoite load does not influence the stringency of a CHMI.

Published
2018

25. Liver Injury in Uncomplicated Malaria is an Overlooked Phenomenon: An Observational Study

Author

Reuling, IJ, de Jong, Gerdie, Yap, XZ, Asghar, M, Walk, J, van der Schans, LA, Koelewijn, Rob, Farnert, A, de Mast, Q, van der Ven, AJ, Bousema, T, van Hellemond, Jaap, van Genderen, Perry, Sauerwein, RW, Reuling, IJ, de Jong, Gerdie, Yap, XZ, Asghar, M, Walk, J, van der Schans, LA, Koelewijn, Rob, Farnert, A, de Mast, Q, van der Ven, AJ, Bousema, T, van Hellemond, Jaap, van Genderen, Perry, and Sauerwein, RW

Published
2018

26. Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites determines emerging parasitemia in infected volunteers

Author

McCall, M.B.B., Wammes, L.J., Langenberg, M.C., Gemert, G.J.A. van, Walk, J., Hermsen, C.C., Graumans, W., Koelewijn, R., Franetich, J.F., Chishimba, S., Gerdsen, M., Lorthiois, A., Vegte, M. van de, Mazier, D., Bijker, E.M., Hellemond, J.J. van, Genderen, P.J. van, Sauerwein, R.W., McCall, M.B.B., Wammes, L.J., Langenberg, M.C., Gemert, G.J.A. van, Walk, J., Hermsen, C.C., Graumans, W., Koelewijn, R., Franetich, J.F., Chishimba, S., Gerdsen, M., Lorthiois, A., Vegte, M. van de, Mazier, D., Bijker, E.M., Hellemond, J.J. van, Genderen, P.J. van, and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 177607.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Malaria sporozoites must first undergo intrahepatic development before a pathogenic blood-stage infection is established. The success of infection depends on host and parasite factors. In healthy human volunteers undergoing controlled human malaria infection (CHMI), we directly compared three clinical Plasmodium falciparum isolates for their ability to infect primary human hepatocytes in vitro and to drive the production of blood-stage parasites in vivo. Our data show a correlation between the efficiency of strain-specific sporozoite invasion of human hepatocytes and the dynamics of patent parasitemia in study subjects, highlighting intrinsic differences in infectivity among P. falciparum isolates from distinct geographical locales. The observed heterogeneity in infectivity among strains underscores the value of assessing the protective efficacy of candidate malaria vaccines against heterologous strains in the CHMI model.

Published
2017

27. Modest heterologous protection after Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite immunization: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Author

Walk, J., Reuling, I.J., Behet, M.C., Meerstein-Kessel, L., Graumans, W., Gemert, G.J.A. van, Siebelink-Stoter, T.R., Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Janssen, T., Teelen, K.A., Wilt, J.H.W. de, Mast, Q. de, Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Benavente, E.D., Campino, S., Clark, T.G., Huynen, M.A., Hermsen, C.C., Bijker, E.M., Scholzen, A., Sauerwein, R.W., Walk, J., Reuling, I.J., Behet, M.C., Meerstein-Kessel, L., Graumans, W., Gemert, G.J.A. van, Siebelink-Stoter, T.R., Vegte-Bolmer, M.G. van de, Janssen, T., Teelen, K.A., Wilt, J.H.W. de, Mast, Q. de, Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Benavente, E.D., Campino, S., Clark, T.G., Huynen, M.A., Hermsen, C.C., Bijker, E.M., Scholzen, A., and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 177825.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: A highly efficacious vaccine is needed for malaria control and eradication. Immunization with Plasmodium falciparum NF54 parasites under chemoprophylaxis (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoite (CPS)-immunization) induces the most efficient long-lasting protection against a homologous parasite. However, parasite genetic diversity is a major hurdle for protection against heterologous strains. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in 39 healthy participants of NF54-CPS immunization by bites of 45 NF54-infected (n = 24 volunteers) or uninfected mosquitoes (placebo; n = 15 volunteers) against a controlled human malaria infection with the homologous NF54 or the genetically distinct NF135.C10 and NF166.C8 clones. Cellular and humoral immune assays were performed as well as genetic characterization of the parasite clones. RESULTS: NF54-CPS immunization induced complete protection in 5/5 volunteers against NF54 challenge infection at 14 weeks post-immunization, but sterilely protected only 2/10 and 1/9 volunteers against NF135.C10 and NF166.C8 challenge infection, respectively. Post-immunization plasma showed a significantly lower capacity to block heterologous parasite development in primary human hepatocytes compared to NF54. Whole genome sequencing showed that NF135.C10 and NF166.C8 have amino acid changes in multiple antigens targeted by CPS-induced antibodies. Volunteers protected against heterologous challenge were among the stronger immune responders to in vitro parasite stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Although highly protective against homologous parasites, NF54-CPS-induced immunity is less effective against heterologous parasite clones both in vivo and in vitro. Our data indicate that whole sporozoite-based vaccine approaches require more potent immune responses for heterologous protection. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered in clinicaltrials.gov, under identifier NCT02098590 .

