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Pemutusan hubungan kerja adalah pengakhiran hubungan kerja karena suatu hal tertentu yang mengakibatkan berakhirnya hak dan kewajiban antara pekerja/buruh dan pengusaha.Keberlakukan ketentuan PHK tidak hanya berlaku untuk hubungan kerja antara pengusaha dengan pekerja, tetapi melingkupi juga hubungan hukum di lembaga-lembaga atau usaha sosial maupun meliputi badan usaha milik orang perseorangan, badan usaha milik persekutuan, badan usaha milik badan hukum baik milik swasta maupun milik negara, usaha-usaha sosial; dan usaha-usaha lain yang mempunyai pengurus dan mempekerjakan orang lain dengan membayar upah atau imbalan dalam bentuk lain. Prosedur PHK tersebut tercantum dalam Pasal 151 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative, adapun hasil penelitian ini membahas mengenai aktualisasi prosedur PHK berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja meliputi beberapa tahapan, yang terdiri dari tahap upaya , tahap pemberitahuan, dan tahap perundingan bipartite. Undang-undang menjamin kondisi tertentu pengusaha dilarang melakukan PHK kepada pekerja. Alasan-alasan PHK tercantum dalam Pasal 154A . Dalam, pemutusan hubungan kerja, pengusaha juga memiliki kewajiban membayar uang pesangon berdasar Pasal 156 Ayat (1) Uang penghargaan masa kerja berdasarkan Pasal 156 Ayat (3). Uang Penggantian Hak kepada pekerja karena PHK berdasarkan Pasal 156 Ayat (4). pada Usaha Mikro dan Usaha Kecil sebagai akibat atas PHK ditegaskan dalam Pasal 59 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021. Upah Selama Penyelesaian Perselisihan tetap ada selama belum ditetapkan putusnya hubungan kerja. jika pekerja tersebut menolak PHK hal ini menunjukkan bahwa antara pengusaha dengan pekerja masih dalam hubungan kerja, hanya saja di antara para pihak terjadi perselisihan. Sehingga, pengusaha dan pekerja semestinya harus tetap melaksanakan kewajibannya, pengusaha membayar upah dan pekerja masuk kerja, Atau Pengusaha dapat melakukan tindakan skorsing kepada pekerja. penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial dikatakan selesai apabila telah tercapai kesepakatan dan dibuat perjanjian bersama ditandatangani para pihak dan disaksikan oleh pihak ke 3 serta didaftarkan ke pengadilan hubungan industrial.

Pandemi Covid-19 yang saat ini masih terjadi peningkatan kasus, mendorong akademisi memberikan pengabdian masyarakat, berupa upaya perlindungan hukum bagi anak tentang edukasi kesehatan untuk selalu berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) yang menyesuaikan selama masa pandemi ini. Anak butuh perlindungan hukum atas jaminan kesehatan, anak merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan akan terpapar virus Covid-19. Perlindungan hukum melalui Edukasi tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat selama masa pandemi Covid-19 perlu diterapkan, agar anak-anak dapat melakukan pencegahan terpapar Covid-19 secara dini dan mandiri. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah melalui pengabdian masyarakat tentang edukasi kesehatan pada orangtua yang memiliki anak usia sekolah bagaimana perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Sasaran pengabdian ini adalah orangtua yang mempunyai anak usia sekolah di lingkungan RT 12 RW 05 Desa Tiron Kecamatan Madiun Kabupaten Madiun. Keberhasilan pengabdian dapat dinilai dari peningkatan pengetahuan orangtua tentang edukasi perlindungan hukum hidup sehat dan perilaku hidup bersih di masa pandemi covid-19.

Pemerintah mempersiapkan RUU Cipta Kerja dengan menggunakan konsep Omnibus Law, untuk dijadikan sebuah skema membangun perekonomian agar mampu menarik investor menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia. RUU Cipta Kerja memiliki beberapa klaster yang salah satu diantaranya mengatur tentang ketenagakerjaan. Pada klaster ketenagakerjaan Pemerintah berupaya mengharmonisasikan 3 undang-undang tersebut agar sejalan sehingga mampu memberikan sebuah ruang kepada investor untuk membuka usahanya tanpa perlu khawatir adanya regulasi yang tumpang tindih dan mengakibatkan kerugian kepada investor. Penelitian ini mengguakan metode yuridis normative, konsep Omnibus Law Sejauh ini tidak diatur secara jelas didalam Undang-Undang nomor 12 tahun 2011 tentang pembentukan perundang-undangan. Pemerintah berupaya menerapkan omnibus law untuk cipta lapangan kerja. Tetapi tidak diimbangi dengan substansi regulasi yang mampu menghindari konflik-konflik yang telah terjadi selama ini. RUU Cipta Kerja ini masih memiliki banyak kelemahan Masalah ini ada pada perubahan ketentuan cuti, pemberian pesangon dan lain lain. perubahan tersebut semakin mempersempit ruang gerak para buruh untuk memperjuangkan hak-hakya.

