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Malnutrition and undernutrition in children are predominantly attributed to insufficient dietary intake and diseases, posing substantial risks without timely intervention. The emerging field of synbiotics, a symbiotic combination of probiotics and prebiotics, presents a promising avenue in nutritional therapy. It effectively modulates the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal microbiota. This approach aligns seamlessly with the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, offering a cost-effective strategy for both prophylaxis and immunomodulation. This study delves into a narrative literature review, examining the potential application of an extract derived from onion (Allium cepa Linn.) inulin, coupled with the beneficial attributes of the probiotic-rich traditional Sumatran dadih, as a supportive therapy. The emphasis lies in manipulating the intestinal microbiota and modulating the immune system, aiming to alleviate the severity of malnutrition-related complications in children. However, achieving optimal efficacy and safety with synbiotics necessitates further rigorous trials. These trials should specifically target refining dosage regimens and formulating compositions conducive to eliciting the desired, safe responses in clinical settings. In conclusion, the exploration of inulin sourced from onion extracts, integrated with supportive therapy focusing on gut microbiota manipulation and immune modulation alongside probiotic-rich dadih, shows immediate potential for practical application in addressing childhood malnutrition.

Deepfake images are combined media constructed from deep learning (DL) methods, usually Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), to manipulate visual content, often giving rise to convincing and fabricating descriptions of scenes or people. The Bayesian machine learning (ML) model has made crucial strides over the past two decades, illustrating promise in diverse applications. In deepfake images, detection utilizes computer vision (CV) and ML to spot manipulated content by analyzing unique artefacts and patterns. Recent techniques utilize DL to train neural networks to discriminate between real and fake images, improving the fight against digital manipulation and preserving media integrity. These systems can efficiently detect subtle inconsistencies or anomalies specific to deepfake creations by learning from large datasets of both real and deepfake images. This enables the mitigation of fraudulent content and reliable detection in digital media. We introduce a new Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer with a Deep Learning-based Deepfake Image Detection and Classification (CHIODL-DIDC) technique. The CHIODL-DIDC technique aimed to detect and classify the existence of fake images. To accomplish this, the CHIODL-DIDC technique initially used a median filtering (MF) based image filtering approach. Besides, the CHIODL-DIDC technique utilized the MobileNetv2 model for extracting feature vectors. Moreover, the hyperparameter tuning of the MobileNetv2 model was accomplished using the CHIO method. For deepfake image detection, the CHIODL-DIDC technique implements the deep belief network (DBN) model. Finally, the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) was utilized to select the effectual hyperparameter of the DBN model. The CHIODL-DIDC method's empirical analysis was examined using a benchmark fake image dataset. The performance validation of the CHIODL-DIDC technique illustrated a superior accuracy value of 98.16% over other models under $ Acc{u}_{y} $ , $ Pre{c}_{n} $ , $ Rec{a}_{l} $ , $ {F}_{Score} $ , and MCC metrics.

The Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects various devices and objects through the Internet to interact with corresponding devices or machines. Now, consumers can purchase many internet-connected products, from automobiles to refrigerators. Extending network capacities to every aspect of life can save money and time, increase efficiency, and enable greater access to digital experiences. Cybersecurity analysts often refer to this as increasing the attack surface from which hackers can benefit. Implementing the proper security measures is crucial since IoT devices can be vulnerable to cyberattacks and are often built with limited security features. Securing IoT devices involves implementing security measures and best practices to secure them from potential vulnerabilities and threats. Deep learning (DL) models have recently analyzed the network pattern for detecting and responding to possible intrusions, improving cybersecurity with advanced threat detection abilities. Therefore, this study presents a new Hybrid Dung Beetle Optimization-based Dimensionality Reduction with a Deep Learning-based Cybersecurity Solution (HDBODR-DLCS) method on the IoT network. The primary goal of the HDBODR-DLCS technique is to perform dimensionality reduction with a hyperparameter tuning process for enhanced detection results. In the primary stage, the HDBODR-DLCS technique involves Z-score normalization to measure the input dataset. The HDBO model is used for dimensionality reduction, which mainly selects the relevant features and discards the irrelevant features. Besides, intrusions are detected using the attention bidirectional recurrent neural network (ABiRNN) model. Finally, an artificial rabbits optimization (ARO) based hyperparameter tuning process is performed, enhancing the overall classification performance. The empirical analysis of the HDBODR-DLCS method is tested under the benchmark IDS dataset. The simulation outcomes indicated the HDBODR-DLCS method's improved abilities over existing approaches.

