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1. Raising root zone temperature improves plant productivity and metabolites in hydroponic lettuce production

Author

Sota Hayashi, Christopher P. Levine, Wakabayashi Yu, Mayumi Usui, Atsuyuki Yukawa, Yoshihiro Ohmori, Miyako Kusano, Makoto Kobayashi, Tomoko Nishizawa, Ikusaburo Kurimoto, Saneyuki Kawabata, and Wataru Yamori

Subjects
root zone temperature, metabolome, pigment, ionome, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), plant factory, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

While it is commonly understood that air temperature can greatly affect the process of photosynthesis and the growth of higher plants, the impact of root zone temperature (RZT) on plant growth, metabolism, essential elements, as well as key metabolites like chlorophyll and carotenoids, remains an area that necessitates extensive research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of raising the RZT on the growth, metabolites, elements, and proteins of red leaf lettuce. Lettuce was hydroponically grown in a plant factory with artificial light at four different air temperatures (17, 22, 27, and 30°C) and two treatments with different RZTs. The RZT was raised 3°C above the air temperature in one group, while it was not in the other group. Increasing the RZT 3°C above the air temperature improved plant growth and metabolites, including carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and chlorophyll, in all four air temperature treatments. Moreover, raising the RZT increased Mg, K, Fe, Cu, Se, Rb, amino acids, and total soluble proteins in the leaf tissue at all four air temperatures. These results showed that raising the RZT by 3°C improved plant productivity and the metabolites of the hydroponic lettuce by enhancing nutrient uptake and activating the metabolism in the roots at all four air temperatures. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology. Overall, this research demonstrates that plant growth and metabolites can be improved simultaneously with an increased RZT relative to air temperature. This study serves as a foundation for future research on optimizing RZT in relation to air temperature. Further recommended studies include investigating the differential effects of multiple RZT variations relative to air temperature for increased optimization, examining the effects of RZT during nighttime versus daytime, and exploring the impact of stem heating. This research has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the ongoing growth and progress of the plant factory industry and fundamental advancements in root zone physiology.

Published
2024
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3. Natural genetic variation in dynamic photosynthesis is correlated with stomatal anatomical traits in diverse tomato species across geographical habitats.

Author

Yoshiyama, Yugo, Wakabayashi, Yu, Mercer, Kristin L, Kawabata, Saneyuki, Kobayashi, Takayuki, Tabuchi, Toshihito, and Yamori, Wataru

Subjects
*WATER efficiency, *PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates, *GENETIC variation, *STOMATA, *PHOTOSYNTHESIS, *PLANT-water relationships
Abstract

Plants grown under field conditions experience fluctuating light. Understanding the natural genetic variations for a similarly dynamic photosynthetic response among untapped germplasm resources, as well as the underlying mechanisms, may offer breeding strategies to improve production using molecular approaches. Here, we measured gas exchange under fluctuating light, along with stomatal density and size, in eight wild tomato species and two tomato cultivars. The photosynthetic induction response showed significant diversity, with some wild species having faster induction rates than the two cultivars. Species with faster photosynthetic induction rates had higher daily integrated photosynthesis, but lower average water use efficiency because of high stomatal conductance under natural fluctuating light. The variation in photosynthetic induction was closely associated with the speed of stomatal responses, highlighting its critical role in maximizing photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. Moreover, stomatal size was negatively correlated with stomatal density within a species, and plants with smaller stomata at a higher density had a quicker photosynthetic response than those with larger stomata at lower density. Our findings show that the response of stomatal conductance plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic induction, with smaller stomata at higher density proving advantageous for photosynthesis under fluctuating light in tomato species. The interspecific variation in the rate of stomatal responses could offer an untapped resource for optimizing dynamic photosynthetic responses under field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. C4 monocots and C4 dicots exhibit rapid photosynthetic induction response in contrast to C3 plants.

Author

Tanigawa, Keiichiro, Yuchen, Qu, Katsuhama, Naoya, Sakoda, Kazuma, Wakabayashi, Yu, Tanaka, Yu, Sage, Rowan, Lawson, Tracy, and Yamori, Wataru

Subjects
CARBON 4 photosynthesis, WATER efficiency, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, MONOCOTYLEDONS, CARBON dioxide
Abstract

Considering the prevalence of ever‐changing conditions in the natural world, investigation of photosynthetic responses in C4 plants under fluctuating light is needed. Here, we studied the effect of dynamic illumination on photosynthesis in totally 10 C3, C3–C4 intermediate, C4‐like and C4 dicots and monocots at CO2 concentrations of 400 and 800 μmol mol−1. C4 and C4‐like plants had faster photosynthetic induction and light‐induced stomatal dynamics than C3 plants at 400 μmol mol−1, but not at 800 μmol mol−1 CO2, at which the CO2 supply rarely limits photosynthesis. C4 and C4‐like plants had a higher water use efficiency than C3 plants at both CO2 concentrations. There were positive correlations between photosynthetic induction and light‐induced stomatal response, together with CO2 compensation point, which was a parameter of the CO2‐concentrating mechanism of C4 photosynthesis. These results clearly show that C4 photosynthesis in both monocots and dicots adapts to fluctuating light conditions more efficiently than C3 photosynthesis. The rapid photosynthetic induction response in C4 plants can be attributed to the rapid stomatal dynamics, the CO2‐concentrating mechanism or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Poster