Perlindungan hukum pada konsumen e-commerce dalam jasa layanan pengangkutan barang diatur pada Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen atas kewajiban dan tanggung jawabnya. Jika terdapat konsumen e-commerce mengalami kerugian atau kehilangan barang maka sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukumnya bisa menempuh upaya hukum melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen. Kejadian yang tidak diharapkan dalam pelaksanaan e- commerce dalam jasa layanan pengangkutan barang itu bisa terjadi karena kesengajaan dan ketidaksengajaan. Upaya ini mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan dengan waktu yang relatif cepat, hemat, serta kerahasiaan konsumen terjamin. Jika dalam upaya tersebut melalui jalur non litigasi tidak berhasil diselesaikan, maka dapat dilakukan upaya penyelesaian melalui litigasi atau melalui pengadilan.

Work is an application of the human beings’ responsibility in existing. The type of work may be chosen freely whether it is within the country or abroad. This is a normative law research which is supported by empirical study. The normative law study is used to analyze the constitutional regulations regarding the health rights of the Indonesian migrant workers. Meanwhile, the empiric law study is used to analyze the implementation of the regulations. The health right implementation of the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia is applies through health insurances based on the sosco regulations. The payment of the health rights for the Indonesian migrant workers is the responsibility of the employer. The research results show that in the aspect of health, the work agreements do not go according to the contract. The health security of the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia is still not effective as it only covers accidents within the working hours.

Rape is part of sexual crime in which its evidencing process is rather complicated if the victims do not directly report the case, or if the law-enforcing apparatus are not quick in handling it. Visum et repertum is a medical-aspect report from the doctor after a written demand from the law-enforcing apparatus of authority for the sake of the case investigation and examination in court. Thus, from this definition, visum et repertum can only be proposed by the law enforcers or the authorities such as the police department, the lawyers, or the judges in court to the special doctors who are in charge of that field. The lawyers and the judges may ask for the visum through the police department. This research uses a normative doctrinal method. The research results show that the evidencing process of rape as a criminal act of sexual crime has some different difficulties compared to other general criminal acts. This is because there needs to be visum et repertum which will uncover the perpetrator and the time of occurrence, which will ease the process of searching for and finding the perpetrator. The obstacle of visum et repertum is that its evidencing process is the same as a letter of evidence in the aspect of power.

This research aims to describe the forensic examination in the handling of the sexual crime which happened to an Indonesian migrant worker in Taiwan. It is well known that the level of human rights protection in Taiwan is quite good compared that of the other destination countries for migrant workers. Yet, is the good level of human rights protection balanced also with medical treatment or medical forensic examination of the Indonesian migrant worker sexual crime victim who worked in that country. This research uses a nondoctrinal method. This is because the law is not only a normative theory.Yet, it also views the sociological aspects which happen in the society. The research results show that Taiwan is a country with a worrying rate of sexual crime. Yet, it has underwent good procedures in forensic examination,including in visum et repertum and other examinations for sexual assaults which happened to migrant worker victims. The visum et repertum preliminary examination which applies in Taiwan is done through a special unit which is provided for sexual assault victims. The results are acknowledged as evidences of sexual crime. It will be directly coordinated with the Taiwan special unit of justice for sexual crime.

The thought of law science today is getting stagnant and being doubtful because it tends to be mainstream positivistic. Positivism paradigm is a rigid paradigm, autonomous, and the law becomes merely a law that reduces the law itself to be simple, linear, mechanistic and deterministic then it raises the condition that positive justice is a procedural justice and not an essential justice. The positivist concept produces an incomplete legal study and then it is being dry, stiff and unable to explain the reality. Such of this condition causes an anxiety then the law science requires a shift paradigm so that there is no gap between Das Sein and Das Sollen. Therefore, the holistic paradigm has become the choice for legal science to be genuine science and signifies that the real science of law is not static but dynamic. This paradigm is an effort to formulate the science of law as a unity of science which is full of values and philosophy to reveal truth and justice to the level of meaning.