The brain plays a central role in controlling and regulating bodily activities. Given its significance, the brain needs to remain in optimal condition to function properly. Neurodegenerative diseases arise when the mechanisms maintaining brain homeostasis fail, resulting in prolonged and uncontrolled activation of cell death pathways. Increasingly, researchers are focusing on specific types of cell death, such as ferroptosis and pyroptosis, due to their potential as targets for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial growth factor for neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and maintenance, and is thus implicated in cell death mechanisms. This review aims to elucidate the role of BDNF in the ferroptosis and pyroptosis mechanisms that impact brain health. To achieve this, three databases – PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science – were searched for relevant studies, yielding 95 articles, of which only 14 were aligned with the study’s aim. Ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death) and pyroptosis (inflammatory cell death) are distinct modes of cell death; however, this review found both mechanisms are associated with oxidative stress. Consequently, the findings suggest that ferroptosis and pyroptosis collectively impact brain health conditions such as depression, cognitive deficiencies, and anxiety, which are notably linked to reduced BDNF levels.

Abstract Background The nicotine in e-cigarette liquid can negatively impact periodontal tissues by altering the salivary pH and elevating cotinine levels. Thus, the study aimed to determine the periodontal parameters, salivary pH, and cotinine levels among cigarette, e-cigarette, and never-smokers. Methods A total of 144 participants were recruited (48 cigarette smokers, 48 e-cigarette smokers, and 48 never-smokers). Clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded, excluding third molars. The level of unstimulated whole salivary pH was measured using a portable pH meter and the levels of salivary cotinine were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Data were analysed statistically using analysis of variance. Mean scores of PPD, percentage of pocket depth ≥ 4 mm, and CAL (p

Perlindungan terhadap Perempuan Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) menjadi isu yang tidak kunjung selesai sejak tahun 2004. Minimnya perlindungan sosial, ketenagakerjaan, dan kepastian hukum membuat isu Perempuan PRT menjadi semakin kompleks setiap tahunnya. Jumlah kasus kekerasan fisik, psikis, dan ekonomi terhadap Perempuan PRT yang mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya mendorong penguatan kebijakan dan regulasi terkait perlindungan PRT untuk menciptakan sistem yang mendukung pengakuan PRT secara hukum dan sosial. Melalui tinjauan teori dan perspektif kesejahteraan sosial, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami hambatan dan peluang yang memengaruhi kesejahteraan dan akses perempuan PRT terhadap perlindungan sosial. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis studi literatur yang relevan. Temuan pada tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan PRT seringkali mengalami ketidakadilan, ketidaksetaraan, dan diskriminasi dalam lingkungan sosial dan pekerjaan yang diperburuk oleh status PRT sebagai tenaga kerja informal. Tulisan ini mengusulkan berbagai strategi yang berorientasi pada kebijakan untuk mengintegrasikan perempuan PRT ke dalam sistem perlindungan, dengan menyoroti perlunya keterlibatan berbagai pemangku kepentingan seperti pemerintah sebagai pembuat kebijakan, masyarakat sebagai kontrol sosial dalam mengawal kebijakan, badan atau organisasi yang berorientasi pada upaya perlindungan PRT, dan pekerja sosial sebagai pihak yang memiliki keahlian dalam menangani isu-isu sosial. Tulisan ini memberikan wawasan baru mengenai tantangan dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan Perempuan PRT sebagai tenaga kerja informal yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok rentan dan menawarkan rekomendasi konkret untuk mendorong penjaminan atas perlindungan perempuan PRT.

