Author: "Wald, R" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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631 results on '"Wald, R"'

1. Tests of General Relativity with GWTC-3

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., de Alarcón, P. F., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Apostolatos, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becher, B. R., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., BenYaala, M., Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boër, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bonavena, L. D., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Cameron, J., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canevarolo, S., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Champion, E., Chan, C. -H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, K., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, I. P., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chatziioannou, K., Chen, C., Chen, D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -B., Chen, Y. -R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C-Y., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chu, Y-K., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N. J., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Curyło, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., Dana, A., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Datta, Sayak, Datta, Sayantani, Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Michele, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Dupletsa, U., Durante, O., D'Urso, D., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Easter, P. J., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eguchi, S., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Engelby, E., Enomoto, Y., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Floden, E., Fong, H. K., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franke, A., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Freed, J. P., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fujii, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fujimoto, Y., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B. U., Gair, J. R., Gais, J., Galaudage, S., Gamba, R., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gao, D., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Ge, G. -G., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Gewecke, P., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacomazzo, B., Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gier, C., Giesler, M., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gohlke, N., Golomb, J., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granata, M., Granata, V., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimes, E., Grimm, S. J., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Guixé, G., Gulati, H. K., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H. -K., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, I. M., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gustafson, R., Guzman, F., Ha, S., Hadiputrawan, I. P. W., Haegel, L., Haino, S., Halim, O., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O., Hansen, H., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hartwig, D., Hasegawa, K., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Hattori, K., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heidt, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J., Hennig, M. H., Henshaw, C., Hernandez, A. G., Vivanco, F. Hernandez, Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, P., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, T-C., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Hohmann, J. N., Holcomb, D. G., Holland, N. A., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hong, Q., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hreibi, A., Hsieh, B-H., Hsieh, H-F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, Y., Huang, H-Y., Huang, P., Huang, Y-C., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Yiting, Huang, Yiwen, Hübner, M. T., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Ide, S., Idzkowski, B., Iess, A., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iosif, P., Isi, M., Isleif, K., Ito, K., Itoh, Y., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacqmin, T., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaranowski, P., Jariwala, D., Jaume, R., Jenkins, A. C., Jenner, K., Jeon, C., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johns, G. R., Johnson-McDaniel, N. K., Johnston, R., Jones, A. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, P., Jones, R., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jue, A., Jung, P., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kaihotsu, K., Kajita, T., Kakizaki, M., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kao, Y., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawaguchi, K., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, S., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khetan, N., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, A., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knowles, T. D., Knust, N., Knyazev, E., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, P., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kondrashov, V., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kozakai, C., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuei, F., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuromiya, Y., Kuroyanagi, S., Kwak, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lam, T. L., Lamberts, A., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., LeBohec, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, E., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Leonova, E., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levesque, C., Levin, Y., Leviton, J. N., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, B., Li, J., Li, K. L., Li, P., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, C-Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F-K., Lin, F-L., Lin, H. L., Lin, L. C. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Linley, J. N., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, G. C., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Llamas, F., Lo, R. K. L., Lo, T., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott, T. P., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lucaccioni, J. F., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, L. -W., Lynam, J. E., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Machtinger, J. B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, S., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Mark, Z., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, M., Martinez, V. A., Martinez, V., Martinovic, K., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matichard, F., Matiushechkina, M., Mavalvala, N., McCann, J. J., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McClincy, P. K., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGhee, G. I., McGuire, S. C., McIsaac, C., McIver, J., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Melchor, D. A., Mendell, G., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Mihaylov, D. P., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, A., Miller, B., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milotti, E., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Miravet-Tenés, M., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyo, K., Miyoki, S., Mo, Geoffrey, Modafferi, L. M., Moguel, E., Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina, I., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moragues, J., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., More, A., Moreno, C., Moreno, G., Mori, Y., Morisaki, S., Morisue, N., Moriwaki, Y., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muñiz, E. A., Murray, P. G., Musenich, R., Muusse, S., Nadji, S. L., Nagano, K., Nagar, A., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nakayama, Y., Napolano, V., Nardecchia, I., Narikawa, T., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, B., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neubauer, P., Neunzert, A., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S. W. S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Nguyen, T., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Ni, J., Ni, W. -T., Nichols, S. A., Nishimoto, T., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Nozaki, S., Nurbek, G., Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, Y., Oberling, J., O'Brien, B. D., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogaki, W., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., Oh, S. H., Ohashi, M., Ohashi, T., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Okutani, Y., Olivetto, C., Oohara, K., Oram, R., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ormsby, N. D., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, E., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Otabe, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pagliaroli, G., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Pal, S., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Pan, K. -C., Panda, P. K., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Paolone, A., Pappas, G., Parisi, A., Park, H., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patel, M., Pathak, M., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pegoraro, M., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penano, S., Penn, S., Perego, A., Pereira, A., Pereira, T., Perez, C. J., Périgois, C., Perkins, C. C., Perreca, A., Perriès, S., Pesios, D., Petermann, J., Petterson, D., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pineda-Bosque, C., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Piotrzkowski, K., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Pluchar, C., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pong, D. Y. T., Ponrathnam, S., Porter, E. K., Poulton, R., Poverman, A., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Pratten, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Prudenzi, L., Puecher, A., Punturo, M., Puosi, F., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quartey, N., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Quitzow-James, R., Qutob, N., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radkins, H., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Rail, S. X., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Ramirez, K. E., Ramirez, T. D., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, J., Rapagnani, P., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Raza, N., Razzano, M., Read, J., Rees, L. A., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reid, S. W., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reza, A., Rezac, M., Ricci, F., Richards, D., Richardson, J. W., Richardson, L., Riemenschneider, G., Riles, K., Rinaldi, S., Rink, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rodriguez, S., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romanelli, M., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Ronchini, S., Rosa, L., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rowlinson, S. 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Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: The ever-increasing number of detections of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binaries by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors allows us to perform ever-more sensitive tests of general relativity (GR) in the dynamical and strong-field regime of gravity. We perform a suite of tests of GR using the compact binary signals observed during the second half of the third observing run of those detectors. We restrict our analysis to the 15 confident signals that have false alarm rates $\leq 10^{-3}\, {\rm yr}^{-1}$. In addition to signals consistent with binary black hole (BH) mergers, the new events include GW200115_042309, a signal consistent with a neutron star--BH merger. We find the residual power, after subtracting the best fit waveform from the data for each event, to be consistent with the detector noise. Additionally, we find all the post-Newtonian deformation coefficients to be consistent with the predictions from GR, with an improvement by a factor of ~2 in the -1PN parameter. We also find that the spin-induced quadrupole moments of the binary BH constituents are consistent with those of Kerr BHs in GR. We find no evidence for dispersion of GWs, non-GR modes of polarization, or post-merger echoes in the events that were analyzed. We update the bound on the mass of the graviton, at 90% credibility, to $m_g \leq 1.27 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{eV}/c^2$. The final mass and final spin as inferred from the pre-merger and post-merger parts of the waveform are consistent with each other. The studies of the properties of the remnant BHs, including deviations of the quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, show consistency with the predictions of GR. In addition to considering signals individually, we also combine results from the catalog of GW signals to calculate more precise population constraints. We find no evidence in support of physics beyond GR.
Published: 2021

2. Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, A., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Arnaud, N., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asali, Y., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avendano, V., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Baird, J., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Bals, A., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Bankar, R. S., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becher, B. R., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Benkel, R., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bernuzzi, S., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhattacharjee, D., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Blanch, O., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boer, M., Boetzel, Y., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Borhanian, S., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brighenti, F., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakravarti, K., Chan, C. -L., Chan, C., Chandra, K., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. 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J., Yeeles, D. W., Yoon, A., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yuen, S. H. R., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhao, G., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Gravitational waves enable tests of general relativity in the highly dynamical and strong-field regime. Using events detected by LIGO-Virgo up to 1 October 2019, we evaluate the consistency of the data with predictions from the theory. We first establish that residuals from the best-fit waveform are consistent with detector noise, and that the low- and high-frequency parts of the signals are in agreement. We then consider parametrized modifications to the waveform by varying post-Newtonian and phenomenological coefficients, improving past constraints by factors of ${\sim}2$; we also find consistency with Kerr black holes when we specifically target signatures of the spin-induced quadrupole moment. Looking for gravitational-wave dispersion, we tighten constraints on Lorentz-violating coefficients by a factor of ${\sim}2.6$ and bound the mass of the graviton to $m_g \leq 1.76 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{eV}/c^2$ with 90% credibility. We also analyze the properties of the merger remnants by measuring ringdown frequencies and damping times, constraining fractional deviations away from the Kerr frequency to $\delta \hat{f}_{220} = 0.03^{+0.38}_{-0.35}$ for the fundamental quadrupolar mode, and $\delta \hat{f}_{221} = 0.04^{+0.27}_{-0.32}$ for the first overtone; additionally, we find no evidence for postmerger echoes. Finally, we determine that our data are consistent with tensorial polarizations through a template-independent method. When possible, we assess the validity of general relativity based on collections of events analyzed jointly. We find no evidence for new physics beyond general relativity, for black hole mimickers, or for any unaccounted systematics., Comment: 24 pages + appendices, 19 figures; journal version
Published: 2020
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3. Tests of General Relativity with the Binary Black Hole Signals from the LIGO-Virgo Catalog GWTC-1