Published
2017

28. Humoral protection against mosquito bite-transmitted Plasmodium falciparum infection in humanized mice

Author

Sack, Brandon K., Mikolajczak, Sebastian A., Fishbaugher, M., Vaughan, A.M., Flannery, E.L., Nguyen, T., Behet, M.C., Reuling, I.J., Walk, J., Scholzen, A., Sauerwein, R.W., Seder, R.A., Kappe, S.H., Sack, Brandon K., Mikolajczak, Sebastian A., Fishbaugher, M., Vaughan, A.M., Flannery, E.L., Nguyen, T., Behet, M.C., Reuling, I.J., Walk, J., Scholzen, A., Sauerwein, R.W., Seder, R.A., and Kappe, S.H.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 189906.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2017

29. Multi-device studies of pedestal physics and confinement in the I-mode regime

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Whyte, Dennis, Hubbard, Amanda E, Hughes Jr, Jerry, Marinoni, Alessandro, Marmar, Earl S, Rice, John E, Walk Jr, John R, Whyte, Dennis G, Wolfe, Stephen M, Osborne, T., Ryter, F., Austin, M., Barrera Orte, L., Churchill, R. M., Cziegler, I., Fenstermacher, M., Fischer, R., Gerhardt, S., Groebner, R., Gohil, P., Happel, T., Loarte, A., Maingi, R., Manz, P., McDermott, R. M., McKee, G., Rhodes, T. L., Schmitz, L., Theiler, C., Viezzer, E., Walk, J. R., Wolfrum, E., Yan, Z., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Whyte, Dennis, Hubbard, Amanda E, Hughes Jr, Jerry, Marinoni, Alessandro, Marmar, Earl S, Rice, John E, Walk Jr, John R, Whyte, Dennis G, Wolfe, Stephen M, Osborne, T., Ryter, F., Austin, M., Barrera Orte, L., Churchill, R. M., Cziegler, I., Fenstermacher, M., Fischer, R., Gerhardt, S., Groebner, R., Gohil, P., Happel, T., Loarte, A., Maingi, R., Manz, P., McDermott, R. M., McKee, G., Rhodes, T. L., Schmitz, L., Theiler, C., Viezzer, E., Walk, J. R., Wolfrum, E., and Yan, Z.