Fibrosis represents the uncontrolled replacement of parenchymal tissue with extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by myofibroblasts. While genetic fate-tracing and single-cell RNA-Seq technologies have helped elucidate fibroblast heterogeneity and ontogeny beyond fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, newly identified fibroblast populations remain ill defined, with respect to both the molecular cues driving their differentiation and their subsequent role in fibrosis. Using an unbiased approach, we identified the metalloprotease ADAMTS12 as a fibroblast-specific gene that is strongly upregulated during active fibrogenesis in humans and mice. Functional in vivo KO studies in mice confirmed that Adamts12 was critical during fibrogenesis in both heart and kidney. Mechanistically, using a combination of spatial transcriptomics and expression of catalytically active or inactive ADAMTS12, we demonstrated that the active protease of ADAMTS12 shaped ECM composition and cleaved hemicentin 1 (HMCN1) to enable the activation and migration of a distinct injury- responsive fibroblast subset defined by aberrant high JAK/STAT signaling., Introduction Fibrosis represents the uncontrolled replacement of parenchymal tissue by extracellular matrix (ECM) (1). Whereas deposition of ECM sustains tissue integrity immediately after injury, continued deposition of ECM by myofibroblasts [...]

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep fellowship program websites likely serve as a preliminary source of information for prospective fellows. Arguably, applicants have likely become even more reliant on program websites during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions and social-distancing measures limiting in-person interviews. In this study, we evaluated the content and comprehensiveness of sleep medicine fellowship websites to identify areas of improvement. METHODS: A list of sleep medicine fellowship programs in the United States participating in the 2021 match cycle was compiled using the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive database (FREIDA) websites. Twenty-two prespecified content criteria related to education, recruitment, and compensation were used to evaluate each program website. Sleep programs website comprehensiveness were compared based on US location, type, matching status, core specialty, and size of programs. RESULTS: Seventy-eight US sleep fellowship program websites were evaluated. Most program websites had a working hyperlink on ERAS or FREIDA. There was considerable variability in content reported across program websites, with a mean of 56.8% of content items reported per program. There was a greater educational website content comprehensiveness for internal medicine compared with other specialty-based sleep programs. There was no difference in sleep programs website comprehensiveness based on US location, type, matching status, or size of programs. CONCLUSIONS: Website content comprehensiveness among sleep fellowship programs is variable. There is opportunity for all sleep fellowship programs to improve their websites to better inform prospective trainees. CITATION: Shenoy S, Akberzie W, Landeo-Gutierrez JS, Leon Guerrero CR, Karroum EG. Evaluation of sleep medicine fellowship program websites. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(6):1083-1088.

Introduction: Larval source management, particularly larviciding, is mainly implemented in urban settings to control malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. In Tanzania, the government has recently expanded larviciding to rural settings across the country, but implementation faces multiple challenges, notably inadequate resources and limited know-how by technical staff. This study evaluated the potential of training community members to identify, characterize and target larval habitats of Anopheles funestus mosquitoes, the dominant vector of malaria transmission in south-eastern Tanzania. Methods: A mixed-methods study was used. First, interviewer-administered questionnaires were employed to assess knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of community members towards larviciding (N = 300). Secondly community-based volunteers were trained to identify and characterize aquatic habitats of dominant malaria vector species, after which they treated the most productive habitats with a locally-manufactured formulation of the biolarvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Longitudinal surveys of mosquito adults and larvae were used to assess impacts of the community-led larviciding programme in two villages in rural south-eastern Tanzania. Results: At the beginning of the program, the majority of village residents were unaware of larviciding as a potential malaria prevention method, and about 20 % thought that larvicides could be harmful to the environment and other insects. The trained community volunteers identified and characterized 360 aquatic habitats, of which 45.6 % had Anopheles funestus, the dominant malaria vector in the area. The preferred larval habitats for An. funestus were deep and had either slow- or fast-moving waters. Application of biolarvicides reduced the abundance of adult An. funestus and Culex spp. species inside human houses in the same villages, by 46.3 % and 35.4 % respectively. Abundance of late-stage instar larvae of the same taxa was also reduced by 74 % and 42 %, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that training community members to identify, characterize, and target larval habitats of the dominant malaria vectors can be effective for larval source management in rural Tanzania. Community-led larviciding reduced the densities of adult and late-stage instar larvae of An. funestus and Culex spp. inside houses, suggesting that this approach may have potential for malaria control in rural settings. However, efforts are still needed to increase awareness of larviciding in the relevant communities.