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Aloy, M. A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avendano, V., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Beniwal, D., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bernuzzi, S., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Bilgili, S. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bode, N., Boer, M., Boetzel, Y., Bogaert, G., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Booth, C. D., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bossilkov, V., Bosveld, J., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. 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Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The detection of gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo provides an opportunity to test general relativity in a regime that is inaccessible to traditional astronomical observations and laboratory tests. We present four tests of the consistency of the data with binary black hole gravitational waveforms predicted by general relativity. One test subtracts the best-fit waveform from the data and checks the consistency of the residual with detector noise. The second test checks the consistency of the low- and high-frequency parts of the observed signals. The third test checks that phenomenological deviations introduced in the waveform model (including in the post-Newtonian coefficients) are consistent with zero. The fourth test constrains modifications to the propagation of gravitational waves due to a modified dispersion relation, including that from a massive graviton. We present results both for individual events and also results obtained by combining together particularly strong events from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, as collected in the catalog GWTC-1. We do not find any inconsistency of the data with the predictions of general relativity and improve our previously presented combined constraints by factors of 1.1 to 2.5. In particular, we bound the mass of the graviton to be $m_g \leq 4.7 \times 10^{-23} \text{eV}/c^2$ ($90\%$ credible level), an improvement of a factor of 1.6 over our previously presented results. Additionally, we check that the four gravitational-wave events published for the first time in GWTC-1 do not lead to stronger constraints on alternative polarizations than those published previously., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures; v3: small updates to some results
Published: 2019
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4. The furosemide stress test for prediction of worsening acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A multicenter, prospective, observational study

Author: Rewa, OG, Bagshaw, SM, Wang, X, Wald, R, Smith, O, Shapiro, J, McMahon, B, Liu, KD, Trevino, SA, Chawla, LS, and Koyner, JL
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Kidney Disease, Patient Safety, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Acute Kidney Injury, Aged, Area Under Curve, Critical Illness, Disease Progression, Female, Furosemide, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Urodynamics, Young Adult, Furosemide stress test, Acute kidney injury, Intensive care unit, Nursing, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences, Allied health and rehabilitation science
Abstract: PurposeTo validate the furosemide stress test (FST) for predicting the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI).Materials and methodsWe performed a multicenter, prospective, observational study in patients with stage I or II AKI. The FST (1 mg/kg for loop diuretic naïve patients and 1.5 mg/kg in patients previously exposed to loop diuretics) was administered. Subsequent urinary flow rate (UFR) recorded and predictive ability of urinary output was measured by the area under the curve receiver operatic characteristics (AuROC). Primary outcome was progression to Stage III AKI. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and adverse events.ResultsWe studied 92 critically ill patients. 23 patients progressed to stage III AKI and had significantly lower UFR (p
Published: 2019

5. GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., AultONeal, K., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bawaj, M., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canizares, P., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. Cerboni, Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chatziioannou, K., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Chmiel, T., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, A. J. K., Chua, S., Chung, A. K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciolfi, R., Cirelli, C. E., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Costa, C. F. Da Silva, Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., De, S., DeBra, D., Deelman, E., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R. T., DeSalvo, R., Devenson, J., Devine, R. C., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Doctor, Z., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Douglas, R., Álvarez, M. Dovale, Downes, T. 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Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We describe the observation of GW170104, a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of a pair of stellar-mass black holes. The signal was measured on January 4, 2017 at 10:11:58.6 UTC by the twin advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory during their second observing run, with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a false alarm rate less than 1 in 70,000 years. The inferred component black hole masses are $31.2^{+8.4}_{-6.0}\,M_\odot$ and $19.4^{+5.3}_{-5.9}\,M_\odot$ (at the 90% credible level). The black hole spins are best constrained through measurement of the effective inspiral spin parameter, a mass-weighted combination of the spin components perpendicular to the orbital plane, $\chi_\mathrm{eff} = -0.12^{+0.21}_{-0.30}.$ This result implies that spin configurations with both component spins positively aligned with the orbital angular momentum are disfavored. The source luminosity distance is $880^{+450}_{-390}~\mathrm{Mpc}$ corresponding to a redshift of $z = 0.18^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$. We constrain the magnitude of modifications to the gravitational-wave dispersion relation and perform null tests of general relativity. Assuming that gravitons are dispersed in vacuum like massive particles, we bound the graviton mass to $m_g \le 7.7 \times 10^{-23}~\mathrm{eV}/c^2$. In all cases, we find that GW170104 is consistent with general relativity., Comment: 28 pages including Supplemental Material, 15 Figures, 5 Tables. This version updates Fig. 14 (Fig. 9 in Supp. Mat.)
Published: 2017
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6. The furosemide stress test for prediction of worsening acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A multicenter, prospective, observational study

Author: Rewa, O.G., Bagshaw, S.M., Wang, X., Wald, R., Smith, O., Shapiro, J., McMahon, B., Liu, K.D., Trevino, S.A., Chawla, L.S., and Koyner, J.L.
Published: 2019
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7. Panamanian intellectuals and the invention of a peaceful nation (1878-1931)

Author: De la Guardia Wald, R. and Miller, N.
Subjects: 900
Abstract: This thesis analyses the philosophical origin and development of a discourse that presented Panama as an ordered, peaceful and internationalist nation after its independence from Colombia in 1903. Tracing back this discourse to 1878, this thesis argues that Panamanian political and intellectual elites adopted, elaborated and combined ideas of Positivism, Conservatism, and Progressivism to shape distinct processes of nation-building and visions of modernity in the Isthmus until 1931. Furthermore, this thesis will analyse the role of print-capitalism, material culture, schools, public speeches and events in the divulging of these ideas and the formation of Panamanian identity and nationalism. Following this line of thought, the chapters of this thesis will study the different strategies that Panamanian nation-builders used to promote their discourses of civic nationalism: the creation of a pantheon of professional heroes and the forgetting of a military past; the appropriation of suffering; the education policies that aimed at creating a pedagogical elite in charge of providing practical and moral education to Panamanians; and the promotion of an internationalism in schools and international conferences and organisations. The thesis explores the extent to which these strategies helped to overcome the challenges to the construction of the Panamanian nation posed by the presence and interventionism of U.S. military and authorities in Panamanian territory, the unexpected results of modernisation during and after the building of the Panama Canal, the international criticism of Panamanian collaborationism with the U.S. (especially after the latter intervened in Panama’s independence from Colombia), and international developments such as World War I. In doing this, this doctoral thesis attempts to contribute to the discussion regarding the creation of Panamanian identity and challenge the predominant arguments that sustain that either Panamanian national identity was solely founded on the precepts of Liberalism or that it was a fabrication of the U.S.
Published: 2014

8. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime, the operator product expansion, and dark energy

Author: Hollands, S. and Wald, R. M.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: To make sense of quantum field theory in an arbitrary (globally hyperbolic) curved spacetime, the theory must be formulated in a local and covariant manner in terms of locally measureable field observables. Since a generic curved spacetime does not possess symmetries or a unique notion of a vacuum state, the theory also must be formulated in a manner that does not require symmetries or a preferred notion of a ``vacuum state'' and ``particles''. We propose such a formulation of quantum field theory, wherein the operator product expansion (OPE) of the quantum fields is elevated to a fundamental status, and the quantum field theory is viewed as being defined by its OPE. Since the OPE coefficients may be better behaved than any quantities having to do with states, we suggest that it may be possible to perturbatively construct the OPE coefficients--and, thus, the quantum field theory. By contrast, ground/vacuum states--in spacetimes, such as Minkowski spacetime, where they may be defined--cannot vary analytically with the parameters of the theory. We argue that this implies that composite fields may acquire nonvanishing vacuum state expectation values due to nonperturbative effects. We speculate that this could account for the existence of a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of a quantum field occurring at a scale much smaller than the natural scales of the theory., Comment: 9 pages, essay awarded 4th prize by Gravity Research Foundation
Published: 2008
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9. Axiomatic quantum field theory in curved spacetime

Author: Hollands, S. and Wald, R. M.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The usual formulations of quantum field theory in Minkowski spacetime make crucial use of features--such as Poincare invariance and the existence of a preferred vacuum state--that are very special to Minkowski spacetime. In order to generalize the formulation of quantum field theory to arbitrary globally hyperbolic curved spacetimes, it is essential that the theory be formulated in an entirely local and covariant manner, without assuming the presence of a preferred state. We propose a new framework for quantum field theory, in which the existence of an Operator Product Expansion (OPE) is elevated to a fundamental status, and, in essence, all of the properties of the quantum field theory are determined by its OPE. We provide general axioms for the OPE coefficients of a quantum field theory. These include a local and covariance assumption (implying that the quantum field theory is locally and covariantly constructed from the spacetime metric), a microlocal spectrum condition, an "associativity" condition, and the requirement that the coefficient of the identity in the OPE of the product of a field with its adjoint have positive scaling degree. We prove curved spacetime versions of the spin-statistics theorem and the PCT theorem. Some potentially significant further implications of our new viewpoint on quantum field theory are discussed., Comment: Latex, 44 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2008
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10. On the topology of stationary black holes

Author: Chrusciel, P. T. and Wald, R. M.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We prove that the domain of outer communication of a stationary, globally hyperbolic spacetime satisfying the null energy condition must be simply connected. Under suitable additional hypotheses, this implies, in particular, that each connected component of a cross-section of the event horizon of a stationary black hole must have spherical topology., Comment: 7 pages, Latex
Published: 1994
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11. Applications of a New Proposal for Solving the 'Problem of Time' to Some Simple Quantum Cosmological Models