Author

Aleksic, Olivera, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Popovic-Deusic, Smiljka, Pirgic, Biljana, Sojic, Ivana, Correll, Christoph, Parikh, Umesh, Olshanskiy, Vladimir, Chopra, Bhrigu, Kane, John M., Malhotra, Anil K., Sieslack, Sonja, Barth, Gottfried Maria, Klosinski, Gunther, Sadigorsky, Sheila, Kronenberg, Sefi, Frisch, Amos, Williams, Nicola, Tonge, Bruce, King, Neville, Melvin, Glenn, Dudley, Amanda, Gordon, Michael, Klimkeit, Ester, Hatch, Simon, Breddy, John, DeCory, Heleen, Cameron, Sara, Solanto, Mary, Serra-Pinheiro, Maria, Sousa, Isabella, Mattos, Paulo, Gomes, Fernanda, Pastura, Giuseppe, Milinkovic, Desna, Bilke, Oliver, Kühnel, Sibille, Winterfeld, Bernhard, Campo, John, Perel, James, Axelson, David, Bridge, Jeff, Birmaher, Boris, Ryan, Neal, Brent, David, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S., Sanchez, Dorothea Y., Pavuluri, Mani, Henry, David B., Carbray, Julie A., Sampson, Gwendolyn, Naylor, Michael W., Janicak, Philip G., Gebhardt, Stefan, Theisen, Frank, Haberhausen, Michael, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Monika, Wehmeier, Peter, Krieg, Jürgen-Christian, Kühnau, Wolfgang, Schmidtke, Jörg, Remschmidt, Helmut, Hebebrand, Johannes, Clement, Hans-Willi, Fleischhaker, Christian, Hennighausen, Klaus, Schulz, Eberhard, Frank, Reiner, Karamete, Belda, Löndahl, Gunnel, Gustafsson, Peik, Parnegdrd, Anneli, Rigon, Giancarlo, Chiodo, Simona, Mancaruso, Alessandra, Poggioli, Daniele Giovanni, Costa, Stefano, Pires, Pedro, Brito, Isabel, Carvalho, Isabel, Almeida, Sara, Zaragoza, Paula, Shevchenko, Yury, Korneeva, Vasilisa, Stankovic, Miodrag, Lakic, Aneta, Milovanovic, Vesna, Stankovic, Sandra, Hobrücker, Bernard, Caby, Filip, Chambry, Jean, Laudrin, Stéphane, Graindorge, Catherine, Oiji, Arata, Morioka, Yukiko, Murata, Ami, Sato, Madoka, Hashizume, Yume, Müller, Katarina, Werner, Willigis, Martin, Matthias, Mattejat, Eva, Olivieri, Myriam, Simoncini, Annalisa, Marchegiani, Sonia, Muratori, Marco Lazzorotto, Borsetti, Gabriele, Farrag, Shewikar, Coltrinari, Riccardo, Habib, Doa, Fung, Daniel, Lee, Nelson, Ohmann, Susanne, Popow, C., Lanzenberger, M., Herzog, H., Schuch, S., Miksch, S., Abdollahy, Fatemeh, Khani, S., Shabankhani, B., Guerra, Joao, Fontes, Claudia, Martins, Vania, Teles, Ana, Rodrigues, Corina, Correia, Zulmira, Becht-Jördens, Gereon, McElearney, Catherine, Marsh, Michael Fitzgerald Henry, Naumann, Alexander, Holst, Dirk, Engbarth, Annette, Mircea, Tiberiu, Nehra, Ashima, Malhotra, Savita, Chakrabarti, Subho, Kiran, Shashi, Shoba, Srinath, Hvolby, Allan, Jorgensen, Jan Ib, Medeiros, Marco, Correia, Ariete, Gabilondo, Maria, da Silva, Pedro Caldeira, Carreira, Augusto, Yang, Jae-Won, Kim, Yeoung-Rang, Hong, Sung-Do David, Lee, Sang-Sin, Lim, Seong-Hu, Park, Jeoung-Hwan, Trbic, Vera, Boskovic, Danica, Pauschardt, Jan, Mattejat, Fritz, Quaschner, Kurt, Lischka, Erika, Bauer, Mechthild, Petzke, Franka, Wehrmann, Britta, Lesinskiene, Sigita, Paskauskaite, Laura, Bueno, Luisa Garcia-Giralda, Gonzales, Juana Montiel, Cumbres, Javier Gallego, Asensio, Francisco Gutierrez, Denoix, Susanne, Kimmig, Franz, Weinhardt, Marc, Greven, Peter, Buchmann, Stefan, Atas, Nurgül, Jonkanski, Ute, Pisarsky, Bodo, Treuter, Silvia, Cornellà, Josep, Llusent, Alex, Condesso, Lara, Trigueiros, António, Schütz, Klaus, Tarren-Sweeney, Michael, Hazell, Philip, Mazzone, Luigi, Mugno, Diego, Ruta, Liliana, D’Arrigo, Valentina Genitori, Simona, Perrotta Concetta, Mattina, Teresa, Mazzone, Domenico, Nordbeck, Ralf, Gierow, Wolfgang, Haessler, Frank, Buchmann, Johannes, Bliznakova, Lucia, Grimmer, Yvonne, Roth, H. J., Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine, Schmidt, Martin H., Becker, Katja, Ludolph, Andrea G., Storch, Alexander, Boeckers, Tobias, Kirsch, Joachim, Fegert, Jörg M., Drevitska, Oksana, Cianchetti, Carlo, Corona, Simona, Foscoliano, Maria, Contu, Daniela, Fancello, Giuseppina Sannio, Costa, Anna, Roello, Mara, Romano, Angela, Fabrizi, Anna, Pelliccia, Andrea, Matricardi, Maria, Matthias, Nickola, Lesnick, Timo, Gass, Matthias, Su, Linyan, Zhang, Jishui, Wu, Dazing, Luo, Xuerong, Ardizzone, Ignazio, D’Oto, Paola, Priskich, Francesca, Rigillo, Elvira, Tomassetti, Nadia, Vagnoni, Francesca, Sabisch, Beate, Hahne, Anja, Glass, Lisa, Friederici, Angela