The development of contemporary art and design is a dynamic reflection of social values, technological advancements, cultural shifts, and evidence of the ever-changing nature of human expression. However, local identities are often not visible, and many works of art and design seem stereotypical with similar appearances. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to conduct research on art creation by exploring local cultural values as an identity. This article describes the process of creating contemporary textile designs sourced from the visual aesthetics of classic batik Kawung motifs, which are full of aesthetic value. The art creation method is carried out by collecting information about the visual aesthetics of classic batik Kawung motifs, exploring ideas based on visual aesthetics in Kawung batik motifs, developing creation ideas through design experiments, and realizing textile designs into fabric prototypes. The results of this study include (1) analysis of basic ornaments of geometry, repetition patterns, and symmetrical compositions in Kawung classic batik motifs, (2) the process of embodiment of contemporary textile design with the concept of transformation geometry through rotation, reflection to create rhythm and composition, as well as translation and dilatation to find the artistic value of shapes, (3) descriptions of the form of contemporary textile design works that have been produced. The study results show that classic batik's aesthetic value is a potential source of ideas for creating contemporary textile designs. Through a formalistic study of Kawung classic batik motifs, a method of making ornaments with transformative geometry techniques was found as a guideline and formulation for creating contemporary textile designs. Local values in the Kawung motif, such as the pattern of rotation, reflection, rhythm, and recomposition of geometric shapes, are still relevant and contextual with the development of the times. Thus, it is essential to use it as a source of inspiration for creating contemporary textile designs with a strong identity.

As a densely populated country experiencing rapid economic growth, Bangladesh faces a surging demand for energy. Despite efforts to develop renewable energy sources, coal remains a significant share of the energy mix with a consumption of 2,099,900 tons. However, conventional coal utilization raises environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions and other hazardous pollutants. To tackle these issues, viable solutions like clean coal technologies come into play. These encompass high-efficiency low-emission (HELE) power stations, carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) systems, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), as well as supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam cycles (S/USC), providing adequate means to reduce the ecological effects tied to coal-powered electricity production. This paper asserts that the strategic adoption of clean coal technologies can play a pivotal role in shaping Bangladesh's sustainable energy future, contingent upon robust policy frameworks, environmental impact and recommend that the government must incentivize HELE, CCUS, and clean coal as well as promote international collaboration. Moreover, modern coal preparation techniques and the future research direction are also discussed in this paper and additionally this study suggests that HELE technologies are more suitable for Bangladesh than other current technologies. These strategies have the potential to yield enhanced economic benefits and offer viable solutions for achieving the clean and efficient conversion of coal resources.

Indoor environments, considered sanctuaries from external pollutants, are increasingly recognized as reservoirs for microplastics (MP). This research employed a comprehensive approach, combining dust sampling from diverse indoor spaces, density separation method, and microscopic observation to quantify and characterize microplastic particles. This is the first initial study worldwide that incorporated MP identification in indoor dust from different indoor environments along with factor analysis, health, and ecological risk assessment. The average MP concentration in the indoor environment was 4333.18 ± 353.85 MP/g. The MP distribution pattern was in institutional areas < residential areas < industrial areas < and commercial areas. Black color, fiber,

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental health disorder that affects 10%–15% women globally. Longitudinal and meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated the negative impacts of PPD on both the affected mothers and subsequent infant development. Given the consideration that antidepressant side effects in breastfeeding infants and the cost-effectiveness considerations of psychotherapies, attention has been paid towards the promising role of social support interventions in order to prevent and reduce the PPD symptoms. Confirming the assertion, this narrative review examines the potential of five social support interventions to ameliorate PPD-related maternal and infant outcomes. The wide implications of psychoeducational strategy, nurses’ supportive and non-directive counselling and home-visiting approach are outlined. Furthermore, the evidence underlying the role of peer support, culturally tailored intervention and community-based participatory approach in PPD is elucidated. In clinical practice, this review reinforce the roles of discharge educational intervention led by the experienced nurse during the postpartum stay, in order to maintain psychological mental health among the postpartum mothers. More importantly, the skilled and competence public health nurses act as valuable assets in treating PPD, and this effective treatment alternative should be considered by healthcare planners. In future, major investigations will be strategized to discover the synergistic effects of combined social support approaches to yield a better outcome in the prevention and treatment of PPD.