Abstract

This paper describes joint ITPA studies of the I-mode regime, which features an edge thermal barrier together with L-mode-like particle and impurity transport and no edge localized modes (ELMs). The regime has been demonstrated on the Alcator C-Mod, ASDEX Upgrade and DIII-D tokamaks, over a wide range of device parameters and pedestal conditions. Dimensionless parameters at the pedestal show overlap across devices and extend to low collisionality. When they are matched, pedestal temperature profiles are also similar. Pedestals are stable to peeling–ballooning modes, consistent with lack of ELMs. Access to I-mode is independent of heating method (neutral beam injection, ion cyclotron and/or electron cyclotron resonance heating). Normalized energy confinement H 98,y2 ≥ 1 has been achieved for a range of 3 ≤ q 95 ≤ 4.9 and scales favourably with power. Changes in turbulence in the pedestal region accompany the transition from L-mode to I-mode. The L–I threshold increases with plasma density and current, and with device size, but has a weak dependence on toroidal magnetic field B T. The upper limit of power for I-modes, which is set by I–H transitions, increases with B T and the power range is largest on Alcator C-Mod at B > 5 T. Issues for extrapolation to ITER and other future fusion devices are discussed., United States. Department of Energy (DE-FC02-99ER54512-CMOD), United States. Department of Energy (DE-SC0012469), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FC02-04ER54698), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER54235), United States. Department of Energy (DE-AC52-07NA27344), United States. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-09CH11466), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-89ER53296), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER54999), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER54984)

Published
2017

30. Efficient generation of energetic ions in multi-ion plasmas by radio-frequency heating

Author

Kazakov, Ye O., Kiptily, V. G., Lin, Y., Nocente, M., Baranov, Y., Bilato, R., Faustin, J. M., Felton, R., Jacquet, Ph, Van Schoor, M., Marmar, E. S., Baek, S. G., Barnard, H., Bonoli, P., Brunner, D., Dekow, G., Ennever, P., Faust, I., Fiore, C., Gao, Chi, Golfinopoulos, T., Greenwald, M., Hartwig, Z. S., Hubbard, A. E., Hughes, J. W., Hutchinson, I. H., Irby, J., LaBombard, B., Lin, Yijun, Mumgaard, R., Parker, R. R., Porkolab, M., Rice, J. E., Shiraiwa, S., Sorbom, B., Terry, D., Terry, J. L., Vieira, R., Walk, J. R., Wallace, G. M., White, A., Whyte, D., Wolfe, S. M., Wright, G. M., Wukitch, S. J., Xu, P., Candy, J., Snyder, P., Canik, J., Churchill, R. M., Delgado-Aparicio, L., Diallo, A., Edlund, E., Scott, S. D., Cziegler, I., Holland, C., Lipschultz, B., Reinke, M. L., Loarte, A., Theiler, C., Asunta, O., Groth, M., Jarvinen, A., Karhunen, J., Koskela, T., Kurki-Suonio, T., Lomanowski, B., Lonnroth, J., Makkonen, T., Miettunen, J., Moulton, D., Santala, M. I. K., Sipila, S. K., Uljanovs, J., Varje, J., Galassi, D., Gardarein, J. -L., Camenen, Y., Koubiti, M., Manas, P., Marandet, Y., Luna, C., Futatani, S., Afzal, M., Aldred, V., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Ash, A., Austin, Y., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Wiechec, A. Baron, Bastow, R., Baughan, R., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, B., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Bellinger, M., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Berry, M., Besliu, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blatchford, P., Boboc, A., Booth, J., Boulting, P., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Byrne, J., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Carman, P., Carr, M., Casson, F. J., Cave-Ayland, K., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chapman, I. T., Ciric, D., Clark, Ezra Lee, Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Collins, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corrigan, G., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Croft, D., Crowe, R., Cullen, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Davies, O., Day, I. E., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dendy, R. O., Dorling, S. E., Doswon, S., Doyle, P. T., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Fawlk, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fessey, J. A., Field, A., Finburg, P., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Forsythe, L., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franklin, T., Fyvie, J., Gallagher, J., Garzotti, L., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Gerasimov, S., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gibson, C. S., Gilligan, S., Giroud, C., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Griph, F. S., Grist, D., Grundy, C. N., Guard, D., Gurl, C., Hackett, L. J., Hagar, A., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hill, M., Hillesheim, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horton, A. R., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hunter, C. L., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Jacquet, P., Jenkins, I., Johnson, R., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, Glenn, Jones, T. T. C., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaveney, G., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koppen, M., Kos, B., Koslowski, H. R., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Lobel, R. C., Lomas, P. J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Mailloux, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, Michele, Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, S., McKean, R., McKehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M.F.F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S. -P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, Alexandre De Lemos, Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, von Thun, C. Perez, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., dos Reis, A. Pires, Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M. H., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Putterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Cortes, S. D. A. Reyes, Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schwoerer, D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, Wei, Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, Daniel, Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, Alexander Simon, Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., de Sa, W. W. Pires, Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. 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Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beckers, M., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Bertalot, L., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blanchard, P., Bobkov, V., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowman, C., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Breton, S., Brezinsek, S., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Bykov, I., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cardinali, A., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. 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J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, Sarah, Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Auriemma, F., Avotina, L., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balden, M., Barnsley, R., Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beckers, M., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Bertalot, L., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blanchard, P., Bobkov, V., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowman, C., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Breton, S., Brezinsek, S., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Bykov, I., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Cannas, B., Cardinali, A., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Crombe, K., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davis, W., Day, C., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D'Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dormido-Canto, S., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, Isa Ilkan, Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Eich, Th, Ekedah, A., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, Fredrik, Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, José Soeiro, Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Flammini, D., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Franke, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Gal, K., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, Jeronimo, Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gervasini, G., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giegerich, T., Gil, Carla, Gil, L., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Gohil, P., Goloborod'ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Grisolia, C., Grove, R.L., Grzonka, J., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Utoh, H. H., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hillairet, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Huber, V., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A.S., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jeong, C. H., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, T., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kappatou, A., Kaufman, M., Kazakov, Y., and Kazantzidis, V.