D., von Suchodoletz, Waldemar, Di Brina, Carlo, Pagnacco, Andrea, Capozzi, Flavia, Penge, Roberta, Bocci, Fabio, Cantonetti, Laura, De Carlo, Alessandra, Scanferla, Barbara, Sebastiani, Teresa, Vagnoni, Cristina, Gao, Xueping, Du, Yasong, Lorenzetti, Fabio, von Aster, Michael, Schweiter, Martin, Kucian, Karin, Loenneker, Thomas, Dietrich, Thomas, Martin-Fiori, Ernst, Abuhegaz, Hesham, Bahary, Hashem, Lee, Dae-Hwan, Kim, Bong-Seog, Jeon, Seong-Ill, Chung, Sun-Lu, da Simoes, Maria Conceicao Taborda, da Dias, Maria Luz Vale, Engqvist, Ulf, Rydelius, Per-Anders, das Formosinho, Maria Dores, Pinto, Ana Monica, Lima, Luiza Nobre, Edbom, Tobias, Larsson, Jan-Olov, Lichtenstein, Paul, Perez, Bernardo, Marin, Macarena, Yang, Su-Jin, Lee, Helen, Noh, Kyung-Sun, Keller, Ferdinand, Goldbeck, Lutz, Benjelloun, Ghizlane, Dhossche, Dirk, Stanfill, Sara, Takahara, Akiko, Kusu, Minemitsu, Watanabe, Sumiko, Matsui, Tatsuya, Ikeda, Kengo, Matsuda, Hiroe, Allik, Hiie, Smedje, Hans, Shirataki, Sadaaki, Murakami, Bonko, Mohamed, Rawheya Ahmad, Dunbar, Fiona, Shea, Sarah, Atsumi, Mariko, Matsumoto, Hideo, Ooya, Akitoshi, Koishi, Seiji, Aoki, Yutaka, Enseki, Youichi, Nakamura, Yuri, Francis, Kostas, Kazaridis, Vassilis, Kirillidou, Panagiota, Koukouvinou, Sofia, Paliwal, Sobharani, Clinic, Parkview, Whitehouse, William, Edwards, Margo, Edwards, Ayliffe, Pandit, Sunita, Powell, Judith, Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi, Sepasi, Mitra, Alaghband-Rad, Javad, Goodarzi, Reza Rad, Kodaira, Masaki, Viertler, Andrea, Elpel, Katja, Reis, Olaf, Akçakn, Melda Ayse, Erden, Gulsen, Kerimoglu, Efser, Lemonnier, Eric, Munesue, Toshio, Mutoh, Kouhei, Shimoda, Kazunori, Nakatani, Hideo, Koshino, Yoshifumi, Germerott, Isabell, Sadek, Eman Galal, Litvinov, A. G., Calderón-Castaneda, Froylan, Nuno-Licona, Alberto Enrique, Alatorre-Miguel, Efren, Goth, Kirstin, Schmeck, Klaus, Winter, Sibylle, Wiegard, Anja, Hinrichs, Günter, Köhler, Denis, Kammerer, Martin, Adams, Diana, von Castelberg, Brida, Taylor, Alyx, Posserud, Maj-Britt, Stormark, Kjell Morten, Lundervold, Astri J., Gillberg, Christopher, Steijnen, Maaike, Verhoeven, Sophie, Francula, Ivana, Prpic, Igor, Volga, Rena, Di Biasi, Stefania, Piperno, Francesca, Puleo, Filomena, Cerracchio, Sara, Giacchè, Roberta, Rein, Zoé, Godart, Nathalie, Perdereau, Fabienne, Curt, Florence, Jeammet, Philippe, Fermanian, Jacques, Bayman, Emine Ozgur, Taneli, Yesim, Guvendeger, Neslim, Ediz, Bulent, Taneli, Suna, Kan, Ismet, Plaß, Angela, Barkmann, Claus, Mack, B., Mittenzwei, K., Riedesser, Peter, Schulte-Markwort, Michael, Roessner, Veit, Becker, Andreas, Hagenberg, Nicola, Berking, Matthias, Banaschewski, Tobias, Rothenberger, Aribert, Coulon, Nathalie, Tardiola, Daniela, Balsamo, Stefano, Capriotti, Nadia, Sandhu, Tanveer, Tamminen, Tuula, Iovchuk, Nina, Milacic, Ivona, Vidojevic, Oliver, Kilincaslan, Ayse, Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli, Sozen, Gokce, Umut, Ayla, Yamamoto, Kenji, Koishi, Shinko, Natsume, Noriko, Yamazaki, Kosuke, Nanba, Eiji, Naber, Fabienne, van Daalen, Emma, Buitelaar, Jan, van IJzendoorn, Marinus, Willemsen-Swinkels, Sophie, BakermansKranenburg, Marian J., van Engeland, Herman, de Jonge, Maretha, Kemner, Chantal, Caby, Andrea, Bendt, Stefan, Bashina, Vera, Krasnoperova, Maria, Croonenberghs, Jan, Sliwinski, Sonja, Christophe, Armand, Deboutte, Dirk, Maes, Michael, Tosco, Alessia, Giorgi, Emanuela, Lazzarini, Monica, Iorio, M. Liliana, Becciu, Mercedes, Kim, Bung-Nyun, In-Hyoung, Jeong, Ahn, Dong-Hyun, Kim, Boong-Nyun, Shin, Yun-O, Hong, Kang-E, Hrdlicka, Michal, Neuwirth, Jiri, Komarek, Vladimir, Havlovicova, Marketa, Sedlacek, Zdenek, Blatny, Marek, Urbanek, Tomas, Ohta, Masataka, Kano, Yukiko, Nagai, Yoko, Wintgens, Anne, Hayez, Jean-Yves, Lim, Seoung-Hu, Ha, Ji-Hye, Byun, Hee-Jung, Kim, Ji-Hae, Lee, Rebecca, Fombonne, Eric, Taylor, Eric, Çetin, Füsun Çuhadaroôlu, James, Deborah, Lawlor, Maria, Sofroniou, Nick, Kamibeppu, Kiyoko, Sato, Lori, Hoshi, Yasutaka, Zdravkovic, Jezdimir, Kostic, Petar, Murafi, Khalid, Ries, Michael, Siefen, Rainer Georg, Jelinek, Martin, Klimusova, Helena, Blizkovska, Jaroslava, Burke, C., Doody, B., Nix, Carole