Fertilizer plays a crucial role in the field of plantation industries. In pursuit of the sustainable development goals, the objective of this study is to analyse and compare the specific physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of peat soils found in oil palm between biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer treated plot. This study involved approximately 40 soil samples at Ladang Amanah Saham Pahang Berhad (ASPA), located in Sg. Miang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Block E and Block F were chosen to represent the biofertilizer (Plot E3) and chemical fertilizer (Plot F4). The samples were collected during Mid-June 2023 using random sampling techniques and prepared for soil chemical and biological analysis. Based on the findings, there were significant differences in soil pH, exchangeable phosphorus (P), ammonium-N (NH4+) and nitrate-N (NO3-) between chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer treated plot. Biofertilizer treated plot showed higher levels of total nitrogen (N), total carbon, exchangeable calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) compared to chemical fertilizer treated plot. Chemical fertilizer treated plot showed lower cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared to biofertilizer treated plot Accordingly, this research suggested that peat soils' pH, available P, ammonium, and nitrate content were significantly affected by the long-term use of biofertilizer for oil palm plantations.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal cancer in the United States (U.S.) with the highest incidence and mortality rates among African Americans (AAs) compared to other racial groups. Despite these disparities, AAs are the least likely to undergo CRC screening, have precancerous colorectal polyps removed, and have CRC detected at stages early enough for curative excision. In addition, compelling evidence links inflammatory dietary patterns to increased CRC and cardiovascular disease risk. Studies show that AA churches can successfully engage in health promotion activities including those related to cancer control. The current study seeks to leverage church-placed Community Health Workers (CHWs) to increase CRC screening and reduce CRC risk. Design and methods We aim to (1) increase guideline concordant CRC screening uptake using church-placed CHWs trained in screening with a validated instrument, Brief Intervention using Motivational Interviewing, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT); and (2) reduce dietary risk factors (inflammatory dietary patterns) linked to CRC. The latter will be addressed by culturally adapting an existing, web-based lifestyle program called Alive!. Using a Hybrid Type 1 Implementation-Effectiveness cluster randomized design, we will randomize 22 AA churches into either the dual intervention arm (CHW-led SBIRT intervention plus Alive!) or a usual care arm comprised of CRC prevention educational pamphlets and a list of CRC screening sites. We will recruit 440 subjects and evaluate the effects of both arms on screening uptake (colonoscopy, fecal DNA) (primary outcome) and dietary inflammation score (secondary outcome) at 6-month follow-up, and Life Simple7 (LS7)—a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score—at 6 months and 1 year (secondary outcome). Finally, guided by a racism-conscious adaptation of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we will conduct a mixed-methods process evaluation with key stakeholders to understand multi-level influences on CRC screening and CVD risk behaviors. Discussion Church-placed CHWs are trusted influential connectors between communities and health systems. Studies have shown that these CHWs can successfully implement health prevention protocols in churches, including those related to cancer control, making them potentially important community mediators of CRC screening uptake and CRC/CVD risk reduction. Trial registration NCT05174286; clinicaltrials.gov; August 31st, 2023

Critical thinking is widely recognized as a necessary skill for growth and intellectual development due to a variety of factors, including globalization, the revolution of information technology, modernity, and connectivity. EFL teachers can lay the groundwork for their students to attain critical thinking through various methods, models, and strategies. The present investigation suggests that the teacher could promote EFL learners' critical thinking through guided discovery model of instruction. Henceforth, the current paper endeavors to enlighten the adequacy of applying guided discovery for developing learners' critical thinking skills. It is an experimental research that investigates: how may guided discovery contribute to the development of EFL learners' critical thinking? It attempts to examine the utility of discovery learning in teaching students how to process and think critically about the education they receive where information has become readily available and accessible. To this aim, 40 EFL Master students who took educational psychology courses were nominated from the university center of Naama, Algeria. The researcher selected Peter Honey Critical Thinking test and focus group discussions to attain data on students' critical thinking skills. The test results demonstrated that the experimental group outperformed the control group. The students become more autonomous, reflect on their learning experiences, and identify the most useful strategies. Furthermore, the analysis of focus group interviews revealed that the experimental group participants hold positive attitudes toward discovery learning. They perceive it as a precious method that can enhance their awareness about the value of thinking critically.