Author: Higuchi, A. and Wald, R. M.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We apply a recent proposal for defining states and observables in quantum gravity to simple models. First, we consider a Klein-Gordon particle in an ex- ternal potential in Minkowski space and compare our proposal to the theory ob- tained by deparametrizing with respect to a time slicing prior to quantiza- tion. We show explicitly that the dynamics of the deparametrization approach depends on the time slicing. Our proposal yields a dynamics independent of the choice of time slicing at intermediate times but after the potential is turned off, the dynamics does not return to the free particle dynamics. Next we apply our proposal to the closed Robertson-Walker quantum cosmology with a massless scalar field with the size of the universe as our time variable, so the only dynamical variable is the scalar field. We show that the resulting theory has the semi-classical behavior up to the classical turning point from expansion to contraction, i.e., given a classical solution which expands for much longer than the Planck time, there is a quantum state whose dynamical evolution closely approximates this classical solution during the expansion. However, when the "time" gets larger than the classical maximum, the scalar field be- comes "frozen" at its value at the maximum expansion. We also obtain similar results in the Taub model. In an Appendix we derive the form of the Wheeler- DeWitt equation for the Bianchi models by performing a proper quantum reduc- tion of the momentum constraints; this equation differs from the usual one ob- tained by solving the momentum constraints classically, prior to quantization., Comment: 30 pages, LaTeX 3 figures (postscript file or hard copy) available upon request, BUTP-94/16
Published: 1994
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12. Maximal Hypersurfaces in Asymptotically Stationary Space-Times

Author: Chrusciel, P. T. and Wald, R.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Existence of maximal hypersurfaces and of foliations by maximal hypersurfaces is proven in two classes of asymptotically flat spacetimes which possess a one parameter group of isometries whose orbits are timelike ``near infinity''. The first class consists of strongly causal asymptotically flat spacetimes which contain no ``black hole or white hole" (but may contain ``ergoregions" where the Killing orbits fail to be timelike). The second class of spacetimes possess a black hole and a white hole, with the black and white hole horizons intersecting in a compact 2-surface $S$., Comment: 44 pages, 2 figures non-included, Latex, MPA-708
Published: 1993
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13. WCN23-0514 Long-term kidney outcomes following pediatric acute kidney injury not receiving dialysis: A population-based propensity-matched cohort study

Author: Robinson, C., primary, Jeyakumar, N., additional, Luo, B., additional, Askenazi, D., additional, Garg, A., additional, Goldstein, S., additional, Greenberg, J., additional, Mammen, C., additional, Nash, D., additional, Parekh, R., additional, Silver, S., additional, Thabane, L., additional, Wald, R., additional, Zappitelli, M., additional, and Chanchlani, R., additional
Published: 2023
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14. Initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis in critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury: a secondary analysis of STARRT-AKI trial.

Author: Wald, R, Gaudry, S, da Costa, BR, Adhikari, NKJ, Bellomo, R, Du, B, Gallagher, MP, Hoste, EA, Lamontagne, F, Joannidis, M, Liu, KD, McAuley, DF, McGuinness, SP, Nichol, AD, Ostermann, M, Palevsky, PM, Qiu, H, Pettilä, V, Schneider, AG, Smith, OM, Vaara, ST, Weir, M, Dreyfuss, D, Bagshaw, SM, STARRT-AKI Investigators, Wald, R, Gaudry, S, da Costa, BR, Adhikari, NKJ, Bellomo, R, Du, B, Gallagher, MP, Hoste, EA, Lamontagne, F, Joannidis, M, Liu, KD, McAuley, DF, McGuinness, SP, Nichol, AD, Ostermann, M, Palevsky, PM, Qiu, H, Pettilä, V, Schneider, AG, Smith, OM, Vaara, ST, Weir, M, Dreyfuss, D, Bagshaw, SM, and STARRT-AKI Investigators
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding the optimal renal-replacement therapy (RRT) modality for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the STandard versus Accelerated Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) trial to compare outcomes among patients who initiated RRT with either continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). We generated a propensity score for the likelihood of receiving CRRT and used inverse probability of treatment with overlap-weighting to address baseline inter-group differences. The primary outcome was a composite of death or RRT dependence at 90-days after randomization. RESULTS: We identified 1590 trial participants who initially received CRRT and 606 who initially received IHD. The composite outcome of death or RRT dependence at 90-days occurred in 823 (51.8%) patients who commenced CRRT and 329 (54.3%) patients who commenced IHD (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-1.09). After balancing baseline characteristics with overlap weighting, initial receipt of CRRT was associated with a lower risk of death or RRT dependence at 90-days compared with initial receipt of IHD (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.66-0.99). This association was predominantly driven by a lower risk of RRT dependence at 90-days (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.39-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients with severe AKI, initiation of CRRT, as compared to IHD, was associated with a significant reduction in the composite outcome of death or RRT dependence at 90-days.
Published: 2023

15. Correction: Impact of renal-replacement therapy strategies on outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease: a secondary analysis of the STARRT-AKI trial.

Author: Bagshaw, SM, Neto, AS, Smith, O, Weir, M, Qiu, H, Du, B, Wang, AY, Gallagher, M, Bellomo, R, Wald, R, STARRT-AKI Investigators, Bagshaw, SM, Neto, AS, Smith, O, Weir, M, Qiu, H, Du, B, Wang, AY, Gallagher, M, Bellomo, R, Wald, R, and STARRT-AKI Investigators
Abstract: In the original version of this article, the given and family names of several of the STARRT-AKI Investigators listed in the Acknowledgements section were incorrectly structured. The correct Acknowledgements section is given below. The original article has been corrected. The authors apologize for the mistake.
Published: 2023

16. Understanding renal recovery

Author: Bell, Max, Chawla, Lakhmir S., and Wald, R.
Published: 2017
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17. Fluid balance and renal replacement therapy initiation strategy: a secondary analysis of the STARRT-AKI trial.

Author: Wald, R, Kirkham, B, daCosta, BR, Ghamarian, E, Adhikari, NKJ, Beaubien-Souligny, W, Bellomo, R, Gallagher, MP, Goldstein, S, Hoste, EAJ, Liu, KD, Neyra, JA, Ostermann, M, Palevsky, PM, Schneider, A, Vaara, ST, Bagshaw, SM, Wald, R, Kirkham, B, daCosta, BR, Ghamarian, E, Adhikari, NKJ, Beaubien-Souligny, W, Bellomo, R, Gallagher, MP, Goldstein, S, Hoste, EAJ, Liu, KD, Neyra, JA, Ostermann, M, Palevsky, PM, Schneider, A, Vaara, ST, and Bagshaw, SM
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), earlier initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) may mitigate fluid accumulation and confer better outcomes among individuals with greater fluid overload at randomization. METHODS: We conducted a pre-planned post hoc analysis of the STandard versus Accelerated initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) trial. We evaluated the effect of accelerated RRT initiation on cumulative fluid balance over the course of 14 days following randomization using mixed models after censoring for death and ICU discharge. We assessed the modifying effect of baseline fluid balance on the impact of RRT initiation strategy on key clinical outcomes. Patients were categorized in quartiles of baseline fluid balance, and the effect of accelerated versus standard RRT initiation on clinical outcomes was assessed in each quartile using risk ratios (95% CI) for categorical variables and mean differences (95% CI) for continuous variables. RESULTS: Among 2927 patients in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, 2738 had available data on baseline fluid balance and 2716 (92.8%) had at least one day of fluid balance data following randomization. Over the subsequent 14 days, participants allocated to the accelerated strategy had a lower cumulative fluid balance compared to those in the standard strategy (4509 (- 728 to 11,698) versus 5646 (0 to 13,151) mL, p = 0.03). Accelerated RRT initiation did not confer greater 90-day survival in any of the baseline fluid balance quartiles (quartile 1: RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.34), quartile 2: RR 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21); quartile 3: RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.27) and quartile 4: RR 0.87 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.03), p value for trend 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Earlier RRT initiation in critically ill patients with AKI conferred a modest attenuation of cumulative fluid balance. Nonetheless, among patients with greater fluid accumulation at randomization, accelerated RRT
Published: 2022

18. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Multiparametric Overview and Correlation with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Physical Activity Level