Müller, Nicole, Ayala, Wilken, Markus, Dunitz-Scheer, Marguerite, Krasnovsky, Alexandra, Dressler, Anastasia, Perelli, Valentina, Tinelli, Francesca, Rafanelli, Valentina, Bargagna, Stefania, Libal, Gerhard, Plener, Paul, Fegert, Jórg M., Enokido, Fumiko, Higuchi, Masako, Jibiki, Istuki, Tomori, Martina, Yoo, Hee-Jeong, Kim, Su-Yeon, Cho, In-Hee, Yune, Sook-Kyeong, Lyoo, In-Kyoon, Ha, Ji-Hyun, Haas, Barbara, Danilova, Lyudmila, Dervic, Kanita, Csorba, Janos, Rozsa, Sandor, Kleinman, Marjorie, Tringer, Laszlo, Friedrich, Max, Gould, Madelyn, Akkaya-Kalayci, Tuerkan, Lenz, Gerhard, Lapponi, Elisa, Filipponi, Maria Carla, Lauria, Felicia, Sogos, Carla, Kitamura, Akihide, Albrecht, Bjoern, Zhang, Xianghui, Li, Xuerong, Hercigonja-Novkovim, Vesna, Kocijan-Hercigonja, Dubravka, Ralston, Stephen, Lorenzo, Maria, Aziz, Asmaa Amin Abdel, Biederman, Joseph, Spencer, Thomas, Moore, Rodney, Gao, Haitao, Cornelld, Josep, Dajcman, Natasa Potocnik, Holnthaner, Rok, Xie, Guangrong, Sühlfleisch-Thurau, Ulrike, Häßler, Frank, Tiffin-Richards, Margaret, Richards, Michael, Hasselhorn, Marcus, Bayrak, Alper, Pereira, R. Rodrigues, Brussel, W., Vlasveld, L., Tuynman-Qua, H. G., Lorenzo, M. J., Song, Dong-Ho, Ha, Eun-Hye, Lee, Eun-Sik, Yu, Young-Min, Weiler, Hans-Theo, Hellrung, Heike, Grünling, Caro, Overmeyer, Stephan, Ligges, Markus, Blanz, Bernhard, Claus, Armin, Walitza, Susanne, Scheuerpflug, Peter, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, Manfred, Warnke, Andreas, Aoki, Mieko, Aoki, Shozo, Takii, Masato, Uchigata, Yasuko, Nozaki, Takehiro, Kawai, Keisuke, Takakura, Shu, Koreeda, Chikako, Kubo, Chiharu, Saino, Hitoshi, Denda, Kenzo, Ito, Kouichi, Asakura, Satoshi, Sasaki, Yukiya, Sasaki, Fumi, Inoue, Seishiro, Werneck-Rohrer, Sonja, Eveline, Ernst, Eichberger, Heidrun, Prause, Carolin, Schuch, Bibiana, Lamerz, Andreas, Kuepper-Nybelen, Jutta, Wehle, Christine, Trost-Brinkhues, Gabriele, Brenner, Hermann, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Pawlowska, Beata, Chuchra, Maria, Kaczynska-Haladyj, Marta, Schulze, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth, Schuler, Simone, Schlamp, Dieter, Schneider, Peter, Reiners, Christian, Morita, Chihiro, Severny, Anatoly, Brutman, Victor, Kireeva, Irina, Schmid, Marc, Zander, Antje, Kaczynska-Haladyi, Marta, Bruning, Nicole, TrostBrinkhues, Gabriele, Popow, Christian, Karwautz, Andreas, Eimecke, Sylvia, Holtkamp, Kristian, Capasso, Anna, Seki, Masaki, Wakabayashi, Yu, Takaoka, Ken, Schmid, Marc G., Zerahn-Hartung, Claudia, Morioka, Kayo, Nedoschill, Jan, Leiberich, Peter, Loew, Thomas, Jung, Jae-Suk, Lee, Young-Sik, Chung, Sun-Ju, Park, Tae-Won, Bettoschi, Alba Sunshine, Carboni, Pasquale, Cho, Soo-Churl, Ahn, Jeong-Mee, Hong, Kang-E., Kassubek, Jan Elena, Quiner, Sylvia, Seyering, Michaela, Friedrich, Max H., Radojkovic, Ana, Velimirovic, Ana, Ali, Sherese, Parker, Kevin, Martinovic, Zarko, Krstic, Nadezda, Buder, Nevenka, Ispanovic, Veronika, Mojs, Ewa, Glowacka, Maria Danuta, Hayashi, Junko, Funakosi, Syunichi, Kamiyama, Takamichi, Ueno, Takashi, Ishii, Tomohiro, Hayashi, Yutaka, Matsuoka, Hiroo, Gardner, William, Lucas, Amanda, Kolko, David, Kelleher, Kelly, Ballabriga, Maria Claustre Jané, Sola, Sergi Ballespi, Dorado, Montse, Reganon, Natalia Diaz, Alonso, Maite Gonzalez, Riba, Maria Dolores, Llaberia, Edelmira Domenech, Ishii, Kayano, Inoko, Kayo, Nishizono-Maher, Aya, Osawa, Makiko, Kasahara, Mari, Saitou, Kazuhiko, Murase, Satomi, Oga, Risa, Murakami, Takashi, Honjo, Shuji, Kaneko, Hitoshi, Arai, Shiori, Völkl-Kernstock, Sabine, Bauch-Prater, Sonja, Feucht, Martha, Vilariça, Paula, Pereira, Isadora, Pastor, Olivia, Farinha, Susana, Caldeira, Pedro, Silva, Maria Antónia, Gawrilow, Caterina, Gollwitzer, Peter M., Cheon, Keun-Ah, Ryu, Young-Hoon, Kim, Jae-won, Filho, Alceu Gomes Correia, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Silva, Tatiana, Bodanese, Rafael, Aman, Michael, Gunning, W. Boudewijn, Laucht, Manfred, El-Faddagh, Mahha, Schmidt, Martin, Nützel, Jakob, Ball, Juliane, Elben, Cornelia, Kadziela-Olech, Halina, Park, Taewon, Im, Myung Ho, Kang, Daehee, Yoo, Hee