With the fast paced development of electronic devices in the past few decades, self powered, biocompatible, flexible small but easy to fabricate devices are becoming more and more desirable. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its co-polymers are being used to make such devices because those devices have those characters. In this study we presented brief history regarding piezoelectricity in general and piezoelectricity in PVDF and its copolymers in particular. We have discussed the theoretical understanding about the piezoelectric properties in these piezoelectric materials and the unsolved open questions. We have presented many different applications of PVDF and its copolymers. Here, we tried to cover all the dimensions of study around PVDF and its copolymers. The intention here is to help anyone who wants to work on this field with an overall brief map of this field. Highlights * This is a comprehensive review on the topic. * Historical development of this field of research is discussed. * Theoretical developments and the unsolved open questions are also included. * Some of the important applications of piezoelectric polymers like P(VDF-HFP) are discussed. * Future direction of research in this field is also indicated. KEYWORDS biomedical application, energy harvesting, P(VDF-HFP), piezoelectric, theory, p-phase, 1 | INTRODUCTION Piezoelectricity was first discovered by Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie for the first time in inorganic crystals in 1880. (1) Inorganic, ceramic materials show highest amount of [...]

The exponential growth of data and increased reliance on interconnected systems have heightened the need for robust network security. Cyber-Attack Detection Systems (CADS) are essential for identifying and mitigating threats through network traffic analysis. However, the effectiveness of CADS is highly dependent on selecting pertinent features. This research evaluates the impact of three feature selection techniques—Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), Mutual Information (MI), and Lasso Feature Selection (LFS)—on CADS performance. We propose a novel stacked ensemble classification approach, combining Random Forest, XGBoost, and Extra-Trees classifiers with a Logistic Regression meta-model. Performance is assessed using CICIDS2017 and NSL-KDD datasets. Results show that RFE achieves 100% accuracy for Brute Force attacks, 99.99% for Infiltration and Web Attacks on CICIDS2017, and 99.95% accuracy for all attacks on NSL-KDD, marking a significant improvement over traditional methods. This study demonstrates that optimizing feature selection and leveraging diverse classifiers can substantially enhance the accuracy of CADS, providing stronger protection against evolving cyber threats.

In the pursuit of organizational goals, addressing the fundamental needs of employees, such as ensuring the availability of drinking water, plays a pivotal role in fostering a productive, healthy, and value-aligned work environment. This imperative necessitates the implementation of intelligent service management solutions that are both efficient and intelligent. In this research, we propose a visionary architectural transformation that seamlessly integrates intelligent agent-based smart systems within the domain of Smart Organizations. Our novel architectural approach draws inspiration from Activity Theory, strategically orchestrating interactions between employees, company objectives, and tools. Additionally, we employ a meticulously crafted 4-layer organizational system structure to delineate roles, establish rules, foster communities, and optimize task allocation. This forward- looking architecture is further fortified through the integration of cutting-edge technologies, encompassing the Internet of Things (IoT) with precision dispensing scales for real-time predictive capabilities, human-computer interaction (HCI) mobile applications and web services to enhance user-system engagement, and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI) implementations across every layer of the system. The architectural framework is consolidated within a robust Big Data platform, enabling the collection and comprehensive analysis of data on a grand scale. This multifaceted approach seeks to usher in profound and all-encompassing changes in the management of drinking water supply services, encompassing organizational paradigms, technological advancements, and methodological enhancements to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. The focus of this transformation is primarily directed toward companies involved in supply activities, with particular emphasis on drinking water provisioning. Through the development of predictive system prototypes and meticulous performance analysis, our study conclusively demonstrates that the Smart System-based prediction architecture significantly enhances operational performance and elevates the quality of drinking water supply services.

