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Lectins are a diverse group of proteins of non-immune origin that interact specifically with glycans. Owing to their specificity, they can mediate various cellular and molecular recognition processes. To explore information on biological activities of lectins from Penicillium duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum, they were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Penicillium sp. lectins exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. P. duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum lectins inhibited DPPH with an IC50 value of 71.42, 75.04 and 82.11 μg/mL, respectively. P. duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum lectins inhibited the hydrogen peroxide radical with IC50 values of 198.57, 209.76 and 215.31 μg/mL, respectively. P. duclauxii and P. proteolyticum lectins exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. P. griseoroseum lectin inhibited only Gram-positive bacteria. Penicillium sp. lectins did not exhibit antifungal activity. The biological potential of Penicillium sp. lectins will help to understand their biomedical applications. This is the first report on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of purified lectins from Penicillium sp.

Penicillium griseoroseum lectin was 80‐fold purified by successive DEAE Sepharose anion exchange and Sephadex G‐100 gel permeation chromatography. P. griseoroseum lectin exhibited haemagglutination activity towards protease‐treated rabbit erythrocytes. It showed specificity towards various carbohydrates such as d‐mannose, N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine, mucins, and so forth. P. griseoroseum lectin was found as a glycoprotein with glycan content of 4.33%. Purified P. griseoroseum lectin is homodimeric having a molecular mass of 57 kDa with subunit molecular mass of 28.6 kDa. Haemagglutination activity of purified P. griseoroseum lectin was completely stable from 25°C to 35°C at a pH range of 6–7.5. Lectin activity was not influenced by divalent metal ions and denaturants. P. griseoroseum lectin manifested mitogenicity towards mice splenocytes and activity reached a peak at 75 μg/ml of lectin concentration. P. griseoroseum lectin in microgram concentrations stimulated proliferation of mice splenocytes. Thus, P. griseoroseum lectin exhibits potential mitogenicity, which can be exploited for further biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronal microleakage holds importance among various causes of failure after endodontic treatment leading to infection in the periradicular, periodontal ligament, or supporting osseous structures. Loss of coronal seal may occur due to leakage of temporary filling material or fracture of the permanent restoration. Therefore, the use of an intraorifice barrier material would be advantageous in reducing leakage and increasing possibilities for success. Materials and Methods: Fifty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated, cleaned, shaped, and obturated. Gutta-percha was removed to the depth of 3 mm from the orifice. Ten specimens each were sealed with Cention N (Ivoclar Vivadent), Biodentine (Septodont), and glass-ionomer cement (GIC, GC9 high-strength posterior restoration) along with positive and negative control groups, respectively. The teeth were then submerged in dye. Specimens were longitudinally sectioned, and leakage was measured using ×10 stereomicroscope and graded for the depth of microleakage. Results: The samples were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test and showed that mean microleakage values in all the groups were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001) with the lowest microleakage in Biodentine followed by GIC and Cention N and highest in positive control group. No microleakage was seen in negative control group. Conclusion: The present study concluded that intraorifice barrier placement provides better coronal seal, prevents microleakage, and enhances the longevity of postobturation restorations. Biodentine proved to be the best followed by GIC, Cention N, and control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile Cloud computing is promising technology showing consistent growth in the field of computing. Cloud computing frameworks like, Google App Engine, Windows Azure, Amazon Web Services and Rackspace have become increasingly popular among practitioners. The advent of Smartphone and the widespread use of other mobile devices such as tablets have introduced a new dimension to cloud computing, offering a higher degree of flexibility in data access, and with it has increased the need for security standards. Mobile cloud computing promotes use of cloud based applications and services in a mobile environment. It support virtualization, resource management and provide services to IaaS, PaaS, SaaS levels. While cloud computing provides many features but still it has some short comings like providing security in cloud environment. Mobile devices are unable to make effective use of resources and results in communication delay, and unexpected mobile attacks or vulnerabilities. These challenges have great effect in the improvement of service qualities of mobile cloud. This paper reviews the concept of mobile cloud computing as well as the security issues inherent within the context of mobile application and cloud computing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data mining is a process of mining information from huge data sets and making it into a logical form for supplementary purpose. Clustering is an important step in data mining applications and data analysis. Clustering is a method of arranging objects with similar properties into a single group. Data mining is done by passing through various phases. The process of mining can be done by using two learning sets, supervised and unsupervised learning. The clustering is an unsupervised learning. It has following categorized partition-based method, density-based method and grid-based method, hierarchical-based method. A good clustering method will produce high superiority clusters with high intra-class similarity and vice-versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major problem of many on-line web sites is the presentation of many