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The shipping sector is one of the major contributing factors to greenhouse gas emissions. As it is growing fast, shipping could produce 17% of global emissions by 2050 if it left unchecked. In this paper, we assess life cycle environmental impact of an aluminum patrol vessel of 25-meter size in Malaysia with the help of life cycle analysis (LCA) method. This paper also identifies the major hotspots of the life cycle impacts from the ship to examine the primary influential factors on environmental impact. Three main groups in the life cycle of the ship have been identified namely construction, operation, and disposal. In this analysis, this ship is considered to use the principle of cradle to grave that means this ship is built from raw materials and will be recycled after the ship is decommissioned. The results show that the operating part has given the highest value in climate change impact (GWP100) with 1.36048×108 kg CO2-Eq compared to the construction value in climate change impact (GWP100) with 1.70506×106 kg CO2-Eq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem that influences the world on energy is climate change and until we increase our alternative sources the world will continue to face the energy issue. Besides, greenhouse gas emission is a main issue which is related with current energy access. Another global energy issue is hundreds of millions of people lack access to sufficient energy. In addition, depletion of natural resources become other crucial issue due to global energy consumption is growing in tandem with population growth, energy dependent patterns of usage composed with technological advancements. This study aims to focus on alternative power generation from renewable and hybrid sources in techno economic as a countermeasure for current energy sources issue in isolated communities which remote from the existing electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure. HOMER Pro software and RETScreen software are used to analyze best optimization of hybrid renewable energy system and check financial viability. A comparative analysis is done for 4 cases of energy: solar PV, wind, hydropower, and biogas to obtain estimation of Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and renewable fraction. His work also determines IRR, simple payback and energy production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the rise in price of energy and the impact of climate change, it has been shown that buildings play a huge role in being the largest energy consumer. Net Zero Energy Building (nZEB) is where a building has the ability to generate its own energy for its own use where the total amount of energy generated by the building by using renewable technologies is equal to the amount of energy use for the building thus making it net or nearly net zero energy building. The purpose of this study is to examine energy consumption in a retrofitted existing building, to investigate the economic impact of applying the net zero energy building concept on the retrofitted building and modeling a new net zero energy building for the same purpose that of the existing building. In this study, SketchUp is used in building the geometry of the building such as walls, windows and more while Openstudio is used to as a plugin in SketchUp to generate the file to be used in EnergyPlus. The EnergyPlus software has been used to identify the amount of energy use in the case building which amounted to 98 999 kWh annual site energy demand and 313 530 kWh annual source energy demand. The implementation of renewable energy for this study was solar and wind energy, where the amount of solar energy generated was to be 87 059 kWh and as for wind energy it was generated the amount of 5 653 kWh. With both energy generations, the net energy for the building was amounted to be 8 027 kWh that means by using the renewable technologies it generated 92% of the required building energy, and in terms of economics, the existing building annual electric bill is amounted to be MYR 23 165 while the retrofitted building is amounted to MYR 1 878. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy has enormous potential in the world. It can produce energy generation several times larger than the overall world energy demand. However, a major challenge to implement it is the high costs of electricity generation from solar sources. These costs can be reduced by improving the conversion efficiency from solar energy to electrical energy. Currently, the Rankine cycle is the most frequently used power cycle for generating electricity from solar energy. An interesting alternative to the commonly used Rankine cycle that uses solar heat energy as its input is the Kalina cycle. The Kalina cycle uses a mixture of ammonia and water as its working fluid. When using a mixture of ammonia and water as a working fluid, temperature varies while heat is added and rejected during phase change. This theoretically would be more efficient than a power cycle who only uses water as its working fluid. This paper examines the performance of a Kalina cycle with solar energy from concentrating solar plant as the input heat. A solution algorithm is developed and programmed to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of a Kalina cycle with inlet turbine temperature of 400 °C. Parametric analysis was done to study the effects of turbine inlet pressure and turbine inlet ammonia concentration on cycle efficiency. Results shows that both parameters have a positive relationship with cycle efficiency. Turbine outlet pressure was found to be a major influence on cycle efficiency. Maximum efficiency was found to be 33% at a turbine inlet pressure of 140 bar and turbine inlet ammonia concentration of 0.8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem that influences the world on energy is climate change and until we increase our alternative sources the world will continue to face the energy issue. Besides, greenhouse gas emission is a main issue which is related with current energy access. Another global energy issue is hundreds of millions of people lack access to sufficient energy. In addition, depletion of natural resources become other crucial issue due to global energy consumption is growing in tandem with population growth, energy dependent patterns of usage composed with technological advancements. This study aims to focus on alternative power generation from renewable and hybrid sources in techno economic as a countermeasure for current energy sources issue in isolated communities which remote from the existing electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure. HOMER Pro software and RETScreen software are used to analyze best optimization of hybrid renewable energy system and check financial viability. A comparative analysis is done for 4 cases of energy: solar PV, wind, hydropower, and biogas to obtain estimation of Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and renewable fraction. His work also determines IRR, simple payback and energy production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency is one of the twin pillars of transition towards sustainable energy. Energy efficiency refers to the methods, technologies, and practices, which requires less energy to perform the same function. Energy efficiency not only saves energy but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Energy-using activities across the world is substantially increasing due to economic development. Economic developments also trigger increase of energy consumption if extra measures are not taken. Energy efficiency can prevent the increase of energy consumption by uncoupling it from economic development. Germany is one of the leading countries in the world with the high-level of energy efficiency. Germany successfully limits the energy consumption growth by implementing a wide range of mechanisms. On the other hand, Malaysia, an emerging economy, sets to improve its energy efficiency by 20% by 2030 comparing to 2005. Despite Malaysia has initiated several policy measures, its current rates of progress in energy efficiency is not enough. This research work examines the energy efficiency policies of both Germany and Malaysia and figure out the major factors which brings about success for Germany. This work found that several policy support tools stimulate the increase of energy efficiency in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]