Author: Leonardi, B., Gentili, F., Perrone, M. A., Sollazzo, Fabrizio, Cocomello, L., Kikina, S. S., Wald, R. M., Palmieri, Vincenzo, Secinaro, A., Gagliardi, M. G., Parisi, A., Turchetta, A., Galletti, L., Bianco, Massimiliano, Drago, F., Sollazzo F., Palmieri V. (ORCID:0000-0002-4478-4033), Bianco M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0587-5899), Leonardi, B., Gentili, F., Perrone, M. A., Sollazzo, Fabrizio, Cocomello, L., Kikina, S. S., Wald, R. M., Palmieri, Vincenzo, Secinaro, A., Gagliardi, M. G., Parisi, A., Turchetta, A., Galletti, L., Bianco, Massimiliano, Drago, F., Sollazzo F., Palmieri V. (ORCID:0000-0002-4478-4033), and Bianco M. (ORCID:0000-0002-0587-5899)
Abstract: Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) typically report having preserved subjective exercise tolerance. Chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) with varying degrees of right ventricular (RV) dilation as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is prevalent in rToF and may contribute to clinical compromise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides an objective assessment of functional capacity, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) can provide additional data on physical activity (PA) achieved. Our aim was to assess the association between CPET values, IPAQ measures, and MRI parameters. All rToF patients who had both an MRI and CPET performed within one year between March 2019 and June 2021 were selected. Clinical data were extracted from electronic records (including demographic, surgical history, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, QRS duration, arrhythmia, MRI parameters, and CPET data). PA level, based on the IPAQ, was assessed at the time of CPET. Eighty-four patients (22.8 +/- 8.4 years) showed a reduction in exercise capacity (median peak VO2 30 mL/kg/min (range 25-33); median percent predicted peak VO2 68% (range 61-78)). Peak VO2, correlated with biventricular stroke volumes (RVSV: beta = 6.11 (95%CI, 2.38 to 9.85), p = 0.002; LVSV: beta = 15.69 (95% CI 10.16 to 21.21), p < 0.0001) and LVEDVi (beta = 8.74 (95%CI, 0.66 to 16.83), p = 0.04) on multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, and PA level. Other parameters which correlated with stroke volumes included oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) (RVSV: beta = 6.88 (95%CI, 1.93 to 11.84), p = 0.008; LVSV: beta = 17.86 (95% CI 10.31 to 25.42), p < 0.0001) and peak O-2 pulse (RVSV: beta = 0.03 (95%CI, 0.01 to 0.05), p = 0.007; LVSV: beta = 0.08 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.11), p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis adjusted for age and gender, PA level correlated significantly with peak VO2/kg (beta = 0.02, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.04; p = 0.019).
Published: 2022

19. Evaluation of deficiencies in current discharge summaries for dialysis patients in Canada

Author: Perl J, Schwartz D, Bell CM, Harel Z, and Wald R
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Ziv Harel1,2, Ron Wald1,3, Jeff Perl1,3, Daniel Schwartz4, Chaim Bell2,31Division of Nephrology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 2Department of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 3Department of Medicine and Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, 4Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaBackground: Deficits in the transfer of information between inpatient and outpatient physicians are common and pose a patient safety risk. This is particularly the case for vulnerable populations such as patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. These patients have unique and complex health care needs that may not be effectively communicated on standard discharge summaries, which may result in potential medical errors and adverse events.Objective: To evaluate Canadian dialysis center directors' perceptions of deficiencies in the content and quality of hospital discharge summaries for dialysis patients.Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional survey of Canadian dialysis center directors was performed between September and November 2010. The survey consisted of three parts. The first part was designed to assess dialysis center directors' attitudes on the quality of discharge summaries they receive. The second part was designed to elicit respondents' preferences for discharge summary content, and the third part consisted of questions regarding demographic and practice information.Results: Of 79 dialysis center directors, 21 (27%) completed the survey. Sixty-two percent felt that current discharge summaries inadequately communicate dialysis-specific information. Receipt of antibiotics for line sepsis or peritonitis, modifications to vascular access, and changes in target weight/dialysis prescription were rated as essential dialysis-specific information to include in discharge summaries by respondents.Conclusion: Over three quarters of dialysis center directors find the current practice of transferring discharge information for hospitalized dialysis patients grossly inadequate. The inclusion of dialysis-specific information may improve the quality of discharge summaries for dialysis patients.Keywords: information transfer, dialysis patients, discharge information
Published: 2012

20. Corrigendum to “Timing of continuous renal replacement therapy in severe acute kidney injury patients with fluid overload: A retrospective cohort study” [J Crit Care. 2021 Aug; 64: 226–236]

Author: Lin, J., primary, Ji, X.J., additional, Wang, A.Y., additional, Liu, J.F., additional, Liu, P., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Qi, Z.L., additional, Guo, D.C., additional, Bellomo, R., additional, Bagshaw, S.M., additional, Wald, R., additional, Gallagher, M., additional, and Duan, M.L., additional
Published: 2021
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21. Long-term assessment of clinical outcomes and disease progression in patients with corrected Tetralogy of Fallot

Author: Ali, L. A., Gentili, F., Festa, P., Perrone, M. A., Curione, D., Caputo, M., Wald, R., Secinaro, A., Carotti, A., Chinali, M., Marrone, C., Pak, V., Federici, D., Gagliardi, M. G., Bianco, Massimiliano, Galletti, L., Drago, F., and Leonardi, B.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cardiac magnetic resonance, Adolescent, Ventricular Dysfunction, Right, Age Factors, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Stroke Volume, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, Settore M-EDF/01 - METODI E DIDATTICHE DELLE ATTIVITÀ MOTORIE, Risk Factors, Repaired tetralogy of Fallot, Disease Progression, Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular Function, Right, Right ventricle, Humans, Female, Child, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Understanding changes of right ventricular (RV) geometry and function in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) patients can improve decision-making for pulmonary valve replacement. Therefore, we aimed to assess the magnitude and clinical correlations of RV changes in rToF patients.Clinical and MRI data of rToF patients who underwent repeated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at two centers between December 2003 and September 2020 were analyzed together with anatomical factors, including RV outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary artery branch stenosis, and tricuspid regurgitation. Adverse cardiac events and/or NYHA class worsening were documented and correlated with MRI changes. QRS length was reported at each MRI.Two-hundred-and-nineteen rToF patients (53% males, aged 20.2 ± 10.1 years) were enrolled. An increase of ventricular dimensions, except LVEDVi, and worsening of right and left ejection fractions were found over an average period of 5 years of follow-up. These changes were statistically significant but within 10% of the initial value. No significant changes were reported on a year-to-year basis, except in a small group of patients (6%) in whom no predictive factors were identified. Despite similar RV dimensions at the first examination, younger patients had a higher RV ejection fraction and a different annual rate of change of ventricular dimensions compared to older ones. Patients with arrhythmias (20%) were more frequently older and had larger RV dimensions but showed no significant correlations with MRI changes/years. Changes in RV dimensions and function occur rarely and very slowly in rToF patients. A small percentage of patients experience a significant worsening in a short time interval without any recognized risk factors. Arrhythmias appear to occur in a small percentage of cases in the late follow-up.
Published: 2021

22. Tests of general relativity with the binary black hole signals from the LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1