Jeong, Michelson, David, Zhang, Shuyu, Ruff, Dustin, Feldman, Peter, Bilenberg, Niels, Jensen, Jurgen, Moradi, Azar, Alaey, Vahed, Kratochvil, Christopher, Wilens, Timothy, Greenhill, Laurence, Gelowitz, Douglas, Celestin, Leon Patrice, Celestin-Westreich, Smadar, Banerjee, Somnath, Chandola, M., Venables, S., Negoro, Hideki, Lida, Junzo, Iwasaka, Hidemi, Kyo, Masanori, Nagano, Tatsushi, Kishino, Kanae, Kishimoto, Toshihumi, Kim, Bong-Suk, Hwang, Jun-Won, Kyoh, Masanori, Junzo, Lida, Hideki, Negoro, Tatsushi, Nagano, Kanae, Kishino, Hidemi, Iwasaka, Toshifumi, Kishimoto, Strous, Rael, Kertzman, Simion, Nachum, Z. Ben, Kotler, Moshe, Hegesh, Roni, Coghill, David, Spender, Quentin, Barton, Joanne, Hollis, Chris, Yuen, Cammy, Cleemput, Irina, Annemens, Lieven, Eschmann, Susanne, Käppler, Karl Christoph, Teodoro, Maycoln M. L., Stieger, Eva, Mugier, Anouk, Stüttler, Stephanie, Heise, Cord Alexander, Uebel, Henrik, Hanisch, Charlotte, Konrad, Kerstin, Radach, Ralph, Horn, Dagmar, Tsujii, Noa, Okada, Akira, Kuriki, Noriko, Matsuo, Junko, Hanada, Kazushi, Kusube, Takeshi, Hitomi, Kazuhiko, Schmitz, Marcelo, Denardin, Daniel, da Silva, Tatiana, Pianca, Thiago, Roman, Tatiana, Hutz, Mara, Bouden, Asma, Dengezli, Ines, Halayem, Mohamed, Herreros, Oscar, Sanchez, Francisco, Rubio, Belen, Gracia, Ramon, Weber, Simone Henrike, Wolters, Alex, Allen, Albert J., Kurlan, Roger, Gilbert, Donald, Dunn, David, Sallee, F. Randy, Thomason, Christine, Sutton, Virginia, Milton, Denai, Petersen, Dorthe, Kristensen, Solvejg, Kinkelbur, Jörg, Hellwig, Juliane, Hellwig, Martin, Rüther, Eckert, Omigbodun, Olayinka, Esan, O., Bakare, K., Yusufi, B. O., Nuhu, F., Adesokan, A., Kopecky-Wenzel, Marie, Steenhuis, Mark-Peter, Minderaa, Ruud, Körlof, Marie-Louise, Wängby, Margit, Bergman, Lars R., Yu, Suwei, Multimäki, Petteri, Parkkola, Kai, Sourander, Andre, Nikolakaros, Georgios, Helenius, Hans, Freitas, Carina, Rocha, Assunçâo, Pocinho, Lídia, Arai, Shinichi, Ichikawa, Hironobu, Hirosawa, Ikuko, Mdrquez-Caraveo, Maria Elena, Pérez-Barrón, Verónica, Sorensen, Merete Juul, Mors, Ole, Thomsen, Per Hove, von Klitzing, Kai, Perren, Sonja, von Wyl, Agnes, Burgin, Dieter, Yoo, Han-Ik, Shin, Min-Sup, Hong, Kang E., Syed, Ehsan, Haqqi, Sobia, Semago, Michail, Girdzijauskiene, Sigita, Puras, Dainius, Gintiliene, Grazina, Cerniauskaite, Dovile, Bormann-Kischkel, Christiane, Schmoetzer, Rosemarie, Frischholz, Diana, Linder, Martin, Ganseforth, Catharina, Rödder, Daniela, Kribs, Angela, Pillekamp, Frank, von Gontard, Alexander, Roth, Bernhard, Wiguna, Tjhin, Marques, Cristina Maria Ribeiro, Goldschmidt, Teresa, Cepeda, Teresa, Arman, Ayse, Ersu, Refika, Save, Dilsad, Karaman, Goksin, Karabekiroglu, Koray, Karadag, Bulent, Berkem, Meral, Moller, Lene Ruge, Biswas, Parathasarathy, Malhotra, Anil, Gupta, Nitin, Ivarsson, Tord, Litlere, Oeystein, Svalander, Per, Yelikova, Yelena, Nastasic, Petar, Filipovic, Snezana, Panoski, Roza, Lazetic, Goran, Zvereva, Nataliya, Strauss, Monika, Graf, A., Zollinger, R., Brückl, Tanja, Höfler, Michael, Schwenden, Lena, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lieb, Roselind, Schweitzer, Angelika, Edwards, Jane, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Amminger, Paul G., Ledda, Maria Giuseppina, Zuddas, A., Piroddi, T., Abis, M., Mereu, A., Härtling, Fabian, Tepest, Ralf, Goncharova, Tanja, Linden, David E. D., Falkei, Peter, Vogeley, Kai, Poustka, Fritz, Spinner, Miriam, Dobranowski, Julian, MacCrimmon, Duncan, Gibson, Jim, Fawcett, Susan, Criollo, Margarita, Ramsauer, Brigitte, Janke, Nina, Djukic, Danica Boskovic, Napoli, Fabiola, Valente, Raffaella, Neri, Valeria, Ferrara, Mauro, Costa, Carla D’Agostini, Veronesi, Christian, Melogno, Sergio, Gigliotti, Achille, Mazzoncini, Bruna, Fonseca, Antonio, Maid, Eva, Hohm, Erika, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Duvigneau, J. Catharina, Hartl, Romana T., Ben-Shachar, Dorit, Kranzier, Harvey, Kumra, Sanjiv, Gerbino-Rosen, Ginny, Roofeh, David, De Thomas, Courtney, Dombrowski, Carolyn, McMeniman, Marjorie, Chang, Hsueh-Ling, Chen, Sue-Huei, Yu, Keh-Chiang, Kölch, Michael, Bücheler, Reinhild, Gleiter, Christoph H., Bohne, Stephanie P., Häßler, Frank