Abstract The space–time fractional Fokas–Lenells (STFFL) equation serves as a fundamental mathematical model employed in telecommunications and transmission technology, elucidating the intricate dynamics of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers. This study employs the Sardar sub-equation (SSE) approach within the STFFL equation framework to explore uncharted territories, uncovering a myriad of optical soliton solutions (OSSs) and conducting a thorough analysis of their bifurcations. The discovered OSSs encompass a diverse array, including bright-dark, periodic, multiple bright-dark solitons, and various other types, forming a captivating spectrum. These solutions reveal an intricate interplay among bright-dark solitons, complex periodic sequences, rhythmic breathers, coexistence of multiple bright-dark solitons, alongside intriguing phenomena like kinks, anti-kinks, and dark-bell solitons. This exploration, built upon meticulous literature review, unveils previously undiscovered wave patterns within the dynamic framework of the STFFL equation, significantly expanding the theoretical understanding and paving the way for innovative applications. Utilizing 2D, contour, and 3D diagrams, we illustrate the influence of fractional and temporal parameters on these solutions. Furthermore, comprehensive 2D, 3D, contour, and bifurcation analysis diagrams scrutinize the nonlinear effects inherent in the STFFL equation. Employing a Hamiltonian function (HF) enables detailed phase-plane dynamics analysis, complemented by simulations conducted using Python and MAPLE software. The practical implications of the discovered OSS solutions extend to real-world physical events, underlining the efficacy and applicability of the SSE scheme in solving time–space nonlinear fractional differential equations (TSNLFDEs). Hence, it is crucial to acknowledge the SSE technique as a direct, efficient, and reliable numerical tool, illuminating precise outcomes in nonlinear comparisons.

Perikanan tangkap skala kecil dicirikan oleh multigear dan multispecies. Kondisi perikanan multigear dan multispecies dapat menyebabkan tekanan terhadap stok sumberdaya perikanan akibat dari meningkatnya jumlah alat tangkap. Jumlah armada perikanan tangkap di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Prigi mengalami peningkatan. Meningkatnya jumlah armada penangkapan ikan di PPN Prigi mengakibatkan terjadinya kompetisi dalam memperoleh hasil tangkapan. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan perikanan tangkap skala kecil yang dinamis perlu diklasterisasikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis klasterisasi perikanan tangkap skala kecil di PPN Prigi dan menganalisis terjadinya dinamika kompetisi perikanan tangkap skala kecil di PPN Prigi dengan mengetahui sebaran daerah penangkapan dan jenis ikan yang ditangkap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis klasterisasi Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) dengan menggunakan data hasil enumerasi tahun 2010-2021, dan melakukan analisis spasial menggunakan data titik koordinat daerah penangkapan yang diperoleh melalui pemetaan partisipatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi pengelompokan alat tangkap dengan posisi klaster yang berubah setiap tahun. Perubahan dipengaruhi oleh keanekaragaman hasil tangkapan dari setiap alat tangkap. Jaring insang selalu berada pada klaster yang sama dengan alat tangkap lain, kecuali pada tahun 2015, 2017, dan 2019. Hasil analisis CPUE menunjukkan nilai produktivitas alat tangkap payang dan pancing tonda stabil. Hasil analisis spasial berupa peta daerah penangkapan yang menunjukkan lokasi penangkapan saling berdekatan pada alat tangkap pancing ulur, pancing tonda, dan jaring insang diikuti dengan keanekaragaman spesies hasil tangkapan yang tinggi.

Most farmers use urea as a nitrogen fertiliser to raise mustard (Brassica juncea L.), although its nitrogen (N) content is quickly lost due to its hygroscopic nature. Nitrogen loss in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrates (NO3-) has been causing low nitrogen fertiliser efficiency in vegetable cultivation. This investigation aims to assess the impact of urea fertiliser coated with biochar or activated charcoal on losses of N2O and NO3- concentration in the soil during mustard production. The experiment used a randomised block design with five treatments of urea fertiliser coated with biochar/activated charcoal. The observed data included N2O flux, nitrate, and ammonia content in soil and water. The results showed that urea fertiliser coated with activated charcoal from corn cobs tended to suppress N loss more effectively than urea coated with biochar or activated charcoal from coconut shells. Biochar and activated charcoal from coconut shells suppressed N-N2O loss as much as 3.1% and 52.5% (7 days after planting (DAP)), respectively, and 68.7% and 71.6% (21 DAP), respectively. Biochar and activated charcoal from corn cob reduce N-N2O loss by 46.5% and 66.5% (7 DAP), respectively, and by 70.7% and 77.8% (21 DAP). Urea-coated activated charcoal fertiliser increases mustard plant biomass and nitrogen uptake. Biochar and activated charcoal from coconut shells and corncobs increase nitrogen use efficiency by 5, 24, 6, and 17%, respectively. Biochar/activated charcoal coatings are a promising technology for boosting nitrogen use efficiency in vegetable crops, including mustard crops.