Author: Abbott, B, Abbott, R, Abbott, T, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, C, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Affeldt, C, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Allen, G, Allocca, A, Aloy, M, Altin, P, Amato, A, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Angelova, S, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Araya, M, Areeda, J, Arene, M, Arnaud, N, Arun, K, Ascenzi, S, Ashton, G, Aston, S, Astone, P, Aubin, F, Aufmuth, P, Aultoneal, K, Austin, C, Avendano, V, Avila-Alvarez, A, Babak, S, Bacon, P, Badaracco, F, Bader, M, Bae, S, Baker, P, Baldaccini, F, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, S, Banagiri, S, Barayoga, J, Barclay, S, Barish, B, Barker, D, Barkett, K, Barnum, S, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartlett, J, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bawaj, M, Bayley, J, Bazzan, M, Becsy, B, Bejger, M, Belahcene, I, Bell, A, Beniwal, D, Berger, B, Bergmann, G, Bernuzzi, S, Bero, J, Berry, C, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Bhandare, R, Bidler, J, Bilenko, I, Bilgili, S, Billingsley, G, Birch, J, Birney, R, Birnholtz, O, Biscans, S, Biscoveanu, S, Bisht, A, Bitossi, M, Bizouard, M, Blackburn, J, Blair, C, Blair, D, Blair, R, Bloemen, S, Bode, N, Boer, M, Boetzel, Y, Bogaert, G, Bondu, F, Bonilla, E, Bonnand, R, Booker, P, Boom, B, Booth, C, Bork, R, Boschi, V, Bose, S, Bossie, K, Bossilkov, V, Bosveld, J, Bouffanais, Y, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, P, Bramley, A, Branchesi, M, Brau, J, Breschi, M, Briant, T, Briggs, J, Brighenti, F, Brillet, A, Brinkmann, M, Brisson, V, Brito, R, Brockill, P, Brooks, A, Brown, D, Brunett, S, Buikema, A, Bulik, T, Bulten, H, Buonanno, A, Buskulic, D, Rosell, M, Buy, C, Byer, R, Cabero, M, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Cahillane, C, Bustillo, J, Callister, T, Calloni, E, Camp, J, Campbell, W, Canepa, M, Cannon, K, Cao, H, Cao, J, Capano, C, Capocasa, E, Carbognani, F, Caride, S, Carney, M, Carullo, G, Diaz, J, Casentini, C, Caudill, S, Cavaglia, M, Cavalier, F, Cavalieri, R, Cella, G, Cerda-Duran, P, Cerretani, G, Cesarini, E, Chaibi, O, Chakravarti, K, Chamberlin, S, Chan, M, Chao, S, Charlton, P, Chase, E, Chassande-Mottin, E, Chatterjee, D, Chaturvedi, M, Chatziioannou, K, Cheeseboro, B, Chen, H, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Cheng, H, Cheong, C, Chia, H, Chincarini, A, Chiummo, A, Cho, G, Cho, H, Cho, M, Christensen, N, Chu, Q, Chua, S, Chung, K, Chung, S, Ciani, G, Ciobanu, A, Ciolfi, R, Cipriano, F, Cirone, A, Clara, F, Clark, J, Clearwater, P, Cleva, F, Cocchieri, C, Coccia, E, Cohadon, P, Cohen, D, Colgan, R, Colleoni, M, Collette, C, Collins, C, Cominsky, L, Constancio, M, Conti, L, Cooper, S, Corban, P, Corbitt, T, Cordero-Carrion, I, Corley, K, Cornish, N, Corsi, A, Cortese, S, Costa, C, Cotesta, R, Coughlin, M, Coughlin, S, Coulon, J, Countryman, S, Couvares, P, Covas, P, Cowan, E, Coward, D, Cowart, M, Coyne, D, Coyne, R, Creighton, J, Creighton, T, Cripe, J, Croquette, M, Crowder, S, Cullen, T, Cumming, A, Cunningham, L, Cuoco, E, Canton, T, Dalya, G, Danilishin, S, D'Antonio, S, Danzmann, K, Dasgupta, A, Datrier, L, Dattilo, V, Dave, I, Davier, M, Davis, D, Daw, E, Debra, D, Deenadayalan, M, Degallaix, J, De Laurentis, M, Deleglise, S, Del Pozzo, W, Demarchi, L, Demos, N, Dent, T, De Pietri, R, Derby, J, De Rosa, R, De Rossi, C, Desalvo, R, De Varona, O, Dhurandhar, S, Diaz, M, Dietrich, T, Di Fiore, L, Di Giovanni, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Lieto, A, Ding, B, Di Pace, S, Di Palma, I, Di Renzo, F, Dmitriev, A, Doctor, Z, Donovan, F, Dooley, K, Doravari, S, Dorrington, I, Downes, T, Drago, M, Driggers, J, Du, Z, Ducoin, J, Dupej, P, Dwyer, S, Easter, P, Edo, T, Edwards, M, Effler, A, Ehrens, P, Eichholz, J, Eikenberry, S, Eisenmann, M, Eisenstein, R, Essick, R, Estelles, H, Estevez, D, Etienne, Z, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Fafone, V, Fair, H, Fairhurst, S, Fan, X, Farinon, S, Farr, B, Farr, W, Fauchon-Jones, E, Favata, M, Fays, M, Fazio, M, Fee, C, Feicht, J, Fejer, M, Feng, F, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Ferrante, I, Ferreira, E, Ferreira, T, Ferrini, F, Fidecaro, F, Fiori, I, Fiorucci, D, Fishbach, M, Fisher, R, Fishner, J, Fitz-Axen, M, Flaminio, R, Fletcher, M, Flynn, E, Fong, H, Font, J, Forsyth, P, Fournier, J, Frasca, S, Frasconi, F, Frei, Z, Freise, A, Frey, R, Frey, V, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Gabbard, H, Gadre, B, Gaebel, S, Gair, J, Gammaitoni, L, Ganija, M, Gaonkar, S, Garcia, A, Garcia-Quiros, C, Garufi, F, Gateley, B, Gaudio, S, Gaur, G, Gayathri, V, Gemme, G, Genin, E, Gennai, A, George, D, George, J, Gergely, L, Germain, V, Ghonge, S, Ghosh, A, Ghosh, S, Giacomazzo, B, Giaime, J, Giardina, K, Giazotto, A, Gill, K, Giordano, G, Glover, L, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Goetz, R, Goncharov, B, Gonzalez, G, Castro, J, Gopakumar, A, Gorodetsky, M, Gossan, S, Gosselin, M, Gouaty, R, Grado, A, Graef, C, Granata, M, Grant, A, Gras, S, Grassia, P, Gray, C, Gray, R, Greco, G, Green, A, Green, R, Gretarsson, E, Groot, P, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Gruning, P, Guidi, G, Gulati, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Gustafson, E, Gustafson, R, Haegel, L, Halim, O, Hall, B, Hall, E, Hamilton, E, Hammond, G, Haney, M, Hanke, M, Hanks, J, Hanna, C, Hannam, M, Hannuksela, O, Hanson, J, Hardwick, T, Haris, K, Harms, J, Harry, G, Harry, I, Haster, C, Haughian, K, Hayes, F, Healy, J, Heidmann, A, Heintze, M, Heitmann, H, Hello, P, Hemming, G, Hendry, M, Heng, I, Hennig, J, Heptonstall, A, Vivanco, F, Heurs, M, Hild, S, Hinderer, T, Hoak, D, Hochheim, S, Hofman, D, Holgado, A, Holland, N, Holt, K, Holz, D, Hopkins, P, Horst, C, Hough, J, Howell, E, Hoy, C, Hreibi, A, Huerta, E, Huet, D, Hughey, B, Hulko, M, Husa, S, Huttner, S, Huynh-Dinh, T, Idzkowski, B, Iess, A, Ingram, C, Inta, R, Intini, G, Irwin, B, Isa, H, Isac, J, Isi, M, Iyer, B, Izumi, K, Jacqmin, T, Jadhav, S, Jani, K, Janthalur, N, Jaranowski, P, Jenkins, A, Jiang, J, Johnson, D, Johnson-Mcdaniel, N, Jones, A, Jones, D, Jones, R, Jonker, R, Ju, L, Junker, J, Kalaghatgi, C, Kalogera, V, Kamai, B, Kandhasamy, S, Kang, G, Kanner, J, Kapadia, S, Karki, S, Karvinen, K, Kashyap, R, Kasprzack, M, Katsanevas, S, Katsavounidis, E, Katzman, W, Kaufer, S, Kawabe, K, Keerthana, N, Kefelian, F, Keitel, D, Kennedy, R, Key, J, Khalili, F, Khan, H, Khan, I, Khan, S, Khan, Z, Khazanov, E, Khursheed, M, Kijbunchoo, N, Kim, C, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, W, Kim, Y, Kimball, C, King, E, King, P, Kinley-Hanlon, M, Kirchhoff, R, Kissel, J, Kleybolte, L, Klika, J, Klimenko, S, Knowles, T, Koch, P, Koehlenbeck, S, Koekoek, G, Koley, S, Kondrashov, V, Kontos, A, Koper, N, Korobko, M, Korth, W, Kowalska, I, Kozak, D, Kringel, V, Krishnendu, N, Krolak, A, Kuehn, G, Kumar, A, Kumar, P, Kumar, R, Kumar, S, Kuo, L, Kutynia, A, Kwang, S, Lackey, B, Lai, K, Lam, T, Landry, M, Lane, B, Lang, R, Lange, J, Lantz, B, Lanza, R, Lartaux-Vollard, A, Lasky, P, Laxen, M, Lazzarini, A, Lazzaro, C, Leaci, P, Leavey, S, Lecoeuche, Y, Lee, C, Lee, H, Lee, J, Lee, K, Lehmann, J, Lenon, A, Leroy, N, Letendre, N, Levin, Y, Li, J, Li, K, Li, T, Li, X, Lin, F, Linde, F, Linker, 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Abstract: The detection of gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo provides an opportunity to test general relativity in a regime that is inaccessible to traditional astronomical observations and laboratory tests. We present four tests of the consistency of the data with binary black hole gravitational waveforms predicted by general relativity. One test subtracts the best-fit waveform from the data and checks the consistency of the residual with detector noise. The second test checks the consistency of the low- and high-frequency parts of the observed signals. The third test checks that phenomenological deviations introduced in the waveform model (including in the post-Newtonian coefficients) are consistent with 0. The fourth test constrains modifications to the propagation of gravitational waves due to a modified dispersion relation, including that from a massive graviton. We present results both for individual events and also results obtained by combining together particularly strong events from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, as collected in the catalog GWTC-1. We do not find any inconsistency of the data with the predictions of general relativity and improve our previously presented combined constraints by factors of 1.1 to 2.5. In particular, we bound the mass of the graviton to be mg≤4.7×10-23 eV/c2 (90% credible level), an improvement of a factor of 1.6 over our previously presented results. Additionally, we check that the four gravitational-wave events published for the first time in GWTC-1 do not lead to stronger constraints on alternative polarizations than those published previously.
Published: 2019

23. Construction of Metric and Vector Potential Perturbations of a Reissner- Nordstrom Black Hole

Author: Wald, R. M.
Published: 1979

24. Timing of continuous renal replacement therapy in severe acute kidney injury patients with fluid overload: A retrospective cohort study

Author: Lin, J., primary, Ji, X.J., additional, Wang, A.Y., additional, Liu, J.F., additional, Liu, P., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Qi, Z.L., additional, Guo, D.C., additional, Bellomo, R., additional, Bagshaw, S.M., additional, Wald, R., additional, Gallagher, M., additional, and Duan, M.L., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Make your own

Author: Wald, R., Heyselaar, E.S., Bosse, T., Masthoff, J., Herder, E., Tintarev, N., Tkalcic, M., Youth & Media Entertainment (ASCoR, FMG), Masthoff, J., Herder, E., Tintarev, N., and Tkalcic, M.
Subjects: Active involvement, Point (typography), Computer science, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 050801 communication & media studies, Interpersonal communication, computer.software_genre, Chatbot, Communication and Media, Personalization, 0508 media and communications, User experience design, Human–computer interaction, 0502 economics and business, 050211 marketing, business, computer, Competence (human resources)
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext Interacting with chatbots has become ubiquitous nowadays. Nevertheless, conversational agents often remain unable to reliably succeed in social contexts, which negatively influences users' experience and prevents them from exploiting the technology's full potential. To improve user experience and subsequent trust-formation in chatbots only very little attention has been paid to the active involvement of the user and with that to customization options. Employing a preregistered experimental 1x2 between-subjects study design (N = 171) this study explores an alternative approach to the typical one-chatbot-fits-all solution and investigates the potential of active user-based chatbot customization for the development of trust in chatbots. While customization had no direct effect on trust, anthropomorphism was identified as a significant mediator. The chatbot's interpersonal communicational competence was not affected by customization, yet it did predict trust. Exploratory analyses of participants’ feedback point towards the importance of individual differences between users and generally show a positive impact of customization on the overall chatbot experience. UMAP '21: 29th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands, 21-25 June 2021)
Published: 2021