M., Gierow, Bärbel, Carbray, Julie, Gwen, Sampson, Naylor, Michael, Taanila, Anja, Hautala, Katri, Kemppainen, Päivi, Kotimaa, Arto, Ebeling, Hanna, Moilanen, Irma, Biscaldi, Monica, Wagner, Bettina, Dürrwächter, Ute, Trauzettel-Klosinski, Susanne, Reinhard, Jens, Plume, Ellen, Schulte-Körne, Gerd, Aleksic, Branko, Blaser, Regula, Preuss, Ulrich, Meusel, Claudia, Macharey, Georg, Strehlow, Ulrich, Haffner, Johann, Bischof, Jürgen, Gratzka, Volker, Parzer, Peter, Resch, Franz, Sachse, Steffi, Anke, Beatrice, Adamski, Monika, Pecha, Angelika, Macesic-Petrovic, Dragana, Slavnic, Svetlana, Hatagaki, Chie, Swaab, Hanna, Cohen-Kettenis, P., Di Scipio, Roberta, Patruno, Ester, Reinelt-Straka, Sylvia, Hoffmann, Liselotte, Dragana, Max H. Friedrich, Petrovic, Macesic, Nesa, Monique, Hay, David, Roberts, Clare, McCoy, Mairead, Salbach, Harriet, Klopfer, Uta, Hagen, Swantje, Arne, Bürger, Lehmkuhl, Ulrike, Smith, Bradley, Sinzig, Judith, Hohmann, Martin, Mukai, Takayo, Enebrink, Pia, Ldngström, Niklas, Andershed, Henrik, Richer, Louis, Lachance, Lise, Dubé, Claude, Saintonge, Serge, Virkkunen, Matti, Liesivuori, Jyrki, Bloigu, Risto, Tiihonen, Jari, Vance, Alasdair, Prakash, Chidambaram, Reyes-Harde, Magali, Csaba, Krisztina, Eerdekens, Marielle, Olah, Roza, Augustyns, Ilse, Hellmann, Ulrike, Matei, Astrid, Ha, Ji Hyun, Cho, In Hee, Kim, Mee Gyeong, Yune, Sook Kyeong, Lyoo, In Kyoon, Barbro, Bruce, Polanczyk, Guilherme, Iraqi, Zineb, Kadri, Nadia, Moussaoui, Driss, Raddaoui, Kamal, Titze, Karl, Wollenweber, Susanne, Nell, Verena, Wiefel, Andreas, Guex, Margarita Forcada, Sezer, Basaran, Shamsaei, Farshid, Cheraghi, Fatemeh, Hasturk, Oytun, Okan, Mehmet, Sato, Naoko, Sato, Aya, Camillo, Eleonora, Porcari, Viviana, Salatiello, Maria Patrizia, Chifari, Sabrina, Dell’Oglio, Valentina, Rosanna, Militello, Scrò, Carmela, Hart-Kerkhoffs, Lisette, Ph. van Wijk, A., Jansen, L. M. C., Vermeiren, Robert, Doreleijers, Theodore, Zhang, Shi Ji, Latva, Reija, Lehtonen, Liisa, Salmelin, Raili, Tsalamanios, Emmanouel, Kolaitis, Gerasimos, Paliokosta, Elena, Diareine, Stauroula, Anasontzi, Sofia, Tsiantis, Alkis, Limbinaki, Irini, Tsiantis, John, Dreana-Ianciu, Leontina, Vrajitoriu, Miriana, Lebedeva, Laura, Taner, Yasemen, Bakkaloglu, Betul, Çetin, Füsun Çuhadaroâlu, Ozbesler, Cengiz, Erturk, Mihriban, Sebre, Sandra, Keller, Audrey, Borghini, Ayala, Pierrehumbert, Blaise, Ansermet, François, Furnham, Adrian, Noack, Peter, Kirkcaldy, Bruce, Felber, Michaela, Puig, Stefan, Swain, James, Leckman, James, Mayes, Linda, Feldman, Ruth, Constable, Robert, Schultz, Robert, Koren, Evgeny, Trangkasombat, Umaporn, Karle, Michael, Belianchikova, Marina, Scoblo, Galina, Fadeev, Valentin, Jaunin, Lyne, Ansermet, Francois, Ujiie, Tatsuo, Nomura, Kenji, Sasaki, Yasuko, Stancheva-Popkostadinova, Vaska, Achkova, Meglena, Kilic, Emine, Erdogan, Gönül, Gaber, Rami, Qasqas, Areej, Aßhauer, Martin, Adam, Hubertus, Jones, Lynne, Rachidi, Linda, Halty, Kawtar, Battas, Omar, Leor, Agnes, Tyano, Shmuel, Shreiber, Schaul, Hosogane, Nan, Watanabe, Kyoto, Okuyama, Makiko, Kim, Young-Shin, Leventhal, Bennett, Koh, Yun-Joo, Boyce, W. Thomas, Liptai, Sonja, Clauß, Marianne, Heuer, Petra, Kaadan, Abdul Nasser, Menahem, Samuel, Salo-Thompson, Frances, Shabankhani, Bizhan, Hoeger, Christoph, Jeong, Seong-Shim, Park, Jeong-Hwan, Szaniecki, Eduardo, Roll-Pettersson, Lise, Ehnis, Patrick, Trosse, Maria, Van Rebelo, Piedade, Mattson, Eva Heimdahl, Cucchiaro, Giulietta, Cocuzza, Mariadonatella, Morales, Giada, Bobrova, Nataliya, Asbahr, Fernando, Ramos, Renato, Costa, André, Sassi, Roberto, Nauta, Maaike, Tomori, Sonila, Alikaj, Valbona, Como, A., Snider, Lisa, Garvey, Marjorie, Zanetta, Dirce, Elkis, Helio, Swedo, Susan, Vural, Pinar, Wang, Kai, Zhu, Yan, Sabuncuoglu, Osman, Krasavina, Viktoryia, Pykhtareva, Nina, Venuti, Bianca, Tachi, Naohiko, Kodoi, Naomi, Sakamoto, Naoko, Watanabe, Michiko, Goto, Motiko, Geller, Frank, Reinlein, J., Barth, Nikolaus, Hahn, F., Hinney, Anke, Robatzek, Monika, Calvo, Rosa, Luisa, Lazaro, Cirigliano, Lucrezia, Lucarelli, Loredana, Ratz, Uwe, Stegemann, Thomas, Breuer, Ulla, von Widdern, Susanne, Fricke, Leonie, Mitschke, Alexander, Wiater, Alfred, Lehmkuhl, Gerd, Honda, Kyoichi, Lafta, Muhmmad, Kurultak, Secil Oktem, Tomori, S., Petrela, E., Remschmidt, Helmut, editor, and Belfer, Myron L., editor