Abstract

We describe a new technique for the efficient generation of high-energy ions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in multi-ion plasmas. The discussed three-ion scenarios are especially suited for strong wave absorption by a very low number of resonant ions. To observe this effect, the plasma composition has to be properly adjusted, as prescribed by theory. We demonstrate the potential of the method on the world-largest plasma magnetic confinement device, JET (Joint European Torus, Culham, UK), and the high-magnetic-field tokamak Alcator C-Mod (Cambridge, USA). The obtained results demonstrate efficient acceleration of 3He ions to high energies in dedicated hydrogendeuterium mixtures. Simultaneously, effective plasma heating is observed, as a result of the slowing-down of the fast He-3 ions. The developed technique is not only limited to laboratory plasmas, but can also be applied to explain observations of energetic ions in space-plasma environments, in particular, 3He-rich solar flares.

Published
2017

32. Canopy-atmosphere interactions under foggy condition—Size-resolved fog droplet fluxes and their implications

Author

El-Madany, T., Walk, J., Deventer, M., Degefie, D., Chang, S., Juang, J., Griessbaum, F., and Klemm, O.

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

Microphysical processes of fog and their spatial and temporal pattern are a challenge to study under natural conditions. This work focuses on the development of bi-directional fluxes of fog droplets above a forest canopy in north-eastern Taiwan. Bi-directional fluxes occurred regularly, start from the smallest droplet class (< 2.66 μm diameter), and subsequently extend to larger droplets up to 7.41 μm diameter. The development of the bi-directional fluxes with positive (upward) fluxes of smaller droplets and downward fluxes of larger fluxes is associated with a temperature gradient and with the activation of fog droplets according to the Köhler-Theory. Small fog droplets develop close to the canopy as result of evapotranspiration and subsequent condensation. The rapid growth of small fog droplets and the accelerated growth of activated droplets, a process which is more likely to occur at higher levels of the fog layer, lead to a sink of small droplets and a source of larger droplets within the fog. This is in accordance with the observation that positive droplet number fluxes of small fog droplets outnumber the negative fluxes from the larger fog droplets. For liquid water, the net flux is negative.