26. Make your own: The potential of chatbot customization for the development of user trust

Author: Masthoff, J., Herder, E., Tintarev, N., Tkalcic, M., Wald, R., Heyselaar, E.S., Bosse, T., Masthoff, J., Herder, E., Tintarev, N., Tkalcic, M., Wald, R., Heyselaar, E.S., and Bosse, T.
Abstract: UMAP '21: 29th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands, 21-25 June 2021), Item does not contain fulltext, Interacting with chatbots has become ubiquitous nowadays. Nevertheless, conversational agents often remain unable to reliably succeed in social contexts, which negatively influences users' experience and prevents them from exploiting the technology's full potential. To improve user experience and subsequent trust-formation in chatbots only very little attention has been paid to the active involvement of the user and with that to customization options. Employing a preregistered experimental 1x2 between-subjects study design (N = 171) this study explores an alternative approach to the typical one-chatbot-fits-all solution and investigates the potential of active user-based chatbot customization for the development of trust in chatbots. While customization had no direct effect on trust, anthropomorphism was identified as a significant mediator. The chatbot's interpersonal communicational competence was not affected by customization, yet it did predict trust. Exploratory analyses of participants’ feedback point towards the importance of individual differences between users and generally show a positive impact of customization on the overall chatbot experience.
Published: 2021

27. Tests of General Relativity with GWTC-3

Author: Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Alarcón, P. F. de, Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Apostolatos, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Assis de Souza Melo, S., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becher, B. R., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., BenYaala, M., Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M.-A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boër, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bonavena, L. D., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabourn Davies, G. S., Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Calderón Bustillo, J., Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Cameron, J., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canevarolo, S., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Casanueva Diaz, J., Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chalathadka Subrahmanya, S., Champion, E., Chan, C.-H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, K., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, I. P., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chatziioannou, K., Chen, C., Chen, D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y.-B., Chen, Y.-R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C.-Y., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chu, Y.-K., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio, M., Jr., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N. J., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coulon, J.-P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Curyło, M., Dabadie, P., Dal Canton, T., Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., Dana, A., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Datta, Sayak, Datta, Sayantani, Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Michele, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J.-G., Dupej, P., Dupletsa, U., Durante, O., D'Urso, D., Duverne, P.-A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Easter, P. J., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eguchi, S., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Engelby, E., Enomoto, Y., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Floden, E., Fong, H. K., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franke, A., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Freed, J. P., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fujii, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fujimoto, Y., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B. U., Gair, J. R., Gais, J., Galaudage, S., Gamba, R., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gao, D., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., García Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Ge, G. -G., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Gewecke, P., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacomazzo, B., Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gier, C., Giesler, M., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gohlke, N., Golomb, J., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granata, M., Granata, V., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimes, E., Grimm, S. J., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Guixé, G., Gulati, H. K., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H. -K., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, I. M., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gustafson, R., Guzman, F., Ha, S., Hadiputrawan, I. P. W., Haegel, L., Haino, S., Halim, O., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O., Hansen, H., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hartwig, D., Hasegawa, K., Haskell, B., Haster, C -J., Hathaway, J. S., Hattori, K., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heidt, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J., Hennig, M. H., Henshaw, C., Hernandez, A. G., Hernandez Vivanco, F., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, P., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, T.-C., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Hohmann, J. N., Holcomb, D. G., Holland, N. A., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hong, Q., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hreibi, A., Hsieh, B.-H., Hsieh, H.-F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, Y., Huang, H-.Y., Huang, P., Huang, Y-C., Huang, Y.-J., Huang, Yiting, Huang, Yiwen, Hübner, M. T., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Ide, S., Idzkowski, B., Iess, A., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iosif, P., Isi, M., Isleif, K., Ito, K., Itoh, Y., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacqmin, T., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaranowski, P., Jariwala, D., Jaume, R., Jenkins, A. C., Jenner, K., Jeon, C., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johns, G. R., Johnson-McDaniel, N. K., Johnston, R., Jones, A. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, P., Jones, R., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jue, A., Jung, P., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kaihotsu, K., Kajita, T., Kakizaki, M., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kao, Y., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawaguchi, K., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, S., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khetan, N., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, A., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knowles, T. D., Knust, N., Knyazev, E., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, P., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kondrashov, V., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kozakai, C., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuei, F., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuromiya, Y., Kuroyanagi, S., Kwak, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lam, T. L., Lamberts, A., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., LeBohec, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, E., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Leonova, E., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levesque, C., Levin, Y., Leviton, J. N., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, B., Li, J., Li, K. L., Li, P., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, C-Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F.-K., Lin, F.-L., Lin, H. L., Lin, L. C. C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Linley, J. N., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, G. C., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Llamas, F., Lo, R. K. L., Lo, T., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Lopez Portilla, M., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott, T. P., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lucaccioni, J. F., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, L. -W., Lynam, J. E., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Machtinger, J. B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Magaña Hernandez, I., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, S., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Marín Pina, D., Marion, F., Mark, Z., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, M., Martinez, V. A., Martinez, V., Martinovic, K., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matichard, F., Matiushechkina, M., Mavalvala, N., McCann, J. J., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McClincy, P. K., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGhee, G. I., McGuire, S. C., McIsaac, C., McIver, J., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Melchor, D. A., Mendell, G., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Mihaylov, D. P., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, A., Miller, B., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milotti, E., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Miravet-Tenés, M., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyo, K., Miyoki, S., Mo, Geoffrey, Modafferi, L. M., Moguel, E., Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina, I., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moragues, J., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., More, A., Moreno, C., Moreno, G., Mori, Y., Morisaki, S., Morisue, N., Moriwaki, Y., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muñiz, E. A., Murray, P. G., Musenich, R., Muusse, S., Nadji, S. L., Nagano, K., Nagar, A., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nakayama, Y., Napolano, V., Nardecchia, I., Narikawa, T., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, B., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neubauer, P., Neunzert, A., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S. W. S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Nguyen, T., Nguyen Quynh, L., Ni, J., Ni, W. -T., Nichols, S. A., Nishimoto, T., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Nozaki, S., Nurbek, G., Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, Y., Oberling, J., O'Brien, B. D., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogaki, W., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., Oh, S. H., Ohashi, M., Ohashi, T., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Okutani, Y., Olivetto, C., Oohara, K., Oram, R., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ormsby, N. D., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, E., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Otabe, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pagliaroli, G., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Pal, S., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Pan, K.-C., Panda, P. K., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Paolone, A., Pappas, G., Parisi, A., Park, H., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patel, M., Pathak, M., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pegoraro, M., Pele, A., Peña Arellano, F. E., Penano, S., Penn, S., Perego, A., Pereira, A., Pereira, T., Perez, C. J., Périgois, C., Perkins, C. C., Perreca, A., Perriès, S., Pesios, D., Petermann, J., Petterson, D., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pineda-Bosque, C., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Piotrzkowski, K., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Pluchar, C., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pong, D. Y. T., Ponrathnam, S., Porter, E. K., Poulton, R., Poverman, A., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Pratten, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Prudenzi, L., Puecher, A., Punturo, M., Puosi, F., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quartey, N., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Quitzow-James, R., Qutob, N., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radkins, H., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Rail, S. X., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Ramirez, K. E., Ramirez, T. D., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, J., Rapagnani, P., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Raza, N., Razzano, M., Read, J., Rees, L. A., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reid, S. W., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reza, A., Rezac, M., Ricci, F., Richards, D., Richardson, J. W., Richardson, L., Riemenschneider, G., Riles, K., Rinaldi, S., Rink, K., Robertson, N. 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D., Knust, N., Knyazev, E., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, P., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kondrashov, V., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kozakai, C., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuei, F., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuromiya, Y., Kuroyanagi, S., Kwak, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lam, T. L., Lamberts, A., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., LeBohec, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, E., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Leonova, E., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levesque, C., Levin, Y., Leviton, J. N., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. 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F., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neubauer, P., Neunzert, A., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S. W. S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Nguyen, T., Nguyen Quynh, L., Ni, J., Ni, W. -T., Nichols, S. A., Nishimoto, T., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Nozaki, S., Nurbek, G., Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, Y., Oberling, J., O'Brien, B. D., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogaki, W., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., Oh, S. H., Ohashi, M., Ohashi, T., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Okutani, Y., Olivetto, C., Oohara, K., Oram, R., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ormsby, N. D., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, E., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Otabe, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pagliaroli, G., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Pal, S., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Pan, K.-C., Panda, P. K., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Paolone, A., Pappas, G., Parisi, A., Park, H., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patel, M., Pathak, M., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pegoraro, M., Pele, A., Peña Arellano, F. E., Penano, S., Penn, S., Perego, A., Pereira, A., Pereira, T., Perez, C. J., Périgois, C., Perkins, C. C., Perreca, A., Perriès, S., Pesios, D., Petermann, J., Petterson, D., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pineda-Bosque, C., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Piotrzkowski, K., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Pluchar, C., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pong, D. Y. T., Ponrathnam, S., Porter, E. K., Poulton, R., Poverman, A., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Pratten, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Prudenzi, L., Puecher, A., Punturo, M., Puosi, F., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quartey, N., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Quitzow-James, R., Qutob, N., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radkins, H., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Rail, S. X., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Ramirez, K. E., Ramirez, T. D., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, J., Rapagnani, P., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Raza, N., Razzano, M., Read, J., Rees, L. A., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reid, S. W., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reza, A., Rezac, M., Ricci, F., Richards, D., Richardson, J. W., Richardson, L., Riemenschneider, G., Riles, K., Rinaldi, S., Rink, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rodriguez, S., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romanelli, M., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Ronchini, S., Rosa, L., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rowlinson, S. J., Roy, S., Roy, Santosh, Roy, Soumen, Rozza, D., Ruggi, P., Ruiz-Rocha, K., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadiq, J., Saha, S., Saito, Y., Sakai, K., Sakellariadou, M., Sakon, S., Salafia, O. S., Salces-Carcoba, F., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, J. H., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Sanuy, A., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Savant, V., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. 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C., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sudhir, V., Sugimoto, R., Suh, H. G., Sullivan, A. G., Sullivan, J. M., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, Takamasa, Suzuki, Takanori, Suzuki, Toshikazu, Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takano, S., Takeda, H., Takeda, M., Talbot, C. J., Talbot, C., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, Taiki, Tanaka, Takahiro, Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, D., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Tapia San Martin, E. N., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Tenorio, R., Terhune, J. E. S., Terkowski, L., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, E. E., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Toivonen, A. M., Tolley, A. 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J., Venneberg, J., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vinet, J.-Y., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vocca, H., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Wald, R., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, J., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Weller, C. M., Weller, R. A., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. D., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wilson, D. J., Wipf, C. C., Wlodarczyk, T., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wong, D., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Yamada, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T., Yamashita, K., Yamazaki, R., Yang, F. W., Yang, K. Z., Yang, L., Yang, Y.-C., Yang, Y., Yang, Yang, Yap, M. J., Yeeles, D. W., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Ying, M., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yoshioka, T., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeidler, S., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J.-P., Zevin, M., Zhan, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, G., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Yue, Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Abstract: The ever-increasing number of detections of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binaries by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors allows us to perform ever-more sensitive tests of general relativity (GR) in the dynamical and strong-field regime of gravity. We perform a suite of tests of GR using the compact binary signals observed during the second half of the third observing run of those detectors. We restrict our analysis to the 15 confident signals that have false alarm rates ≤10⁻³yr⁻¹. In addition to signals consistent with binary black hole (BH) mergers, the new events include GW200115_042309, a signal consistent with a neutron star--BH merger. We find the residual power, after subtracting the best fit waveform from the data for each event, to be consistent with the detector noise. Additionally, we find all the post-Newtonian deformation coefficients to be consistent with the predictions from GR, with an improvement by a factor of ~2 in the -1PN parameter. We also find that the spin-induced quadrupole moments of the binary BH constituents are consistent with those of Kerr BHs in GR. We find no evidence for dispersion of GWs, non-GR modes of polarization, or post-merger echoes in the events that were analyzed. We update the bound on the mass of the graviton, at 90% credibility, to m_g ≤ 1.27×10⁻²³eV/c². The final mass and final spin as inferred from the pre-merger and post-merger parts of the waveform are consistent with each other. The studies of the properties of the remnant BHs, including deviations of the quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, show consistency with the predictions of GR. In addition to considering signals individually, we also combine results from the catalog of GW signals to calculate more precise population constraints. We find no evidence in support of physics beyond GR.
Published: 2021