Dunia menghadapi permasalahan yang sangat krusial termasuk di negara Indonesia masa Pandemi Covid-19 saat ini. kerugian yang berdampak pada kesehatan maupun perekonomian. Indonesia melakukan pencegahan penyebaran terhadap pandemi melalui berbagai kebijakan. Kebijakan tersebut, membuat perekonomian Indonesia mengalami banyak permasalahan, beberapa perusahaan mengambil langkah untuk mengurangi kerugian akibat Covid-19. Pekerja harus istirahat dan bekerja di rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, menganalisis aturan-aturan, kebijakan, asas, serta prinsip hukum ketenagakerjaan. Hasil penelitian Perlindungan hukum adalah memberikan pengayoman terhadap hak asasi manusia masa pandemic covid 19 saat ini. PHK sejalan dengan Pasal 164 dan 165 Undang-Undang No.13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan menyatakan bahwa suatu perusahaan berhak memutus hubungan kerja terhadap pekerja apabila suatu perusahaan mengalami kerugian. Perusahaan yang memutus hubungan kerja di masa pandemi Covid-19 seringkali menggunakan alasan force majeure, padahal perusahaan tersebut masih berproduksi seperti biasanya. syarat PHK perusahaan yaitu, perusahaan terbilang mengalami penurunan atau kerugian selama 2 tahun. pandemi saat penetapan PHK belum mencapai 2 tahun. Kejelasan force majeure menjadi pertanyaan memasuki klasifikasi dalam bencana alam atau tidak. alasan force majeure yang dipakai perusahaan untuk memutus hubungan kerja tidak dapat dibenarkan. force majeure dalam Kebijakan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja dimasa pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia Merujuk Pasal 164 Ayat (1) Pasal 164 Ayat (3) UU 13/2003 Menteri Ketenagakerjaan, menghimbau bahwa perusahaan seharusnya membuat langkah yang bisa ditempuh seperti; mengurangi upah, fasilitas, shift kerja, atau merumahkan sementara waktu. beberapa perusahaan mengeluarkan kebijakan memutus hubungan kerja tetap berdalih tidak memiliki dana yang cukup untuk membayar pesangon atau upah para pekerja. Hal tersebut menyalahi Peraturan ketenagakerjaan yang menyakan bahwa perusahaan boleh tutup jika sudah mencapai kerugian selama 2 tahun. Covid-19 ini belum mencapai dua tahun. Alasan force majeure yang dipakai oleh beberapa perusahaan tidak dapat diterima oleh beberapa kalangan. force majeure diartikan sebagai kejadian yang timbul diluar kemauan dan kemapuan. Keadaan memaksa tersebut meliputi: Keadaan memaksa bersifat mutlak (absolut) Keadaan memaksa bersifat mutlak (relatif). Wabah covid-19 merupakan peristiwa yang tidak terduga pada saat perjanjian atau kebijakan itu dibuat. Artinya jika ada perjanjian yang dibuat pada saat wabah sedang menjalar dan menjangkit pemutusan hubungan kerja tidak dapat dijadikan alasan sebagai force majeure.