Published
2016

33. High-field side scrape-off layer investigation: Plasma profiles and impurity screening behavior in near-double-null configurations

Author

LaBombard, B., primary, Kuang, A.Q., additional, Brunner, D., additional, Faust, I., additional, Mumgaard, R., additional, Reinke, M.L., additional, Terry, J.L., additional, Hughes, J.W., additional, Walk, J., additional, Chilenski, M., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Marmar, E., additional, Wallace, G., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, and Wukitch, S., additional

Published
2017
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35. Diagnosis and treatment based on quantitative PCR after controlled human malaria infection

Author

Walk, J., Schats, R., Langenberg, M.C., Reuling, I.J., Teelen, K., Roestenberg, M., Hermsen, C.C., Visser, L.G., Sauerwein, R.W., Walk, J., Schats, R., Langenberg, M.C., Reuling, I.J., Teelen, K., Roestenberg, M., Hermsen, C.C., Visser, L.G., and Sauerwein, R.W.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 172307.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) has become well-established in the evaluation of drugs and vaccines. Anti-malarial treatment is usually initiated when thick blood smears are positive by microscopy. This study explores the effects of using the more sensitive qPCR as the primary diagnostic test. METHODS: 1691 diagnostic blood samples were analysed by microscopy and qPCR from 115 volunteers (55 malaria naive and 60 having received chemoprophylaxis and sporozoite immunization) who were challenged by five mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites of the NF54 strain. RESULTS: Retrospective analysis of different qPCR criteria for diagnosis and treatment, showed that once daily qPCR (threshold 100 parasites/ml) had 99 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity, and shortened the median prepatent period from 10.5 to 7.0 days after CHMI when compared to twice daily measurement of thick blood smears (threshold 4000 parasites/ml). This is expected to result in a 78 % decrease of adverse events before initiation of treatment in future studies. Trial outcome related to infection and protective efficacy remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: The use of qPCR as the primary diagnostic test in CHMI decreases symptoms as well as parasitaemia while obviating the need for twice daily follow-up. The implementation improves safety while reducing the clinical burden and costs without compromising the evaluation of protective efficacy.

Published
2016

36. Lower hybrid wave edge power loss quantification on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Author

Faust, I. C., primary, Brunner, D., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Parker, R. R., additional, Terry, J. L., additional, Whyte, D. G., additional, Baek, S. G., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Hubbard, A. E., additional, Hughes, J. W., additional, Kuang, A. Q., additional, Reinke, M. L., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Wallace, G. M., additional, and Walk, J. R., additional

Published
2016
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38. 20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Author