28. Make your own: The potential of chatbot customization for the development of user trust.

Author: Wald, R. and Wald, R.
Subjects: Communication and Media.
Published: 2021

29. Custom-made chatbots: About the potential of active user-chatbot-customization for the user experience design

Author: Wald, R., Heyselaar, E.S., and Bosse, T.
Subjects: Communication and Media
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext Conversations 2020: 4th International workshop on Chatbot Research (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Nov 23-24, 2020)
Published: 2020

30. Plasma Exchange and Glucocorticoids in Severe ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Author: Walsh, M, Merkel, PA, Peh, C-A, Szpirt, WM, Puéchal, X, Fujimoto, S, Hawley, CM, Khalidi, N, Floßmann, O, Wald, R, Girard, LP, Levin, A, Gregorini, G, Harper, L, Clark, WF, Pagnoux, C, Specks, U, Smyth, L, Tesar, V, Ito-Ihara, T, de Zoysa, JR, Szczeklik, W, Flores-Suárez, LF, Carette, S, Guillevin, L, Pusey, CD, Casian, AL, Brezina, B, Mazzetti, A, McAlear, CA, Broadhurst, E, Reidlinger, D, Mehta, S, Ives, N, Jayne, DRW, Walsh, M, Merkel, PA, Peh, C-A, Szpirt, WM, Puéchal, X, Fujimoto, S, Hawley, CM, Khalidi, N, Floßmann, O, Wald, R, Girard, LP, Levin, A, Gregorini, G, Harper, L, Clark, WF, Pagnoux, C, Specks, U, Smyth, L, Tesar, V, Ito-Ihara, T, de Zoysa, JR, Szczeklik, W, Flores-Suárez, LF, Carette, S, Guillevin, L, Pusey, CD, Casian, AL, Brezina, B, Mazzetti, A, McAlear, CA, Broadhurst, E, Reidlinger, D, Mehta, S, Ives, N, and Jayne, DRW
Abstract: Death from any cause or ESKD occurred in 100 of 352 patients (28.4%) in the plasma-exchange group and in 109 of 352 patients (31.0%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 1.13; P=0.27). The results were similar in subgroup analyses and in analyses of secondary outcomes. We also assessed the noninferiority of a reduced-dose regimen of glucocorticoids to a standard-dose regimen, using a noninferiority margin of 11 percentage points. Death from any cause or ESKD occurred in 92 of 330 patients (27.9%) in the reduced-dose group and in 83 of 325 patients (25.5%) in the standard-dose group (absolute risk difference, 2.3 percentage points; 90% CI, −3.4 to 8.0), which met the criterion for noninferiority. Serious infections at 1 year were less common in the reduced-dose group than in the standard-dose group (incidence rate ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.93), but other secondary outcomes were similar in the two groups.
Published: 2020

31. Attitudes and views of the general public towards research participation

Author: Burns, K. E. A., Magyarody, N., Jiang, D., and Wald, R.
Published: 2013
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32. A contemporary approach to the obstetric management of women with heart disease

Author: Robertson, J E, Silversides, C K, Mah, M L, Kulikowski, J, Maxwell, C, Wald, R M, Colman, J M, Siu, S C, and Sermer, M
Published: 2013

33. Safety of a Restrictive versus Liberal Approach to Red Blood Cell Transfusion on the Outcome of AKI in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Garg A, Badner N, Bagshaw S, Cuerden M, Fergusson D, Gregory A, Hall J, Hare G, Khanykin B, McGuinness S, Parikh C, Roshanov P, Shehata N, Sontrop J, Syed S, Tagarakis G, Thorpe K, Verma S, Wald R, Whitlock R, Mazer C, de Medicis E, Masse M, Marchand J, MacAdams C, Seal D, Ferland A, Ali I, Maier K, Creary T, Tittley L, Spence J, Jaffer I, Brodutch S, Lellouche F, Bussieres J, Dagenais F, Lizotte P, Gagne N, Tremblay H, Breton C, Bouchard P, Bainbridge D, Bentall T, Beique F, Ramachandran S, Rochon A, Vervais M, Grenier S, Grocott H, Kashani H, Ambrose E, McVagh J, Mazer, Hare, Verma, Crescini C, Yagnik S, Slabiak A, Han K, Fremes S, Karkhanis R, Baig N, Sidhu S, MacArthur R, Reid K, Boehnke S, Hudson C, Rubens F, Winch D, Klein R, Grey R, Teoh K, Wiley W, Darby C, Ho A, Saha T, Shore D, Shelley J, Lamarche Y, Sirois C, Brown C, Dube C, Holden K, Roy L, Rolfe B, Brown S, Saczkowski R, Senner W, Carrier F, Noiseux N, Hebert P, Benettaib F, Ghamraoui A, Lebrasseur M, Beattie W, Carroll J, Poonawala H, Zbitnew G, Howells S, Mawhinney R, Sampson S, Yegappan C, Schroeder R, Perfect S, Jones M, Leff J, Nair S, Moncada K, Joco C, Harrison M, Greilich P, Landgraf K, Kramer R, Gallant B, Fontes M, Stavris K, Rosengart T, Debakey M, Omer S, Coffey K, Broussard E, Tseng E, London M, Stanley K, Casson L, Julien M, Myles P, Wallace S, Galagher W, Ditoro A, Royse A, Royse C, Williams Z, Tivendale L, Dong N, Judelman S, Leyden J, Yarad E, Doane M, Player C, Scott D, Slater B, Corcoran P, Hu R, Sidiropoulos S, Baulch S, Brewster D, Simpson S, Smith J, Hulley A, Painter T, de Prinse L, Bannon P, Turner L, Beattie L, Eslick A, Cope L, Sanderson B, Baker R, Pesudovs B, Bennetts J, Dimovski D, Duggan N, Ives K, Yap C, Byrne K, Mans G, Termaat J, Young P, Ridgeon E, Reddy S, Hurford S, Mackle D, Baker T, Hunt A, Cruz R, Henderson S, Mehrtens J, Parke R, Gilder E, Cowdrey K, Dalton J, Butler M, Long S, Lammert A, Blakemore A, Walker C, France D, Hutchison R, Xue S, Gu J, Chen X, Fan A, Suraya S, Raja N, Yusnida I, Azura T, Saibon T, Bing M, Hwang N, Tan R, Ang F, Chin T, Mehta C, Jain A, Sharma P, Shah R, Shaikh P, Kanchi M, Sigamani A, Anusha K, Johansson P, Anderson T, Olesen L, Lilleor N, Rasmussen S, Fenger A, Treskatsch S, Mezger V, Falk E, Habicher M, Sander M, Edinger F, Koch C, Boening A, Oswald I, Bulat-Genc S, Seeberger D, Fassl J, Seeberger E, Eberle B, Takala J, Stucki M, Mateo E, Moreno J, Gabaldon T, Cobo I, Pena J, Ferrer C, Carmona P, Lopez Cantero M, Pajares A, Zarragoikoetxea I, Galan J, Urrutia G, Martinez-Zapata M, Rivilla M, Cegarra V, Acosta-Isaac R, Gajate-Martin L, Candela-Toha A, Simopoulos V, Karangelis D, Filipescu D, Paunescu A, Fawzy H, Mawlana W, Preisman S, Raanani E, Kogan D, Matot I, Cattan A, Artsi H, Galhardo C, Olival S, Toledo R, Villar J, Hernandez E, Montes F, Vaquiro E, Garavito C, Abello M, Manrique E, Vasquez S, Aguilar L, Coral M, Rodriguez H, Tellez J, Martinez C, Biccard B, Alphonsus C, Spiess B, Hall R, Kent B, Denault A, Deschamps A, TRICS Investigators, and Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical
Abstract: Background Safely reducing red blood cell transfusions can prevent transfusion-related adverse effects, conserve the blood supply, and reduce health care costs. Both anemia and red blood cell transfusion are independently associated with AKI, but observational data are insufficient to determine whether a restrictive approach to transfusion can be used without increasing AKI risk. Methods In a prespecified kidney substudy of a randomized noninferiority trial, we compared a restrictive threshold for red blood cell transfusion (transfuse if hemoglobin= 0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours of surgery, or >= 50% within 7 days of surgery. Results Patients in the restrictive-threshold group received significantly fewer transfusions than patients in the liberal-threshold group (1.8 versus 2.9 on average, or 38% fewer transfusions in the restricted threshold group compared with the liberal-threshold group; P
Published: 2019