In this paper, a Forward Time Centered Space (FTCS) method and an analytical method have been developed to fully investigate the $^{4}F_{9/2}$ to $^{6}H_{13/2}$ lasing transition of a dysprosium Dy$-$doped ZBLAN fiber which provides the potential of highly efficient yellow laser direct generation. This light source is of significant interest for treating diabetic retinopathy, which can cause blindness. The developed method's validity is confirmed through the comparison with experimental investigations of Dy$-$doped ZBLAN fiber lasers in other valid research. A full analysis of Dy$-$doped fiber laser including the population of the energy levels, power evolution of the laser and pump signals, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), excited state absorption (ESA), radiative and non-radiative time transition rates are presented. The developed numerical method gives a better understanding of the impact of ASE and ESA on laser performance. The influence of overlap integrals, output mirror reflectivity, and active fiber length on laser performance is investigated. The optimization criteria based on the different robust configurations of laser cavities are found which predict the slope efficiencies higher than half of the Stokes limit.

Abstract Background Fungal laryngitis is a fungal infection of the larynx which is an extremely rare clinical entity, especially in immunocompetent patients. The diagnosis is often overlooked and delayed among patients, and it is usually evident among immunocompromised patients. Case presentation We herein present a case of a 60-year-old gentleman presented with dysphagia for 6 months associated with hoarseness. Endoscopic examination shows a fungating mass over the larynx that mimics cancer. However, a biopsy of the mass showed the presence of fungal spores. Conclusion This case report emphasizes the importance of clinical suspicion of fungal laryngitis and its early intervention.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a highly prevalent disease in Malaysia. Early identification using cost-effective methods such as chest radiography can reduce the health burden of a TB epidemic. However, normal chest radiographic findings are common. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of smear-positive pulmonary TB with normal chest radiographic findings during an outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 56 pulmonary TB cases registered at Kodiang Health Clinic from April to October 2022. Smear-negative and extrapulmonary TB cases were excluded. Relevant information was extracted from the medical records and recorded in a case report form for data management and analysis. Results: Approximately 60.7% of the cases had symptoms lasting >2 weeks, and 89.3% showed abnormal findings upon clinical examination. Additionally, 73.2% had sputum acid-fast bacilli counts of ≥1+, and the sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and sensitivity test findings were positive in 82.1% of the cases. The proportion of smear-positive pulmonary TB with normal chest radiographic findings was 42.9%. The factors associated with smear-positive pulmonary TB with normal chest radiographic findings included being under 18 years old (P=0.021), being a student (P=0.010), being single (P=0.012) and being asymptomatic (P=0.04). Conclusion: Normal chest radiographic findings may lead to a misdiagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary TB, especially during an outbreak. Therefore, active case detection among close contacts with risk factors for normal radiographic findings should consider additional supportive tests.

This paper presents to develop and validate the Early Childhood Care and Pre-Service Lecturer Instrument constructed to determine their level of competencies toward the quality of early childhood carers-educators' professionalism in Malaysia. Components which affect the early childhood quality were characterized through inclusive literature reviews alongside interviews conducted with experts and experienced lecturers. In this study, two experts were elected to review this instrument so as to enhance its validity while 70 more lecturers in Malaysia were involved. There are four scales in principal component analysis pertaining the quality of early childhood professionalism, namely: (1) disposition, (2) knowledge, (3) skills, and (4) practices. The component loading range or respective instrument item were between 0.56 and 0.79, while the range for respective scales the alpha reliability coefficient were between 0.90 and 0.94. Concisely, the findings from this study corroborated the weight and consistency of the ECCE Pre-Service Lecturer Instrument.