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Background: The thyroid function of the dog has been little studied in comparison with that of the human. This may have resulted, in part, from the apparent lack of reporting of thyroid-related disorders in the Indian canine population. There is, therefore, a need for a more detailed study of thyroid hormone levels (establish reference interval) in normal dogs using a specific and accurate technique like radioimmunoassay (RIA). Methods: Total 192 healthy dogs from the clinical setup of constituent colleges of MAFSU (viz. Mumbai, Nagpur, Parbhani, Shirwal, Udgir and Akola) were ethically enrolled to examine thyroid hormones levels (TT3, TT4 and FT4). Thyroid hormones were estimated using RIA. Result: The results of the present study recorded mean serum TT3, TT4 and FT4 values in healthy dogs as 1.29±0.04 nmol/l, 28.17±1.18 nmol/l and 13.03±0.68 pmol/l respectively. The reference interval (25th to 75th percentile) for TT3, TT4 and FT4 was found to be 0.88-1.51 nmol/l, 15.70-35.29 nmol/l and 7.80-14.75 pmol/l respectively. The median for TT3, TT4 and FT4 was found to be 1.13 nmol/l, 24.54 nmol/l and 10.00 pmol/l respectively. The baseline serum thyroid hormone concentration would be valuable for identifying thyroid dysfunction in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic burden of limited English proficiency (LEP) by estimating its direct, indirect, and intangible costs. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of variables on the economic burden. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional single-arm descriptive study conducted in a learning disability clinic in a public medical college in Mumbai. Subjects and Methods: The study cases (aged ≥8 years and ≤18 years) were recruited by non-probability sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the parent to collect data related to direct and indirect costs. Intangible cost data were collected by documenting the willingness-to-pay value using the contingent valuation technique. Statistical Analysis Used: A multivariate regression model was used to assess the impact of predictor variables on the costs. Results: The direct, indirect, and intangible costs due to LEP were Indian Rupees (INR) 826,736, 3,828,220, and 1,906,300, respectively. Indirect costs comprised 82.2% of the total costs. Expenditure on tuition and remedial education comprised 39.86% and 14.08% of the indirect and direct costs, respectively. The average annual learning disability clinic costs were INR 2,169,146. The average annual total costs per student were INR 42,102. Higher socioeconomic status was predictive of increased "indirect costs", "total costs", and "intangible costs." Conclusion: LEP is a cost-intensive condition (indirect > intangible > direct costs). Non-medical costs are the costliest component of direct costs. Parental loss of earnings is the costliest component of indirect costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide hormone, first defined in 1999 and widely expressed within side the organism. As the most effective acknowledged orexigenic hormone secreted within side the periphery, it will increase starvation and appetite, selling meals intake. Ghrelin has additionally been proven to be concerned in numerous physiological approaches being regulated within side the important frightened gadget together with sleep, mood, reminiscence and reward. Accordingly, it's been implicated in a chain of psychiatric disorders, making it situation of growing investigation, with expertise swiftly accumulating. This overview objectives at imparting a concise but complete evaluation of the position of ghrelin in psychiatric disorders. Ghrelin becomes continuously proven to exert neuro shielding and reminiscence improving results and alleviated psychopathology in animal fashions of dementia. Few human research displays a disruption of the ghrelin gadget in dementia. It became additionally proven to play a vital position within side the pathophysiology of addictive disorders, selling drug reward, improving drug in search of conduct and growing yearning in each animal and humans. Ghrelin's precise position in melancholy and tension remains being debated, because it became proven to each sell and alleviate depressive and tension-conduct in animal research, with an obese of proof suggesting antidepressant results. Not surprisingly, the ghrelin gadget is likewise implicated in ingesting disorders, but its precise position stays to be elucidated. Its extensive involvement has made the ghrelin gadget a promising goal for destiny therapies, with encouraging findings in current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is natural process & it is continuously increased when time passes. It is very important phenomenon of human body to get change from one form to another. child when get older it transforms into teenager and teenager get older it transforms into adult. It is lifelong process. Every stage of life it doing crucial role in development, physiological change, psychological change, emotional change. but when premature aging occurs it shows their sign & symptoms like Skin changes like wrinkles, age spots, dryness, loss of skin tone, hyperpigmentation around your chest and sagging. That is really unwanted condition so, we recover ourself from that condition by using Ashwagandha like herbal drug. ashwagandha mainly contains high number of Antioxidants. It acts on free radicals and neutralize cell from free radicals. that mainly help to slowing the aging process that help a human life to live more years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today we know about cancer causes many difficulties in human life either they affect death or has a serious side effect. This is a really sensitive subject because it may cause 2nd highest death in the world after cardiac diseases. in our day - today life we counter cancer and improve our health by means of using our day - today dietary plan. We take daily food it may fulfill our daily nutritional needs i.e., Antioxidant. Antioxidant which is a really great good impact on cancer treatment. It may have ability to inhibit the growth of malignant cell. It used in higher concentration it may cause death of malignant cell. It may helpful by reducing oxidative stress which fall on human body due to cancer cells. It helps to track free radicals and neutralizing them. In this article, we discuss about the role of antioxidant in cancer therapy. the management of cancer treatment by help of drugs and antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Buffaloes are economically important in particular region and also buffalo milk are nutritionally rich. In Konkan region, buffalo should be rarely used only to get female buffalo for milk production. To improve the non-descript buffalo population for milk production and reproduction performance. Methods: During survey period January, 2021 to February, 2021, record of 400 non-descript buffalo, 270 non-descript buffalo having more than 4 years age old to be selected. Result: The average daily milk yield, peak milk yield, total lactation milk yield, lactation length and dry period in non-descript buffaloes were 6.45±0.16 liters, 7.6±0.14 liters, 2007.66±45.83 liters, 302.86±0.34 days and 146.66±0.48 days, respectively. The average age at first calving, calving interval, service period, gestation period and number of calving were 45.96±0.18 months, 449.30±0.53 days, 128.86±0.31 days, 303.66±0.49 days, 2.72±0.12 numbers, respectively and autumn season of calving was more than another season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]