Search

Abstract The current research focuses on the development of Ag–ZnO heterostructures through a “bottom-up” approach involving the assembly and extraction of Aloe barbadensis Miller gel. These heterostructures composed of metals/semiconductor oxide display distinct and notable optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical properties that are not found in single constituents and also exhibit photocatalytic applications. These synthesized heterostructures were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The high peak intensity of the Ag/ZnO composite shows the high crystallinity. The presence of Ag–O, Zn–O, and O–H bonding is verified using FTIR analysis. SEM analysis indicated the formation of spherical shapes of Ag/ZnO heterostructures. The Zn, O, and Ag elements are further confirmed by EDX analysis. Ag–ZnO heterostructures exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and stability against the degradation of tubantin red 8BL dye under visible light irradiation.

This study focuses on the investigation of beryllium (Be) doping in V2O5 nanoparticles and the coordinated effects it has on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic characteristics of the material. XRD analysis reveals modifications in the orthorhombic structure upon Be doping, decreasing crystallite size (68.7–46.6 nm), and increased dislocation line density. Optimizing charge carrier mobility and separation is crucial for improving photocatalytic activity, and this is achieved via these adjustments. Raman spectra indicated increased crystallinity with Be doping. The optical analysis demonstrated an adjustable band gap (2.47–2.60 eV) and reduced refractive index (2.49–2.45), that enhance light absorption efficiency. More importantly, the study shows that Be-doped V2O5 nanoparticles have better photocatalytic activity for the breakdown of methylene blue, indicating its potential for environmentally friendly remediation. The present work contributes to the advancement of customized doping approaches for maximizing V2O5 functioning across a range of applications by clarifying the complex impacts of Be doping.

Photocatalytic responses and synergistic effects of V2O5, TiO2, and V2O5/TiO2 heterostructures with varied ratios have been investigated, revealing promising outcomes. The successful synthesis of nanostructures and heterostructures was verified through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Notably, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectral studies confirmed that the optical band gap of V2O5/TiO2 heterostructures increases with higher TiO2 concentrations. These findings enhance our understanding of the agglomerated heterostructures of V2O5/TiO2, particularly with ratios of 1:1 and 1:3, showcasing potential applications in photocatalysis. Furthermore, their performance was subjected to Malachite Green dye degradation using a solar simulator, achieving an impressive efficiency of 93.29%. Additionally, the photocatalytic efficacy was assessed through reusability experiments over three cycles. Remarkably, the heterostructures exhibited stability across these cycles, suggesting their potential for extended use in diverse photocatalytic purposes. The importance of these results is the applicability of our fabricated V2O5/TiO2 heterostructures as a photocatalyst with high performance, especially in the realm of sustainable and efficient dye degradation processes.

Perovskite solar cells (MAPbI2Br or CH3NH3I2Br) are the subject of this thorough examination of their optical, structural, and photovoltaic properties. These MAPbI2Br cells were prepared by the sol–gel spin-coating process to make films of both undoped and Mn2+-doped materials. In addition, the band gap energy (Eg) exhibited a steady downward trend as doping levels increased. The largest drop was observed at 4 % Mn2+ doping, when UV–Vis spectroscopy measured an Eg value of 1.88 eV. This decrease in band gap energy is essential to improving MAPbI2Br's functionality. Furthermore, when compared to cells that used pure MAPbI2Br perovskite solar cells, the efficiency of the manufactured MAPbI2Br cells shown a significant improvement. Analyzing the current–voltage (J-V) characteristics revealed that the MAPbI2Br produced with a 4 % Mn2+-doped MAPbI2Br film had dramatically improved properties. These cells showed an open-circuit voltage of 1.02, a fill factor of 0.74, a short-circuit current density of 8.10 mA/cm2, and an impressive power conversion efficiency of 6.14 %.

The current study focuses the nanocomposites of Ag/WO3 was synthesized via hydrothermal method and extract of Aloe-vera gel was used. Various characterization techniques were used for the analysis of Ag/WO3 nanocomposites which includes SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDX (Energy dispersive spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), UV (ultraviolet–visible-spectroscopy) to tell about elemental composition, shape and crystalline structure, band gap, functional group. The presence of composition of elements O, W, Ag in Ag/WO3 nanocomposites was confirmed through EDX spectrum. The hexagonal crystal structure and the border peaks in Ag/WO3 nanocomposites were examined through XRD spectra. The Anti-oxidant activity was synthesized by using (DPPH) free Radical in Ag/WO3 nanocomposites. The outcomes of present study exhibited an excellent anti-oxidant activity and also indicated the reduction of stabilized free radical DPPH analysis using Aloe vera extract. The result revealed that the anti-oxidant activity of Ag/WO3 nanocomposites is essential for biomedical application and various industries.