Published
2004
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11. Prognostic Significance of EGFR Gene Mutation in Patients With EGFR Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Best Supportive Care Alone

Author

MASUDA, TAKESHI, primary, WAKABAYASHI, YU, additional, NAKASHIMA, TAKU, additional, NISHIMURA, YOSHIFUMI, additional, SHIMOJI, KIYOFUMI, additional, YAMAGUCHI, KAKUHIRO, additional, SAKAMOTO, SHINJIRO, additional, HORIMASU, YASUSHI, additional, MIYAMOTO, SHINTARO, additional, SENOO, TADASHI, additional, IWAMOTO, HIROSHI, additional, OHSHIMO, SHINICHIRO, additional, FUJITAKA, KAZUNORI, additional, HAMADA, HIRONOBU, additional, and HATTORI, NOBORU, additional

Published
2021
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16. Clinical significance of BIM deletion polymorphism in chemoradiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer

Author

Wakabayashi, Yu, primary, Masuda, Takeshi, additional, Fujitaka, Kazunori, additional, Nakashima, Taku, additional, Okumoto, Joe, additional, Shimoji, Kiyofumi, additional, Nishimura, Yoshifumi, additional, Yamaguchi, Kakuhiro, additional, Sakamoto, Shinjiro, additional, Horimasu, Yasushi, additional, Miyamoto, Shintaro, additional, Iwamoto, Hiroshi, additional, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, additional, Hamada, Hironobu, additional, and Hattori, Noboru, additional

Published
2020
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17. EGFR gene mutation is not a significant prognostic factor in patients with EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer who receive best supportive care alone.

Author

Masuda, Takeshi, primary, Wakabayashi, Yu, additional, Shimoji, Kiyofumi, additional, Yamaguchi, Kakuhiro, additional, Sakamoto, Shinjiro, additional, Nishimura, Yoshihumi, additional, Horimasu, Yasushi, additional, Nakashima, Taku, additional, Miyamoto, Shintaro, additional, Senoo, Tadashi, additional, Iwamoto, Hiroshi, additional, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, additional, Fujitaka, Kazunori, additional, Hamada, Hironobu, additional, and Hattori, Noboru, additional

Published
2020
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18. Clinical significance of BIM-deletion polymorphism on chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Author

Wakabayashi, Yu, primary, Masuda, Takeshi, additional, Nakashima, Taku, additional, Fujitaka, Kazunori, additional, Yamaguchi, Kakuhiro, additional, Sakamoto, Shinjiro, additional, Nishimura, Yoshihumi, additional, Horimasu, Yasushi, additional, Miyamoto, Shintaro, additional, Senoo, Tadashi, additional, Iwamoto, Hiroshi, additional, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, additional, Hamada, Hironobu, additional, and Hattori, Noboru, additional

Published
2020
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22. Varietal difference in dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in nodal segments of stem in two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at pre- and post-heading stages.

Author

Wakabayashi, Yu, Morita, Ryutaro, Yamagishi, Junko, and Aoki, Naohiro

Subjects
RICE, CARBOHYDRATES, BIOMASS
Abstract

The non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) stored in rice stems (culm plus leaf sheaths) at pre-heading stage is one of the major carbon sources for grain filling. In this study, we conducted field experiments in 2018 and 2019 using two varieties, Momiroman (japonica-dominant) and Teqing (indica), which have different accumulation and remobilization patterns of NSC in the stems. We analyzed NSC dynamics of each of the five nodal segments of internodes and leaf sheaths at pre- and post-heading stages. The dynamics of NSC at pre- and post-heading stages differed among segments. The lower segments of internodes and leaf sheaths accumulated more NSC at pre-heading stage compared to the upper segments in both varieties. The lower internodes in Teqing were morphologically larger than in Momiroman and would be able to store more NSC. However, the upper parts of the stems required biomass for development and formation at the stage of NSC accumulation in stems. Momiroman had longer upper internodes and leaf sheaths and required more biomass than Teqing. The NSC remobilization was later in the upper than the lower internodes for both varieties, which led to the delay of NSC remobilization in the entire culm after heading. These results indicated that ideal morphology of stems, to maximize the potential contribution of stem NSC as the carbon source for grain filling, is large lower internodes and short upper internodes and leaf sheaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. Varietal difference in dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in nodal segments of stem in two varieties of rice (Oryza sativaL.) at pre- and post-heading stages

Author

Wakabayashi, Yu, Morita, Ryutaro, Yamagishi, Junko, and Aoki, Naohiro

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) stored in rice stems (culm plus leaf sheaths) at pre-heading stage is one of the major carbon sources for grain filling. In this study, we conducted field experiments in 2018 and 2019 using two varieties, Momiroman (japonica-dominant) and Teqing (indica), which have different accumulation and remobilization patterns of NSC in the stems. We analyzed NSC dynamics of each of the five nodal segments of internodes and leaf sheaths at pre- and post-heading stages. The dynamics of NSC at pre- and post-heading stages differed among segments. The lower segments of internodes and leaf sheaths accumulated more NSC at pre-heading stage compared to the upper segments in both varieties. The lower internodes in Teqing were morphologically larger than in Momiroman and would be able to store more NSC. However, the upper parts of the stems required biomass for development and formation at the stage of NSC accumulation in stems. Momiroman had longer upper internodes and leaf sheaths and required more biomass than Teqing. The NSC remobilization was later in the upper than the lower internodes for both varieties, which led to the delay of NSC remobilization in the entire culm after heading. These results indicated that ideal morphology of stems, to maximize the potential contribution of stem NSC as the carbon source for grain filling, is large lower internodes and short upper internodes and leaf sheaths.

Published
2022
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25. Clinical significance of BIM deletion polymorphism in chemoradiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer.

Author

Wakabayashi, Yu, Masuda, Takeshi, Fujitaka, Kazunori, Nakashima, Taku, Okumoto, Joe, Shimoji, Kiyofumi, Nishimura, Yoshifumi, Yamaguchi, Kakuhiro, Sakamoto, Shinjiro, Horimasu, Yasushi, Miyamoto, Shintaro, Iwamoto, Hiroshi, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Hamada, Hironobu, and Hattori, Noboru