choices to the various clients at a time. This usually results into time consumingtask in finding outthe right product or information on the site. The user's current interest depends upon the navigational behavior which helps the organizations to guide users in their browsing activities and obtain some relevant information in a short span of time. Since, the resulting patterns which are obtained through data mining techniques did not perform well in the prediction of future browsing patterns because of the low matching rate of resulting rules and of user's browsing behavior. This paper focuses on the study of the automatic web usage data mining and recommendation system which is based on current user behavior through his/her click stream data. The K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) classification method has been trained to be used in real-time and on-line to identify clients and visitors click stream data, matching it to a particular user group and recommends a tailored browsing option that meet the needs of the specific user at particular time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data flow in the millions of computers and millions of process every moment of every day so today is the era of Big Data where data interrelate to the 3Vs volumes, velocity, and varietiey of data interrelate. Huge volume, various varieties and high velocity creates challenges and issues regarding its management and processing. Big Dataenables any organization to the collected, manages, analyzes and making decision of the incredibly from large data sets. Big data growing at an exponential rate but security feature not growing at an same rate. Therefore it becomes very important to develop new technologies to deal with security. This paper introduces the big data of technology along with its importance in the modern world and existing projects like hadoop which are very effective and important in changes the concept of science into big science. Hadoop, Map Reduces and No SQL are the major big data of technology. This paper is also include some other challenges and issues. The various challenges in adapting and accepting Big data are concept that make robust hadoop ecosystem without any processing overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth regulator-assisted phytoremediation has been assessed as a novel strategy to improve phytoremediation potential of plants. In the present work, potential of castasterone, a plant growth regulator, combined with citric acid was explored for phytoremediation of cadmium in Brassica juncea seedlings. The seedlings were raised under controlled laboratory conditions for 7 days. Results revealed that 0.6 mM cadmium exposure induced toxicity in the seedlings, which was reflected through root growth inhibition, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, and loss of cell viability. Pre-sowing treatment of castasterone supplemented with citric acid enhanced cadmium accumulation in the roots (from 752 μg/g DW to 1192 μg/g DW) and shoots (from 88 μg/g DW to 311 μg/g DW) and also improved root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedlings by 81, 17, 39, and 35 %, respectively. The co-application reduced malondialdehyde accumulation by 39 % and reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, polyphenol oxidase), maximum enhancement (82 %) being in polyphenol oxidase. Similarly, the contents of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants were found to increase by 31 and 4 %, respectively. Confocal microscopy revealed enhanced content of NO. Results suggested that binary combination of castasterone and citric acid is helpful in improving cadmium accumulation and ameliorating metal toxicity in B. juncea seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The binding of mitogenic lectins to the glycoconjugates on cell surface receptor triggers multitude of reactions involving different signal transduction pathways which ultimately results in cell proliferation. Since 1960 after the chance discovery of mitogenic property of lectins by Nowell, it has attracted more attention. The property of stimulation of mature lymphocytes aided the immunological investigations to study and analyse the mechanism of cell stimulation and division. Plant lectins are extensively studied for mitogenic activity and their widespread applications are also reported. During the past two decades, the study of biological properties of microbial lectins has increased tremendously. Their biological activities including mitogenic potential are equally applicable as that of plant lectins. The review mainly focuses on mitogenic potential of microbial lectins. It will provide a comprehensive view regarding distribution of this remarkable property among microbes including algae, fungi and bacteria, mechanisms and models of mitogenic stimulation, and also assays being employed to detect the mitogenic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the antigenotoxic activity of Aegle marmelos fruit extracts employing short term assays i.e. the SOS chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 and the Comet assay in peripheral human blood lymphocytes. Methanol extract and Acetone extract were quite effective in decreasing the SOS response induced by hydrogen peroxide and aflatoxin B1 in the SOS chromotest. Methanol extract inhibited the genotoxicity of H2O2 by 70.48% and that of AFB1 by 84.65%. The extracts showed significant decrease in the tail moment induced by hydrogen peroxide (9μM) in the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. The antigenotoxic activity exhibited by the extracts may be attributed the various polyphenolic constituents present in these extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Chemosensor 1 (ɛ =13,300, Φ =0.27) [CH3OH–HEPES buffer(4:1), pH=7.0±0.1] can selectively estimate Cu2+ both as a chromogenic “ON–OFF–ON” and fluorogenic “ON–OFF” switch under aqueous conditions. The lowest detection limit for Cu2+ is 1μM. Other metal ions viz. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+ do not interfere in the estimation of Cu2+ even if present in 1mM concentration. Chemosensor 1 can also be used to estimate Cu2+ ions in living HeLa cells using confocal microscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]