Photocatalytic response of V2O5, ZnO, and V2O5/ZnO nanostructures for the degradation of Tubantin red 8BL dye has been reported. Pure V2O5, ZnO, and V2O5/ZnO composite nanostructures were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. UV–Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations were done to examine their bandgap energy (Eg), morphology, composition, and structure, respectively. These discoveries advance our knowledge of the agglomerated nanoparticles of V2O5, ZnO, and V2O5/ZnO for their prospective photocatalytic uses. The presence of V2O5 and ZnO in composite is confirmed through the analysis of FTIR. Flower shaped morphology was observed in V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite by SEM. The 2.83 eV bandgap energy was observed in composite. The nanocomposite was evaluated for Tubantin red 8BL photodegradation. The efficiencies of pure ZnO nanoparticles after 25 min, 50 min, 75 min, 100 min, 125 min, and 150 min irradiation are 54.54 %, 58.00 %, 61.41 %, 63.84 %, 71.19 %, and 78.53 %; for pure V2O5 nanoparticles, they are 72.72 %, 76.45 %, 80.85 %, 85.42 %, 89.99 %, and 94.32 %. Similarly, the efficiencies (%) of V2O5/ZnO composite nanoparticles are 45.10 %, 53.27 %, 60.75 %, 68.24 %, 79.99 %, 91.74 %, and 99.79 %, respectively. Reusability studies (three cycles) were used to further confirm the photocatalytic efficiency, and the findings of the subsequent characterization revealed an arrangement of crystalline layers which is the cause of the high efficiency. These nanostructures also demonstrated stability across three cycles, suggesting more photocatalytic uses for them in the future.

The green synthesis approach was used to manufacture the lanthanum modified spinel ferrites, which had the formula Zn0·6Ni0·2Mg0·2Fe2-xLaxO4 and were heated at 100 °C for 2 h. Through the use of XRD, FTIR, UV–visible, RLC study, four probe I–V, and PL spectroscopy the structural, optical, dielectric, electrical, and photoluminescence features were examined. XRD results confirmed that spinel ferrite have a cubic network. The substitution of La ions causes an overall increase in sample's lattice constants, which was credited to the disparity in ionic radii between Fe3+ (0.63 Aͦ) and La3+ (1.061 Aͦ) ions. From the XRD data, it was possible to compute the cationic distributions, oxygen positional parameters, tolerance factor, interatomic distances, bond lengths, bond length angles, and positional parameters. The computed Eg from the UV–Visible spectroscopy was decreased from 2.5 to 1.8eV. FTIR results revealed octahedral absorption band having 557.32–550.57 cm−1 range. The value of force constant from FTIR was revealed in the range of 2.27–2.21 dyne cm−1. The dielectric losses and constant are decreasing, whereas ac conductivity exhibited expanding behavior with high frequency. PL test result shows that La doping improves the material's light response, so the result showed that La-doped materials are suitable for magneto-optic devices. Electrical properties show that DC electrical resistivity decreases in the range of 1.65 × 10°5–5.01 × 10°3 Ω-cm. So, they are suitable for high-frequency circuits.

Abstract The optoelectronic properties of the ternary Cd0.25Zn0.75Se alloy are reported under the influence of a high pressure ranging from 0 to 25 GPa, within a modified Becke–Jhonson potential using density functional theory. This alloy has a cubic symmetry, is mechanically stable, and its bulk modulus rises with pressure. It is observed to be a direct bandgap material with a bandgap energy that increases from 2.37 to 3.11 eV with rise in pressure. Pressure changes the optical and electronic properties, causing the absorption coefficient to rise and absorb visible green-to-violet light. The static dielectric constant, along with the static index of refraction, both increase under the influence of pressure. Optical constants, including dielectric constant, optical conductivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and reflection, are also investigated and discussed. This DFT forecast explores important research directions for the usage of the CdZnSe semiconductor alloys in the manufacturing of space photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices operating at different pressures.