Greenwald, M., Bader, A., Baek, S., Bakhtiari, M., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bergerson, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Bonoli, P., Brower, D., Brunner, D., Burke, W., Candy, J., Churchill, M., Cziegler, I., Diallo, A., Dominguez, A., Duval, B., Edlund, E., Ennever, P., Ernst, D., Faust, I., Fiore, C., Fredian, T., Garcia, O., Gao, C., Goetz, J., Golfinopoulos, T., Granetz, R., Grulke, O., Hartwig, Z., Horne, S., Howard, N., Hubbard, A., Hughes, J., Hutchinson, I., Irby, J., Izzo, V., Kessel, C., Labombard, B., Lau, C., Li, C., Lin, Y., Lipschultz, B., Loarte, A., Marmar, E., Mazurenko, A., Mccracken, G., Mcdermott, R., Meneghini, O., Mikkelsen, D., Mossessian, D., Mumgaard, R., Myra, J., Nelson-Melby, E., Ochoukov, R., Olynyk, G., Parker, R., Pitcher, S., Podpaly, Y., Porkolab, M., Reinke, M., Rice, J., Rowan, W., Schmidt, A., Scott, S., Shiraiwa, S., Sierchio, J., Smick, N., Snipes, J. A., Snyder, P., Sorbom, B., Stillerman, J., Sung, C., Takase, Y., Tang, V., Terry, J., Terry, D., Theiler, C., Tronchin-James, A., Tsujii, N., Vieira, R., Walk, J., Wallace, G., White, A., Whyte, D., Wilson, J., Wolfe, S., Wright, G., Wright, J., Wukitch, S., Zweben, S., Greenwald, M., Bader, A., Baek, S., Bakhtiari, M., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bergerson, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Bonoli, P., Brower, D., Brunner, D., Burke, W., Candy, J., Churchill, M., Cziegler, I., Diallo, A., Dominguez, A., Duval, B., Edlund, E., Ennever, P., Ernst, D., Faust, I., Fiore, C., Fredian, T., Garcia, O., Gao, C., Goetz, J., Golfinopoulos, T., Granetz, R., Grulke, O., Hartwig, Z., Horne, S., Howard, N., Hubbard, A., Hughes, J., Hutchinson, I., Irby, J., Izzo, V., Kessel, C., Labombard, B., Lau, C., Li, C., Lin, Y., Lipschultz, B., Loarte, A., Marmar, E., Mazurenko, A., Mccracken, G., Mcdermott, R., Meneghini, O., Mikkelsen, D., Mossessian, D., Mumgaard, R., Myra, J., Nelson-Melby, E., Ochoukov, R., Olynyk, G., Parker, R., Pitcher, S., Podpaly, Y., Porkolab, M., Reinke, M., Rice, J., Rowan, W., Schmidt, A., Scott, S., Shiraiwa, S., Sierchio, J., Smick, N., Snipes, J. A., Snyder, P., Sorbom, B., Stillerman, J., Sung, C., Takase, Y., Tang, V., Terry, J., Terry, D., Theiler, C., Tronchin-James, A., Tsujii, N., Vieira, R., Walk, J., Wallace, G., White, A., Whyte, D., Wilson, J., Wolfe, S., Wright, G., Wright, J., Wukitch, S., and Zweben, S.

Abstract

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components-approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced D alpha H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental obs

Published
2015
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39. Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) negatively regulates the oxidative burst in human phagocytes

Author

Steevels, T, van Avondt, K, Westerlaken, G, Stalpers, F, Walk, J, Bont, L, Coffer, P, and Meyaard, L

Abstract

ROS production is an important effector mechanism mediating intracellular killing of microbes by phagocytes. Inappropriate or untimely ROS production can lead to tissue damage, thus tight regulation is essential. We recently characterized signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) as an inhibitory receptor expressed by human phagocytes. Here, we demonstrate that ligation of SIRL-1 dampens Fc receptor-induced ROS production in primary human phagocytes. In accordance, SIRL-1 engagement on these cells impairs the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, without affecting phagocytosis. The inhibition of ROS production may result from reduced ERK activation, since co-ligation of Fc receptors and SIRL-1 on phagocytes inhibited phosphorylation of ERK. Importantly, we demonstrate that microbial and inflammatory stimuli cause rapid downregulation of SIRL-1 expression on the surface of primary neutrophils and monocytes. In accordance, SIRL-1 expression levels on neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation are greatly reduced. We propose that SIRL-1 on phagocytes sets an activation threshold to prevent inappropriate production of oxygen radicals. Upon infection, SIRL-1 expression is downregulated, allowing microbial killing and clearance of the pathogen.

Published
2013

40. Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of the I-mode high confinement regime and comparisons with experimenta)

Author

White, A. E., primary, Howard, N. T., additional, Creely, A. J., additional, Chilenski, M. A., additional, Greenwald, M., additional, Hubbard, A. E., additional, Hughes, J. W., additional, Marmar, E., additional, Rice, J. E., additional, Sierchio, J. M., additional, Sung, C., additional, Walk, J. R., additional, Whyte, D. G., additional, Mikkelsen, D. R., additional, Edlund, E. M., additional, Kung, C., additional, Holland, C., additional, Candy, J., additional, Petty, C. C., additional, Reinke, M. L., additional, and Theiler, C., additional

Published
2015
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41. ADX: a high field, high power density, advanced divertor and RF tokamak