34. Changes in left heart hemodynamics after technically successful in-utero aortic valvuloplasty

Author: TIERNEY, E. S. SELAMET, WALD, R. M., MCELHINNEY, D. B., MARSHALL, A. C., BENSON, C. B., COLAN, S. D., MARCUS, E. N., MARX, G. R., LEVINE, J. C., WILKINS-HAUG, L., LOCK, J. E., and TWORETZKY, W.
Published: 2007

35. Fluid balance and renal outcomes in patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the ICU

Author: Silversides, JA, Kuint, R, Pinto, R, Wald, R, Hladunewich, M, and Adhikari, NK
Published: 2013
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36. Erratum: GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 221101 (2017)]

Author: Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aultoneal, K., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bawaj, M., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Calderón Bustillo, J., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canizares, P., Cannon, K. 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M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, M., Wang, Y. -F., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Weßels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Williams, D., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J., Wong, K. W. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., D. S., Wu, Wu, G., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yu, Yvert, M., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., LVC Collaboration, The, Mejuto-Villa, E., Pierro, V., Pinto, I. M., and Principe, M.
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Physics, Solar mass, Binary black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift
Abstract: Reports and corrects an error in the implementation of the code of the LVC Collaboration as used in gravitational-wave-based estimations of possible deviations from the post-Newtonian (PN) terms expected in general relativity.
Published: 2018

37. Tethys ocean withdrawal and continental peneplanation—An example from the Galilee, northwestern Arabia

Author: Wald, R., primary, Segev, A., additional, Ben-Avraham, Z., additional, and Schattner, U., additional
Published: 2019
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38. The First Law of Black Hole Mechanics

Author: Wald, R. M., primary
Published: 1993
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39. Drug marker absorption in relation to pellet size, gastric motility and viscous meals in humans

Author: Rhie, J. K, Hayashi, Y, Welage, L. S, Frens, J, Wald, R. J, Barnett, J. L, Amidon, G. E, Putcha, L, and Amidon, G. L
Subjects: Life Sciences (General)
Abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate drug marker absorption in relation to the gastric emptying (GE) of 0.7 mm and 3.6 mm enteric coated pellets as a function of viscosity and the underlying gastric motility. METHODS: Twelve subjects were evaluated in a 3-way crossover study. 0.7 mm caffeine and 3.6 mm acetaminophen enteric coated pellets were concurrently administered with a viscous caloric meal at the levels of 4000, 6000 and 8000 cP. Gastric motility was simultaneously measured with antral manometry and compared to time events in the plasma profiles of the drug markers. RESULTS: Caffeine, from the 0.7 mm pellets, was observed significantly earlier in the plasma than acetaminophen, from the 3.6 mm pellets, at all levels of viscosity. Motility related size differentiated GE was consistently observed at all viscosity levels, however, less variability was observed with the 4000 cP meal. Specifically, the onset of absorption from the of 3.6 mm pellets correlated with the onset of Phase II fasted state contractions (r = 0.929, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The timeframe of drug marker absorption and the onset of motility events were not altered within the range of viscosities evaluated. Rather, the differences in drug marker profiles from the non-digestible solids were most likely the result of the interaction between viscosity and motility influencing antral flow dynamics. The administration of the two sizes of pellets and a viscous caloric meal with subsequent monitoring of drug marker profiles is useful as a reference to assess the influence of motility patterns on the absorption profile of orally administered agents.
Published: 1998
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40. Nachweis von Streptococcus agalactiae Sequenztyp 1 in einem österreichischen Milchviehbetrieb - Ein Fallbericht.

Author: WALD, R., LICHTMANNSPERGER, K., URBANTKE, V., HESS, C., SPERGSER, J., and BAUMGARTNER, M.
Published: 2020

41. LEFT VENTRICULAR STRAIN BY CARDIAC MRI IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Author: Gong, I., primary, Al-Amro, B., additional, Prasad, G., additional, Connelly, P., additional, Deva, D., additional, Leong-Poi, H., additional, Nash, M., additional, Yuan, W., additional, Gunaratnam, L., additional, Wald, R., additional, Kim, S., additional, Lok, C., additional, Connelly, K., additional, and Yan, A., additional
Published: 2018
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42. ONTARIO ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM: LESSONS LEARNED

Author: Chan, K., primary, Leong-Poi, H., additional, Sasson, Z., additional, Wald, R., additional, Yared, K., additional, Sloggett, C., additional, Gillespie, R., additional, Lau, F., additional, Kolos, A., additional, Woodward, G., additional, and Anthony, S., additional
Published: 2018
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43. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND ACCREDITATION PROCESS THROUGH A SUCCESSFUL GOVERNMENT-MEDICAL COLLABORATION

Author: Chan, K., primary, Leong-Poi, H., additional, Sasson, Z., additional, Wald, R., additional, Yared, K., additional, Sloggett, C., additional, Londry, C., additional, Gillespie, R., additional, Lau, F., additional, Kolos, A., additional, Bourne, L., additional, Woodward, G., additional, Sarta, N., additional, Swan, J., additional, and Anthony, S., additional
Published: 2018
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44. LEFT VENTRICULAR STRAIN ANALYSIS USING CARDIAC MRI IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING IN-CENTRE NOCTURNAL HEMODIALYSIS

Author: Ong, P., primary, Wald, R., additional, Goldstein, M., additional, Leipsic, J., additional, Kiaii, M., additional, Deva, D., additional, Connelly, K., additional, Kirpalani, A., additional, Jimenez-Juan, L., additional, Bello, O., additional, Azizi, P., additional, and Yan, A., additional
Published: 2017
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45. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION BY CARDIAC MRI AND CARDIAC BIOMARKERS IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE

Author: Ross, B., primary, Wald, R., additional, Goldstein, M.B., additional, Yuen, D.A., additional, Leipsic, J., additional, Kiaii, M., additional, Rathe, A., additional, Deva, D., additional, Kirpalani, A., additional, Bello, O.O., additional, Leong-Poi, H., additional, Connelly, K.A., additional, and Yan, A.T., additional
Published: 2016
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46. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHANGE IN DIFFERENT BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS AND THE CHANGE IN LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS OVER 1 YEAR IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE

Author: Sarak, B., primary, Wald, R., additional, Goldstein, M.B., additional, Yan, R.T., additional, Leipsic, J., additional, Kiaii, M., additional, Deva, D.P., additional, Leung, G., additional, Barfett, J.J., additional, Yuen, D.A., additional, Connelly, K.A., additional, and Yan, A.T., additional
Published: 2016
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47. OP29.07: Non‐invasive in utero measurements of placental oxygen transport using MRI

Author: Saini, B.S., primary, Zhu, M., additional, Portnoy, S., additional, Porayette, P., additional, Lim, J., additional, Duan, A., additional, Sled, J.G., additional, Wald, R., additional, Windrim, R., additional, Macgowan, C., additional, Kingdom, J.C., additional, and Seed, M., additional
Published: 2016
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48. Simple device for the measurement of time intervals

Author: McGillivray, R. V. and Wald, R. W.
Published: 1983
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49. Digital peak detector for intracellular action potentials

Author: McGillivray, R. V. and Wald, R. W.
Published: 1986
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50. In vitro-Empfindlichkeit von mastitisassoziierten katalasenegativen äskulinpositiven Kokken gegenüber veterinärmedizinisch relevanten antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffen in Österreich.

Author: WALD, R., HEDERER, C., STESSL, B., WITTEK, T., and BAUMGARTNER, M.
Published: 2018

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