Dunia dikejutkan dengan wabah virus corona (Covid-19) yang menginfeksi hampir seluruh negara. bermula dan terdeteksi di Wuhan China. mulai tersebar keberbagai penjuru dunia. Indonesia adalah negara pengirim pekerja migran. Sehingga pada masa pandemic covid 19 Indonesia harus memperhatikan jaminan atas kesehatan bagi pekerja migran di luar negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal atau yuridis normatif menganalisis aturan serta bentuk perlindungan hukum atas jaminan kesehatan bagi pekerja migran Indonesia di Hongkong pada masa pandemic covid 19. hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Employment Ordinance (Cap. 57) merupakan Undang-undang yang mengatur ketentuan-ketentuan umum berkaitan dengan perlindungan pekerja dan pemberi kerja yang menjadi salah satu pedoman di masa pandemi covid 19. Aturan tersebut merupakan kebijakan pemerintah Hongkong terhadap kontribusi pekerja migran. Kebijakan pemerintah Hongkong di Masa pandemi covid 19 PMI dtidak boleh bekerja diluar batas, upaya jaminan kesehatan bagi PMI di Hongkong melalui vaksinasi. Pelaksanaan vaksinasi di monitoring kementrian ketenagakerjaan kementrian kesehatan dan KBRI. Sistem kesehatan masa pandemic covid 19 di Hongkong sama dengan sistem layanan kesehatan Inggris. pelayanan kesehatan dikoordinasikan melalui biro makanan dan kesehatan. layanan kesehatan holistic ini dapat diakses semua pihak di Hongkong, Pekerja migran dalam kasus darurat yang mengancam nyawa di masa pandemic covid 19 dapat mengakses layanan tanpa diskriminasi. Layanan kesehatan terdiri dari layanan dengan skema CSSA yang meliputi 90% rumah sakit dan 29% layanan medis non rawat rumah sakit. Serta layanan bersubsidi dari HKSAR. PMI di tetapkan sebagai salah satu penerima vaksin covid 19 oleh pemerintah Hongkong. PMI dianjurkan konsultasi ke dokter terlebih dahulu untuk mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti vaksinasi. Vaksinasi yang dapat di lakukan di pusat vaksinasi atau di beberapa klinik rawat jalan. Hongkong tersedia vaksin coronavac buatan sinovac biotech limited dan vaksin comirnaty yang di kembangkkan yang di kembangkan oleh Foshun parma yang berkolaborasi dengan Biontech. Perlindungan hukum bagi PMI di berikan oleh pemerintah HIKSAR dengan cara memberikan layanan rujukan dapat di akses melalui bahasa Indonesia. Sehingga PMI dapat memahami dengan jelas dan tidak terpengaruh isu simpang siur tentang pengaruh vaksinasi pada masa pandemi covid 19.

Providing Medical Records in a health service facility is one indicator of service quality at the institution. Based on the data in the Medical Record, it can be assessed whether the services provided are good enough or not, and whether they are in accordance with standards or not. Therefore in medical partners is a picture of the process of health care for every patient who goes to the hospital. Based on Article 1 of the Republic of Indonesia’s Minister of Health Regulation No. 269 / MENKES / PER / III / 2008, that medical record is a file containing records and documents about patient identity, examination, treatment, actions and other services provided to patients. This means that the medical record is a systematic procedure given to the patient and the hospital patient’s right to know.

The main idea of the government was to form a special institution to handle social security for the community in 2004, which was through the Social Security System Act. With the provisions of this law, in 2011, the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) and implementing regulations. On another aspect, the social security system is certainly difficult to implement if the system is not integrated between the central government and regional governments. With an integrated system, a social security system in the health sector will be built, this is in line with Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, where one of the concurrent affairs in the health sector. The purpose of this research is to analyze the synergy of the authority of the government and regional governments in implementing social security in the health sector by using qualitative methods and normative juridical approaches.

There are two emerging markets in Indonesia, namely traditional markets and modern markets. Traditional market reform is one of the government’s programs to improve the performance of market traders. The existence of medicine environment aspects as the development of the quality of traditional markets is important to be discussed. The greater the health and medicine environmeny that occur shows a is a reflection of the level of public welfare. its development Traditional markets are beginning to be marginalized, this is due to the quality of commodities and un health environment that are not guaranteed.

According to the Constitution No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, it is explained that a hospital is a health service institution for the people with its own characteristics which is influenced by health science development, technology advancement and the people’s socio-economic life which must be able to improve the better-quality services and be affordable for the people in order to achieve the highest degree of health. From this definition, it can be seen that hospitals are very much needed to provide the best health service for the people. However, it is not uncommon that hospitals and its internal instruments, such as the medical staff and the allied health staff, nursing staff, pharmaceutical staff, management staff, and administrative staff experience verbal or nonverbal abuse both from patients or their families, not to mention that it happens if there are cases of medical malpractice. The purpose of this study is to observe the extent of the Constitution No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals has been well implemented by the Hospital to improve its services for patients and their families. This study is an exploratory-descriptive study with a statutory approach. The existence of the Law No. 44 of 2009, apparently has not been able yet to provide strong legal protection for Hospitals in the cases relating to patients and their families. It needs revision on several Articles in Law, to be able to provide fair and balanced legal protection, especially for the Hospitals, because if there is a case against patient or patient's family, the community tends to judge that the Hospital is guilty or has committed medical malpractice. The reverse-charging principle of criminal law should also be applied in the Constitution No. 44 of 2009.

Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1999 merupakan salah satu indikator penerapan sanksi bagi pelaku usaha besar ketika melakukan beberapa perbuatan hukum yang melanggar ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, khususnya perbuatan yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, Aturan hukum praktik monopoli dari aspek struktur hukum, bisa dikatakan belum mencegah praktik monopoli dan ketetapan sanksinya. Tidak semua produk hukum legislatif mencerminkan suara atau harapan warganya. Banyak pelaku usaha dan masyarakat yang menilai masih rendahnya penegakan hukum Kendala utama, pengaturan struktur pasar dan perilaku pasar secara utuh. perlunya rekonstruksi terhadap Pasal-Pasal yang terkait langsung dengan struktur pasar, perilaku pasar dan kinerja pasar.

Pandemic COVID-19 meenyebabkan permasalahan ekonomi, sehingga berdampak pada in-stabilitas ekonomi di berbagai negara. sehingga Negara mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum melalui pengelolaan anggaran belanja Negara akibat pandemic covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative, Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 sebagai dasar hukum penanganan pandemi Covid-19 yang berdampak bagi kesehatan, perekonomian, sosial, dan lain-lain yang pada akhirnya menggerus kesejahteraan rakyat, sehingga diperlukan respon kebijakan keuangan negara untuk meningkatkan belanja, risiko kesehatan, melindungi masyarakat, dan menjaga aktivitas usaha. dasar hukum atas perlindungan pandemic covid 19 tersebut juga di atur dalam UUD 1945, serta peraturan menteri keuangan.

Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Sebagai Bencana Nasional. sangat berdampak terhadap berbagai bidang salah satunya dalam sektor ekonomi di Indonesia. Salah satu langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah untuk mendukung ekonomi masyarakat selaku debitur yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mengangsur pembiayaan kreditnya, maka pemerintah mengambil kebijakan restrukturisasi terhadap kredit yang diambil oleh debitur.penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative. Pada masa pandemic covid 19, keadaan perbankan di Indonesia menjadi tidak kondusif. Akibat Dihentikannya sementara angsuran kredit sehingga debitur belum dapat menjalankan prestasinya dengan membayarkan pinjamannya kepada kreditur. sebagai jalan alternatif Salah satu kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah yakni mengupayakan restrukturisasi kredit bagi kedua belah pihak melalui kebijakan regulasi dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. restrukturisasi sebagai upaya penyelamatan kredit bermasalah yang meliputi upaya Reschedulling, Restructuring dan Reconditioning, Ketentuan restrukturisasi ini dapat diterapkan Bank tanpa melihat batasan plafon kredit/pembiayaan atau jenis debitur.

Corona Virus Disease merupakan wabah virus mematikan sehingga ditetapkan Pemerintah sebagai Bencana Nasional, Penularan virus yang sangat cepat dan mudah membuat banyak. Virus ini menimbulkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat Pemerintahan mengambil kebijakan lockdown atau social distancing. perekonomian juga menjadi kacau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normative yang mengkaji aturan, asas hukum dan prinsip-prinsip yang berkaitan dalam pelaksanaan prestasi. Terhalangnya suatu pihak untuk memenuhi prestasi akibat situasi ini termasuk dalam keadaan memaksa atau overmahcht, Pemerintah menyadari kebijakan yang di keluarkan, sehingga debitur di beri kesempatan mengajukan permohonan atas penundaan prestasi akibat keadaan memaksa akibat pandemic covid 19, kebijakan ini diharapkan kreditur dan debitur sama-sama memahami dan mencari solusi resiko yang timbul atas perjanjian yang telah di sepakati bersama.

Pekerja migran Indonesia yang selanjutnya di sebut PMI merupakan salah satu sektoryang mampu menggerakkan perekonomian di satu sisi mempunyai sisi positif,menambah devisa negara dan mengatasi pengangguran tetapi memiliki sisi negatif,resiko terjadinya perlakuan yang tidak manusiawi. Perlindungan pekerja migran antar negara-negara Asia merupakan masalah krusial yang harus mendapat penanganan yang layak. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah denganpendekatan doktrinal dan non-doktrinal yang kualitatif. Perlindungan hukum melaluipara legal merupaka KEGIATAN YANG DILAKUKAN untuk Memberikan wawasanhukum bagi calon atau mantan pekerja migran Ponorogo, yang terdiri daripenmahaman mengenai sistematika kontrak kerja bagi para calon pekerja migranPonorogo, pemahaman mengenai biaya yang harus di keluarkan dan upah yang harusdi terima, pemahaman perlindungan hukum atas jaminan sosial, serta penyelesaianpermasalahan di setiap Negara tujuan karena memiliki aturan hukum dan penyelesaianpermasalahan yang berbeda-beda