Author

LaBombard, B., primary, Marmar, E., additional, Irby, J., additional, Terry, J.L., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Wallace, G., additional, Whyte, D.G., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, Baek, S., additional, Beck, W., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Brunner, D., additional, Doody, J., additional, Ellis, R., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Freidberg, J.P., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Greenwald, M., additional, Hartwig, Z.S., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Hughes, J.W., additional, Hutchinson, I.H., additional, Kessel, C., additional, Kotschenreuther, M., additional, Leccacorvi, R., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Mahajan, S., additional, Minervini, J., additional, Mumgaard, R., additional, Nygren, R., additional, Parker, R., additional, Poli, F., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Reinke, M.L., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rognlien, T., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Terry, D., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Titus, P., additional, Umansky, M., additional, Valanju, P., additional, Walk, J., additional, White, A., additional, Wilson, J.R., additional, Wright, G., additional, and Zweben, S.J., additional

Published
2015
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42. Measurement of LHCD edge power deposition through modulation techniques on Alcator C-Mod

Author

Faust, I. C., primary, Brunner, D., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Parker, R. R., additional, Baek, S. G., additional, Chilenksi, M. A., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Hughes, J. W., additional, Terry, J. L., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Walk, J. R., additional, Wallace, G. M., additional, and Whyte, D. G., additional

Published
2015
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43. Observation of Edge Instability Limiting the Pedestal Growth in Tokamak Plasmas

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Greenwald, Martin J., Labombard, Brian, Davis, E., Baek, Seung Gyou, Hughes, Jerry W., Jr., Theiler, C., Walk, J., Golfinopoulos, Theodore, Terry, James L., Churchill, M., Hubbard, Amanda E., Porkolab, Miklos, Reinke, Matthew Logan, White, A., Diallo, A., Snyder, P., Canik, J., Delgado-Aparicio, Luis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Greenwald, Martin J., Labombard, Brian, Davis, E., Baek, Seung Gyou, Hughes, Jerry W., Jr., Theiler, C., Walk, J., Golfinopoulos, Theodore, Terry, James L., Churchill, M., Hubbard, Amanda E., Porkolab, Miklos, Reinke, Matthew Logan, White, A., Diallo, A., Snyder, P., Canik, J., and Delgado-Aparicio, Luis

Abstract

With fusion device performance hinging on the edge pedestal pressure, it is imperative to experimentally understand the physical mechanism dictating the pedestal characteristics and to validate and improve pedestal predictive models. This Letter reports direct evidence of density and magnetic fluctuations showing the stiff onset of an edge instability leading to the saturation of the pedestal on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Edge stability analyses indicate that the pedestal is unstable to both ballooning mode and kinetic ballooning mode in agreement with observations., United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-FC02-99ER54512), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Postdoctoral Research Program)

Published
2014

44. Information and Monitoring Services within a Grid Environment

Author

Fisher, S, Cooke, A, Djaoui, A, Hicks, S, Middleton, R, Walk, J, Wilson, A, Podhorszki, N, Coghlan, B, Kenny, S, Lyttleton, O, O'Callaghan, D, Gray, A, Leake, J, Nutt, W, Magowan, J, Taylor, P, Cordenonsi, R, Byrom, R, Cornwall, L, and Craig, M

Subjects
Computing and Computers
Published
2005

45. Non-invasive ventilation with bubble CPAP is feasible and improves respiratory physiology in hospitalised Malawian children with acute respiratory failure

Author

Walk, J., primary, Dinga, P., additional, Banda, C., additional, Msiska, T., additional, Chitsamba, E., additional, Chiwayula, N., additional, Lufesi, N., additional, Mlotha-Mitole, R., additional, Costello, A., additional, Phiri, A., additional, Colbourn, T., additional, McCollum, E. D., additional, and Lang, H. J., additional

Published
2014
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46. 20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Author

