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Abstract The own-wage elasticity of labor demand measures the effect of higher wages on firms’ demand for labor and, thus, determines the impact of supply shocks, minimum wages, and collective wage agreements on the labor market. I carry out a comprehensive meta-analysis to shed light on the nature of this parameter, leveraging 705 elasticity estimates from 105 studies on the German labor market. The average elasticity is −0.43, but entails important heterogeneity: Labor demand turns out particularly elastic for low- and high-skilled workers, in the long run, and for internationally operating firms. While empirical designs that address endogeneity deliver more negative elasticities, the analysis does not support any systematic differences by region or by margin of adjustment.

The own-wage elasticity of labor demand measures the effect of higher wages on firms' demand for labor and, thus, determines the impact of supply shocks, minimum wages, and collective wage agreements on the labor market. I carry out a comprehensive meta-analysis to shed light on the nature of this parameter, leveraging 705 elasticity estimates from 105 studies on the German labor market. The average elasticity is −0.43, but entails important heterogeneity: Labor demand turns out particularly elastic for low- and high-skilled workers, in the long run, and for internationally operating firms. While empirical designs that address endogeneity deliver more negative elasticities, the analysis does not support any systematic differences by region or by margin of adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Since independence, India has embraced a mixed economy, recognizing the co-existence of private and public enterprises. The Planning Commission Established for the rapid economic development of the country. In the country with this, five year plans were started. As a result of this five year plans agriculture, energy, irrigation, transportation, communication, information technology, etc. are available in the country and it was tremendous progress was made in this field. But the rural areas were deprived of this progress. The main occupation in rural areas is agriculture which is seasonal and depend upon nature. Therefore, in addition to agriculture, farmers and agricultural laborers have to remain unemployed during the season and have to migrate to urban areas for unemployment. As a effect of this the population of the urban areas has increased and the stress on their basic and infrastructure problems has created. Therefore, people in rural areas need to create employment in the native village. For this, the Central and State Governments emphasized on the implementation of programs and schemes like Community Development Program, Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Indira Awas Yojana for the eradication of poverty in rural areas. But these plans have not been successful and effective in achieving their objectives. Off this the only successful and effective scheme is Employment Guarantee Scheme. Employment has been started in Gadchiroli district since the inception of Employment Guarantee Scheme. There has also been an increase in the number of laborers due to the steady rise in wage rates. The participation of women has increased significantly due to equal pay rates for men and women. Also, the question of seasonal employment has been solved as a family gets 100 days employment guarantee in a financial year. With the creation of permanent and durable property in the village itself, the basic and infrastructural facilities have been disposed problem of economic, social, educational, cultural etc. in rural areas. The radical change that has taken place in the field. The main reason for Employment Guarantee Scheme it is the increase the wage rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with existing models of household behavior, based on the assumption of the possibility of employees to determine their own level of consumption and employment, depending on a given wage rate and accumulated assets. An alternative view is offered that the wage rate accepted by employees can be expressed through financial assets and employment. Based on this assumption, the model "financial assets – labor price" was developed, determining the impact of the volume of financial assets of households and the level of employment on the wage rate, the minimum acceptable for workers. The model was tested in twelve European countries. The calculations confirmed the basic hypothesis of the study, namely the dependence of the level of wages on the volume of available assets and employment.