Punishment becomes a problem in the law system in Indonesia. The purpose of the punishment system is a form of protection for all Indonesian as stated in the Preamble of Constitution 1945 (UUD 1945). Punishment should consider humanism. The effectiveness of imprisonment is questionable, especially the negative effect. The prison condition causes some critics. Prison usually used as the education side for the criminals who gave birth the professional criminals. Punishment verdict does not necessarily in prison. If someone goes to jail, he will be a state burden and also the prison should serve so many facilities. Social work punishment should give benefit than imprisonment. The positive law regulation in the future (iusconstitutum) especially the regulation about social work punishment can be formulated better by protecting the society and rehabilitating theperpetrators of the crime as the main purpose. It is needed to formulate rightly about social work punishment,so they act effectively and reach the goal appropriately.

In early 2017 until February 2018, the Commission of Corruption Eradication arrested ten Regional Heads who redhandedly fired for political dowry and corruption. This research was sociological-juridical method with the aims of research to find the relation between political worry and corruption by regional heads. This research was also descriptive-analytic research with the subjections is descriptions on the constitutional and criminal law perspective. Cases handled by the Commission of Corruption Eradication are committing a crime, abusing the authority, making pledges to another party, accepting gifts and bribes from regional heads. Not only will the regional heads participate in the elections, but it also includes the familymember of those regional heads. Corruption committed by the Regional Head from the Governor, Regent, and Mayor can be subjected to the element of criminal acts and violate Law No. 31 of 1999 Act No. 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes.

Constitutional change is always tinged with a tense and lasting political constellation in both national and international contexts. the existence of transactional politics to gain seats constantly influences political dynamics in the election period. The method used in this research is the doctrinal method. Indonesia applies a presidential government system but does not fully follow the existing doctrine. several coalitions in the government coalition were made. As a result when the President and Vice President are nominated. political parties that support the nomination feel they have the right to join the government, as in the parliamentary system of government. The cabinet filling model is also influenced by supporting parties. It shows that political parties can collaborate to form a joint government, however, the President has the prerogative in determining who will be his minister. It should be carefully noted down that our country is a country adopting a presidential government system. As a result, the formation and the ministers elections of the government is not at the hand of the chairperson of the political parties coalition, but fully at the hand of the president as the President’s prerogative rights. This cannot be proceeded. Chairperson of the Political parties in a coalition may expect to get some seats of powers (minister) from the President Keywords: cabinet; election; political; party; chairperson

Legal protection for consumers in an electronic commerce transaction in Indonesia is crucial for the development of the society’s economy. The aim of this research is to know how is the legal protection for online transaction users is in Indonesia. The method of study is the juridicial-normative method. The data collection is done through literature study. The research results show that the legal protection in the Electronic Transaction Agreement in Indonesia is regulated in Articles 47 and 48 of the Governmental Decree, No. 82 of 2012 regarding the Establishment of the Electronic System and Transaction. Legal protection for the society is written in Article 46 of the Constitution No. 11 of 2008 regarding Electronic Information and Transaction and Article 62 of the Constitution No. 8 of 1999 regarding Consumer Protection. Legal protection towards consumers in electronic transaction in Indonesia is regulated strictly both in the aspects of criminal and civil laws. Keywords: law; online transaction; consumer protection.

Fenomena pekerja anak di Indonesia dewasa ini merupakan persoalan yang kompleks, berdimensi pada faktor ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya yang sudah ada sejak berabad-abad. Permasalahan ekonomi pada keluarga merupakan persoalan dominan yang mengharuskan anak untuk bekerja demi menunjang ekonomi keluarga. Pekerja anak saat ini tidak bisa di pungkiri, menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan secara jelas telah melarang anak dibawah 18 tahun untuk bekerja. Hal Ini menggambarkan upaya perlindungan hukum bagi hak anak, namun kondisi masyarakat, maka Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 membolehkan anak berumur 13 tahun sampai 15 tahun untuk melakukan pekerjaan ringan sepanjang tidak mengganggu perkembangan dan kesehatan fisik, mental, dan sosial dengan persyaratan (Pasal 69). Disamping itu Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak mengamanatkan untuk memberikan perlindungan yaitu perlindungan khusus bagi anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi termasuk pekerja anak (Pasal 66). Dengan adanya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan upaya melindungi pekerja anak dapat memberikan kepastian hukum dalam upaya perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja anak di Indonesia