Greenwald, M., primary, Bader, A., additional, Baek, S., additional, Bakhtiari, M., additional, Barnard, H., additional, Beck, W., additional, Bergerson, W., additional, Bespamyatnov, I., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Brower, D., additional, Brunner, D., additional, Burke, W., additional, Candy, J., additional, Churchill, M., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Dominguez, A., additional, Duval, B., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Ennever, P., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Faust, I., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Fredian, T., additional, Garcia, O., additional, Gao, C., additional, Goetz, J., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Hartwig, Z., additional, Horne, S., additional, Howard, N., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Hughes, J., additional, Hutchinson, I., additional, Irby, J., additional, Izzo, V., additional, Kessel, C., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Lau, C., additional, Li, C., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Loarte, A., additional, Marmar, E., additional, Mazurenko, A., additional, McCracken, G., additional, McDermott, R., additional, Meneghini, O., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Mossessian, D., additional, Mumgaard, R., additional, Myra, J., additional, Nelson-Melby, E., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Olynyk, G., additional, Parker, R., additional, Pitcher, S., additional, Podpaly, Y., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Scott, S., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Sierchio, J., additional, Smick, N., additional, Snipes, J. A., additional, Snyder, P., additional, Sorbom, B., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Sung, C., additional, Takase, Y., additional, Tang, V., additional, Terry, J., additional, Terry, D., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Tronchin-James, A., additional, Tsujii, N., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Walk, J., additional, Wallace, G., additional, White, A., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wilson, J., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Wright, G., additional, Wright, J., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, and Zweben, S., additional

Published
2014
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47. Reduction of core turbulence in I-mode plasmas in Alcator C-Mod

Author

White, A.E., primary, Barnes, M., additional, Dominguez, A., additional, Greenwald, M., additional, Howard, N.T., additional, Hubbard, A.E., additional, Hughes, J.W., additional, Mikkelsen, D.R., additional, Parra, F.I., additional, Reinke, M.L., additional, Sung, C., additional, Walk, J., additional, and Whyte, D.G., additional

Published
2014
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49. Overview of experimental results and code validation activities at Alcator C-Mod

Author

Greenwald, M., primary, Bader, A., additional, Baek, S., additional, Barnard, H., additional, Beck, W., additional, Bergerson, W., additional, Bespamyatnov, I., additional, Bitter, M., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Brookman, M., additional, Brower, D., additional, Brunner, D., additional, Burke, W., additional, Candy, J., additional, Chilenski, M., additional, Chung, M., additional, Churchill, M., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, Davis, E., additional, Dekow, G., additional, Delgado-Aparicio, L., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Ding, W., additional, Dominguez, A., additional, Ellis, R., additional, Ennever, P., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Faust, I., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Fitzgerald, E., additional, Fredian, T., additional, Garcia, O.E., additional, Gao, C., additional, Garrett, M., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Groebner, R., additional, Harrison, S., additional, Harvey, R., additional, Hartwig, Z., additional, Hill, K., additional, Hillairet, J., additional, Howard, N., additional, Hubbard, A.E., additional, Hughes, J.W., additional, Hutchinson, I., additional, Irby, J., additional, James, A.N., additional, Kanojia, A., additional, Kasten, C., additional, Kesner, J., additional, Kessel, C., additional, Kube, R., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Lau, C., additional, Lee, J., additional, Liao, K., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Marmar, E., additional, McGibbon, P., additional, Meneghini, O., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Miller, D., additional, Mumgaard, R., additional, Murray, R., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Olynyk, G., additional, Pace, D., additional, Park, S., additional, Parker, R., additional, Podpaly, Y., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Preynas, M., additional, Pusztai, I., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Scott, S., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Sierchio, J., additional, Snyder, P., additional, Sorbom, B., additional, Soukhanovskii, V., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Sugiyama, L., additional, Sung, C., additional, Terry, D., additional, Terry, J., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Tsujii, N., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Walk, J., additional, Wallace, G., additional, White, A., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wilson, J., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Woller, K., additional, Wright, G., additional, Wright, J., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Xu, P., additional, Yang, C., additional, and Zweben, S., additional

Published
2013
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