Abstract Dysregulation of non-coding microRNAs during the course of tumor development, invasion and/or progression to the distant organs, makes them a promising candidate marker for the diagnosis of cancer and associated malignancies. This exploratory study aims at evaluating the usefulness of plasma concentration of circulating mir-146a as a non-invasive biomarker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Total RNA including miRNA was isolated from 110 plasma samples of patients (n = 66), healthy controls (n = 24) and follow up (n = 20) cases and reverse transcribed. Relative concentrations were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR and fold-change was calculated by 2−ΔΔCt method. Finally, relative concentrations were correlated to clinicopathological factors. Patients (n = 66) were analyzed to determine fold expression of miR-146a in plasma samples of ALL. Before chemotherapy, pediatric (n = 42) and adult (n = 24) showed overexpression of miR-146a compared with healthy controls (P

Aluminium samples are irradiated using a continuous-wave diode laser in a laboratory environment to study the effect on its surface, structural, and mechanical properties. The exposed samples are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometer for the surface and structural morphology, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic analysis unveils the realization of micrometer grain size, exfoliational sputtering, and crater production. The diffractometric x-ray analysis reveals the grain size, d-spacing, and dislocation line density of the targeted samples. The hardness of the samples as a function of exposure time is investigated using the micro Vickers hardness tester to perceive the mechanical properties. An increase in micro-hardness is observed with the increase in the exposure time.

In this study, novel hydrothermal ex situ synthesis was adopted to synthesize MoS2/WO3 heterostructures using two different molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:4. The “bottom-up” assembly was successfully developed to synthesize spherical and flaky-shaped heterostructures. Their structural, morphological, compositional, and bandgap characterizations were investigated through XRD, EDX, SEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis. These analyses help to understand the agglomerated heterostructures of MoS2/WO3 for their possible photocatalytic application. Therefore, prepared heterostructures were tested for RhB photodegradation using solar light irradiation. The % efficiency of MoS2/WO3 composites for 30 min irradiation of 1:1 was 91.41% and for 1:4 was 98.16%. Similarly, the % efficiency of 1:1 MoS2/WO3 heterostructures for 60 min exposure was 92.68%; for 1:4, it was observed as 98.56%; and for 90 min exposure, the % efficiency of 1:1 was 92.41%, and 98.48% was calculated for 1:4 composites. The photocatalytic efficiency was further verified by reusability experiments (three cycles), and the characterization results afterward indicated the ensemble of crystalline planes that were responsible for the high efficiency. Moreover, these heterostructures showed stability over three cycles, indicating their future applications for other photocatalytic applications.

Aluminum antimonide (AlSb), a semiconductor compound, finds its applications in optoelectronics because of its tunable bandgap and promising properties achieved by tailoring suitable dopants. To explore the effects of doping, thin films of pure AlSb and 10% magnesium (Mg)-doped aluminum antimonide (MgAlSb) were synthesized through compound solution deposition on a glass substrate using a low-cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at varying bath temperatures with deposition time intervals ranging from 60 to 180 min. Optical microscopy was used to evaluate the surface roughness and morphology of the synthesized films, revealing the surface roughness and thin film uniformity at different deposition times. The structural characteristics of AlSb and Mg-doped AlSb thin films were further examined using the X-ray diffraction technique, which validated the formation of AlSb and Mg-doped AlSb thin films. This research enables large-scale low-temperature deposition for a variety of conceivable applications in the coatings, materials penetration, energy, and photonic sectors due to the novel properties of this material.

Green synthesis differs in the way that the plant produces chemicals that act as reducing and stabilizing agents, and by adopting this green synthesis, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf and fruit extracts of Annona squamosa (also known as Sharifa), where these extracts have played an important role as reducing and capping agents. The nanoparticles were synthesized as the consequence of a reduction that happened between plant extracts and the precursor solution. The prepared AgNPs were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to study their morphology, optical response, and crystallinity. A single distinctive absorption peak of colloidal AgNPs samples was observed at 430 nm and 410 nm for leaf and fruit extract samples, having an optical bandgap of 2.97 eV and 2.88 eV, respectively, with a spherical shape having a diameter in the range of 35–90 nm and 15–50 nm, respectively, whilst XRD studies supported the FCC cubic structure of the mediated AgNPs. These green synthesized AgNPs have a wide variety of uses, particularly in the biomedical domain, where they have the potential to treat numerous diseases and are reported to be efficient against antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic activities.