Islamic law gives a high appreciation for the human equality. It happens because all humans come from one source , Allah S.W.T. Respecting of human rights is regulated in fiqih, holy Qur’an, and hadist. From the Islamic law perspective, the differentiate of human level is on their devotion. Working as a migrant worker is allowed in Islamic Law. State gives regulation for the Indonesian migrant in a constitution No 18, 2017 year. The constitution is provide to give all society to have work both of domestic and overseas with a certain period, of course they get salary. Working is a citizen’s right. The purpose of migrant is to get bigger result. Other factor which triggers the Indonesian citizen of Indonesia to change the fate is the difficulty of getting work. There are many kinds of work in this country. Various job opportunities that exist in this country but most of them have been occupied by Indonesian society. Consequently, it is being minimum opportunity for the next generation. Indonesian mindset of working abroad to be a migrant worker is a necessity. The real fact is when women work, and then they have to perform two roles, as a wife or a mother as well as a worker. This article will discuss about the female position as a migrant viewed from the religion point of view, especially in term of Islamic law related to Indonesian female migrant workers. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

The rights for social security can be found in the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia, Article 34 section (2) which reads “The state develops a social security system for all citizens and empowers the weak and the poor according to the human dignity”. With the purpose of achieving every citizen's rights for social welfare as stated in the Mandate of the Constitution, so the Constitution No. 40 year 2004 on the JKN (National Social Security) and the Constitution No. 24 year 2011 on the Social Security Administering Body are issued as the legal protection of the National Social Security System and the National Healthcare Security in Indonesia. The implementation of National Healthcare Security is rather problematic. Some complaints of the BPJS (Social Security Administering Agency) participants regarding the BPJS-Health include rejections form health facilities or health workers to the BPJS patients with various reasons. A protruding problem is the minimum activation number or the BPJS waiting period for social welfare participants. This results to the citizens’ violation of rights in receiving healthcare services form the social security program.

The right to work and the right at work are part of the human rights. The fulfillment of these rights for the citizens who work gives an important sense to reach a good living standard. Health rights of Indonesian migrant workers are regulated in the Constitution No.18, 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. This legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers includes rather wide aspects, such as the protection of safety, health, the maintenance of work ethics, also rightful treatments according to the human dignity and the religious morals. Legal protection of health for the migrant workers are part of the efforts to maintain and to increase their physical and mental health, as well as letting them reach social welfare. The host country of the Indonesian migrant workers must give insurance of health rights. The five favorite destination countries of Indonesian migrant workers are Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Hongkong, and Saudi Arabia. Those five countries have regulations in giving health rights insurances for Indonesian migrant workers.

Health insurance is one of the aspects and part of the social insurance which must be given by the state to its citizens, including migrant workers. There are millions of Indonesian migrant workers who work overseas, so health insurance is an urgent need to be fulfilled, as it is a constitutional right of the citizens. The government gives a legal protection for migrant workers according to the legislation, the destination country's law, as well as the international laws and customs. One form of protection given by the government is the right to receive health insurance. Each country has its own characteristics and procedures in giving health insurance protection to its migrant workers, which may result to problems and obstacles in its implementation, which is caused by differences in it law and its government's administration. Indonesian social insurance protection for migrant workers is managed by BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial/Social Security Administrator) as written in the Mandate of 1945 Constitution (Amanat UUD 1945), yet in reality, health insurance protection from the state of Indonesia for Indonesian migrant workers abroad is not yet operated because the facility mechanism overseas cannot work together with BPJS Kesehatan (Health).

The Islamic religion nowadays is demanded to involve actively in giving solutions of various problems faced by the Muslims. One of them is womanhood issues. Women are often positioned in a subordinate position and are less respected. Moreover, it seems having legitimacy from theological doctrines that is supported by patriarchy system. The reaction of imbalance and injustice from patriarchy system therefore results a feminist movement. The demand of Islamic religion role as expected above can be answered while the conception of religion currently uses normative approach, a theology that is provided with other various approaches such as anthropological, sociological, psychological, phenomenology, and feminism. Those various approaches, which are operationally conceptual, can give solutions to occurred problems. The Islamic religion study using feminism approach is expected to bring Islam back as a hospitable religion for women.