Abstract

The standard treatment for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by anti‐programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1) treatment. BIM deletion polymorphism induces the suppression of apoptosis resulting from epidermal growth factor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients. We aimed to examine the effects of BIM polymorphism on CRT and anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 treatment in NSCLC patients. In this retrospective study of 1312 patients with unresectable NSCLC treated at Higashi‐Hiroshima Medical Center and Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1994 and October 2019, we enrolled those who underwent CRT or chemotherapy using carboplatin + paclitaxel or cisplatin + vinorelbine, or anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 treatment. Of 1312 patients, 88, 80, and 74 underwent CRT, chemotherapy, and anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 treatment, respectively, and 17.0%, 15.2% and 17.6% of these patients showed BIM polymorphism. Among patients receiving CRT, the progression‐free survival was significantly shorter in those with BIM deletion than in those without. In the multivariate analyses, BIM polymorphism was an independent factor of poor anti‐tumor effects. These results were not observed in the chemotherapy and anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 treatment groups. In in vitro experiments, BIM expression suppression using small interfering RNA in NSCLC cell lines showed a significantly suppressed anti‐tumor effect and apoptosis after irradiation but not chemotherapy. In conclusion, we showed that BIM polymorphism was a poor‐predictive factor for anti‐tumor effects in NSCLC patients who underwent CRT, specifically radiotherapy. In the implementation of CRT in patients with BIM polymorphism, we should consider subsequent treatment, keeping in mind that CRT may be insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Evaluation of alleles at OsAGPS2, OsAGPL2, and OsSUT1related to grain filling in rice in a common genetic background

Author

Kato, Tsuneo, Morita, Ryutaro, Ootsuka, Shinjiro, Wakabayashi, Yu, Aoki, Naohiro, and Horibata, Akira

Abstract

Poor grain filling, characterized by incidence of partially filled grain, is one of the major problems to be improved for maximizing the yield potential in rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivars with numerous spikelets in a panicle (extra‐heavy panicle type [EHPT]). This study evaluated the grain‐filling‐related alleles at APS2and APL2, the loci for the small and large subunits of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), respectively, and at SUT1, sucrose transporter, for their effects and interactions on grain filling and associated traits of EHPT cultivars. Two sets of derived lines were developed. Each of these lines was one of the eight possible homozygotes of alleles derived from rice cultivars Akenohoshi and Milyang 23 at the three loci in nearly common genetic backgrounds. They were examined for grain‐filling traits in two different years. Results showed that APL2‐2, and SUT1‐2in part, derived from Milyang 23 showing relatively good grain filling, significantly improved grain filling compared with APL2‐1and SUT1‐1from Akenohoshi showing poor filling. This improvement in grain filling may result from increased AGPase activity and expression of APL2 and SUT1 proteins, by means of APL2‐2and SUT1‐2. However, the variations in AGPase activity, protein expression, and the degree of grain filling were not associated with the gene expression of the three loci, implying post‐transcriptional regulation. These results strongly suggested that APL2‐2and SUT1‐2are associated with good grain filling.

Published
2021
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30. Correction: Smad2 and Smad3 Are Redundantly Essential for the TGF-β–Mediated Regulation of Regulatory T Plasticity and Th1 Development

Author

Takimoto, Tomohito, primary, Wakabayashi, Yu, additional, Sekiya, Takashi, additional, Inoue, Naoko, additional, Morita, Rimpei, additional, Ichiyama, Kenji, additional, Takahashi, Reiko, additional, Asakawa, Mayako, additional, Muto, Go, additional, Mori, Tomoaki, additional, Hasegawa, Eiichi, additional, Shizuya, Saika, additional, Hara, Toshiro, additional, Nomura, Masatoshi, additional, and Yoshimura, Akihiko, additional

Published
2011
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31. Smad2 and Smad3 Are Redundantly Essential for the TGF-β–Mediated Regulation of Regulatory T Plasticity and Th1 Development

Author

Takimoto, Tomohito, primary, Wakabayashi, Yu, additional, Sekiya, Takashi, additional, Inoue, Naoko, additional, Morita, Rimpei, additional, Ichiyama, Kenji, additional, Takahashi, Reiko, additional, Asakawa, Mayako, additional, Muto, Go, additional, Mori, Tomoaki, additional, Hasegawa, Eiichi, additional, Shizuya, Saika, additional, Hara, Toshiro, additional, Nomura, Masatoshi, additional, and Yoshimura, Akihiko, additional

Published
2010
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39. Smad2 and Smad3 are redundantly essential for the TGF-beta-mediated regulation of regulatory T plasticity and Th1 development.

Author

Takimoto T, Wakabayashi Y, Sekiya T, Inoue N, Morita R, Ichiyama K, Takahashi R, Asakawa M, Muto G, Mori T, Hasegawa E, Saika S, Hara T, Nomura M, and Yoshimura A

Subjects
Animals, Antigens, CD genetics, Antigens, CD metabolism, Blotting, Western, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes cytology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cell Differentiation physiology, Flow Cytometry, Forkhead Transcription Factors genetics, Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling, Inflammation genetics, Inflammation metabolism, Integrin alpha Chains genetics, Integrin alpha Chains metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 genetics, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 metabolism, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Signal Transduction genetics, Signal Transduction physiology, Smad2 Protein genetics, Smad2 Protein metabolism, Smad3 Protein genetics, Smad3 Protein metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory cytology, Th1 Cells cytology, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Smad2 Protein physiology, Smad3 Protein physiology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism, Th1 Cells metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta physiology
Abstract

Although it has been well established that TGF-beta plays a pivotal role in immune regulation, the roles of its downstream transcription factors, Smad2 and Smad3, have not been fully clarified. Specifically, the function of Smad2 in the immune system has not been investigated because of the embryonic lethality of Smad2-deficient mice. In this study, we generated T cell-specific Smad2 conditional knockout (KO) mice and unexpectedly found that Smad2 and Smad3 were redundantly essential for TGF-beta-mediated induction of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells and suppression of IFN-gamma production in CD4(+) T cells. Consistent with these observations, Smad2/Smad3-double KO mice, but not single KO mice, developed fatal inflammatory diseases with higher IFN-gamma production and reduced Foxp3 expression in CD4(+) T cells at the periphery. Although it has been suggested that Foxp3 induction might underlie TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression, TGF-beta still can suppress Th1 cell development in Foxp3-deficient T cells, suggesting that the Smad2/3 pathway inhibits Th1 cell development with Foxp3-independent mechanisms. We also found that Th17 cell development was reduced in Smad-deficient CD4(+) T cells because of higher production of Th17-inhibitory cytokines from these T cells. However, TGF-beta-mediated induction of RORgamma t, a master regulator of Th17 cell, was independent of both Smad2 and Smad3, suggesting that TGF-beta regulates Th17 development through Smad2/3-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Published
2010
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